CN103471095A - Biomass powder combustor - Google Patents
Biomass powder combustor Download PDFInfo
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- CN103471095A CN103471095A CN2013104055102A CN201310405510A CN103471095A CN 103471095 A CN103471095 A CN 103471095A CN 2013104055102 A CN2013104055102 A CN 2013104055102A CN 201310405510 A CN201310405510 A CN 201310405510A CN 103471095 A CN103471095 A CN 103471095A
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Abstract
A biomass powder combustor comprises an air chamber (1), an adjusting cylinder (2) and an ignition cylinder (3) which are sequentially sleeved from exterior to interior and have the same central axis; the adjusting cylinder (2) which can vertically move cuts off the air supply when downward moves to the lowest position; the bottom lateral wall surfaces (11) of the air chamber (1) are inverted cone frustum lateral wall surfaces; the bottom lateral wall surfaces (11) extend to be intersected to identical point on the central axis of the air chamber (1); the bottom lateral wall surfaces (21) of the adjusting cylinder (2) are parallel to the bottom lateral wall surfaces (11); diameter of the internal wall surface of the adjusting cylinder (2) is 1.5 times of that of the bottom round surface of a blunt body (31) of the ignition cylinder (31); edge lines of the bottom round surface of the blunt body (31) extend downward from the bottom lateral wall surface of the adjusting cylinder (2) to the curved surface (21) of the inverted cone. The biomass powder combustor which can be applied to powdered fuel such as the biomass, ignitable sludge and lower calorific value coal has the advantages of being low in cost, simple in structure, convenient to control, stable in furnace condition and furnace lining, low in fault rate, large in production potential and burning capacity, enabling burn-off rate to be more than 99% and enabling carbonic oxide content of the tail gas to be less than 0.1 %.
Description
The technical field invention relates to a kind of biomass powder burner with strengthening gas grain two-phase composite character, is suitable for the dusty fuel combustion fields such as living beings, flammable mud and low calorific value coal and uses.
The background technology biomass resource has the characteristics such as recyclability, extensive distributivity, low contaminative (carbon dioxide zero discharge) and total resources are huge.It is annual on the earth that by photosynthesis of plant, fixing biomass carbon reaches 1.8 * 10
11t, energy content reaches 3 * 10
21j, be equivalent to 10 times of the annual total energy consumption in the whole world.In China " 12 " development plan, point out, to the year two thousand twenty, China comprises that the ratio that the regenerative resource of biomass energy accounts in the total energy structure will bring up to 16%.Therefore, the biomass burner technical market demand of high-efficient energy-saving environment friendly is huge.
The living beings utilization can be divided into three basic forms of it: heat chemistry, biochemistry, directly burning, the above two all make biomass conversion is to use after secondary fuel, this heat utilization rate in conversion process descends, and when secondary fuel is used, effective utilization rate of thermal energy is low, and the part imperfect combustion can produce pollution gas, so biomass combustion is the effective way of biomass utilization.Biomass combustion requirement fuel disposal amount is large, burning velocity is fast, and the two requires combustion air and biomass powder under burner control evenly to mix by stoichiometric ratio, accomplishes to mix in advance.
Flash copper metallurgy industry has accumulated large inventory gas grain mixing reactor experience and technology.As shown in Figure 2, central authorities' diffusion type concentrate burner complex structure, comprise air chamber 1, cooling jacket 5, the distributor 6 that is set in together from outside to inside and is total to central axis and adjust wind cone 7, cooling jacket 5 bottom faces extend in reaction tower, distributor 6 bottoms are for disperseing cone 61, disperse cone 61 downside walls that equally distributed numerous dispersion wind wind hole 611 is set, adjust wind cone 7 can move up and down with adjusting process wind speed degree.In order to strengthen gas grain mixed effect, arrange and to be circular fine ore, to be the circular cylindrical central oxygen in technique Feng,Ta center and numerous in the radial direction dispersion wind of horizontal high-speed motion from inside to outside vertically downward.Numerous shallow bid radial dispersion wind is delivered to fine ore in technique wind, and gas grain two-phase is mixed and is uniformly distributed in tower.Because the local resistance loss that disperses wind wind hole 611 is large, disperse the wind static pressure large.When this nozzle strengthens inventory; the pneumatic amount of technique strengthens; particle enters technique wind jet difficulty and strengthens; one side gas grain mixing uniformity variation; gas grain hybrid position moves down on the other hand; when particle flows down at the bottom of tower along the reaction tower height, reaction remains unfulfilled, and has " raw material heap " under causing under " raw material " or nozzle.When inventory strengthens, good gas grain mixed effect requires to disperse wind flow to strengthen, but the smelting scene usually can only supply the large static pressure of low discharge and disperse wind, and the large static pressure of the large flow required during large inventory disperses wind can't realize because of economy and compressor capacity restriction.This nozzle is gas grain good mixing when inventory is little; but this nozzle is when large inventory; because the pneumatic amount of dispersion is little and quick decay; fine ore is difficult to sneak in technique wind, be prone to “Ta center stock column+peripheral technique wind, gas grain hybrid position moves down " etc. the gas grain mix problem of non-uniform.The central diffusion type concentrate burner of accompanying drawing 2 is not suitable for large fuel disposal amount biomass fuel combustion and uses.
As shown in Figure 3, patent 2011110269298.2 (publication number: 102358850A) disclose a kind of dispersion gasifier of high-calorific value solid fuel, comprised housing 8 and be cone shape bluff body 9, do not used secondary air.9 end of the bluff body area of a circle is larger, and bluff body 9 all is positioned at stove, all there is obvious rebound effect in bluff body 9 side surfaces to gasifying agent air-flow and particle, gas grain two-phase is mixed at bluff body 9 side surface superjacent air spaces, under bluff body 9 major diameter bottom surface effects, be distributed in more equably in stove, bluff body 9 belows, bottom surface are high temperature recirculation zone again.Uniform particles disperse under gasifier control is distributed in furnace inner space, the gas grain only occurs once and mix, and gas grain mixing modulability is poor, bluff body 9 bottom surfaces are not high because of the easy scaling loss of bonding dust, gasifying agent jet utilization ratio.
Lack simple in structurely on market, regulate and control easyly, the gas grain mixes, the novel biomass powder burner of large fuel disposal amount.
When summary of the invention disperses wind to carry powder to complete the large inventory that gas grain mix type nozzle exists in order to overcome the large static pressure of numerous low discharges, gas grain mixed effect variation and gas grain hybrid position move down, disperse eolian the problem such as high, invention provides a kind of and has that the gas grain mixes, gas grain hybrid position in advance, the biomass powder burner of the technical advantage such as large fuel disposal amount, modulability be good.
Biomass powder burner, mainly comprise order suit and the air chamber 1 of central axis from outside to inside altogether, adjustment barrel 2 and ignition pot 3, space between adjustment barrel 2 and air chamber 1 is air duct, space between adjustment barrel 2 and ignition pot 3 is fuel channel, adjustment barrel 2 can move up and down, when moving down into position, the end, adjustment barrel 2 cuts off the air supply fully, ignition pot 3 bottoms are the bluff body 31 that is circular cone shape, the bottom side wall 11 of air chamber 1 is inversion type frustum of a cone side wall surface, bottom side wall 11 prolongations of air chamber 1 intersect at same point on air chamber 1 central axis, the bottom side wall 21 of adjustment barrel 2 is parallel with the bottom side wall 11 of air chamber 1, adjustment barrel 2 internal face diameters are 1.5 times of 31 end of bluff body disc diameter, 31 end of the bluff body disc edge line that the bottom side wall 21 of adjustment barrel 2 comprises ignition pot 3 to the inverted cone side of downward-extension.
The powdery biomass fuel, the flammable mud of powdery, and powdery low calorific value coal burner all can use invention.
Burner manufacture and operating cost are low, simple in structure, and regulation and control are convenient; The working of a furnace is stable, under burner, without " raw material heap ", occurs, the working of a furnace is good, and inner lining of furnace is safe and reliable, failure rate is low; The burner productive potentialities are large, and production efficiency is high, and burning capacity is large; The environmental protection of burner energy saving in running, burnout rate>99%, tail gas carbon monoxide content<0.1%., good economy performance.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is biomass powder burner structure vertical sectional view, and Fig. 2 is central diffusion type concentrate burner structure vertical sectional view, and Fig. 3 is dispersion gasifier of high-calorific value solid fuel structure vertical sectional view.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, biomass powder burner, comprise air chamber 1, adjustment barrel 2 and ignition pot 3.Air chamber 1, adjustment barrel 2 and ignition pot 3 order from outside to inside are set in together, and three's central axes.The bottom side wall 11 of air chamber 1 is inversion type frustum of a cone side wall surface, and bottom side wall 11 prolongations of air chamber 1 intersect at same point on air chamber 1 central axis.Ignition pot 3 is positioned at adjustment barrel 2, and adjustment barrel 2 is positioned at air chamber 1, and adjustment barrel 2 tube walls have certain thickness, and the bottom side wall 21 of adjustment barrel 2 is parallel with the bottom side wall 11 of air chamber 1, and the space between adjustment barrel 2 and air chamber 1 is air duct.Air flow line is " V " word shape and intersects at furnace air chamber 1 central axis.Adjustment barrel 2 comprises the lower hollow inversion type frustum of a cone and vertical type cylinder cylinder, cylindrical drum internal diameter and hollow cone countertop internal diameter equate, cylindrical drum external diameter and hollow cone countertop external diameter equate, at the bottom of cylindrical drum, disc and hollow cone countertop are welded to connect and are integral, cylindrical drum and hollow cone platform central axes.The bottom side wall 21 of adjustment barrel 2 is inversion type frustum of a cone side wall surface, and parallel with the bottom side wall 11 of air chamber 1.Adjustment barrel 2 can move up and down, and to regulate air velocity, cuts off the air supply when adjustment barrel 2 moves down into position, the end fully.Ignition pot 3 is positioned at adjustment barrel 2.Ignition pot 3 bottoms are the bluff body 31 that is circular cone shape, and igniter stretches out through ignition pot 3 beyond 31 end of bluff body disc along ignition pot 3 central axis.Space between adjustment barrel 2 and ignition pot 3 is fuel channel.1.5 times of 31 end of the bluff body disc diameter that adjustment barrel 2 internal face diameters are ignition pot 3.Ignition pot 3 moves up and down with adjustment barrel 2, and the bottom side wall 21 of adjustment barrel 2 comprises 31 end of the bluff body disc edge line of ignition pot 3 all the time to the inverted cone side of downward-extension.The bluff body 31 side wall surface outline lines of ignition pot 3 are oblique lower straight line or oblique lower piecewise polynomial function curve.
Air is combustion-supporting oxidant, can be normal temperature or preheating high temperature common air, oxygen-enriched air pure oxygen air even.Fuel can be biomass powder, flammable mud powder or low heat value coal dust etc.
Burner is the suspension type burner, and at right angle setting is in burner hearth end face 4, burner central axis and burner hearth central axes.1.5 times of 31 end of the bluff body disc diameter that adjustment barrel 2 internal face diameters are ignition pot 3, ignition pot 3 can move vertically without resistance in adjustment barrel 2.During the blowing out maintenance, can first from ignition pot 3, up extract igniter out, then up shift out ignition pot 3, finally up shift out adjustment barrel 2.
The invention course of work is described below:
During normal operation, the fuel powder falls from the fuel channel Vertical Free.On the fuel channel horizontal cross-section, dusty fuel along the circumferential direction is uniformly distributed, without local, radially with the even Distribution Phenomena of circumferential asymmetry, occur.Air is " V " word shape from airflow path with the speed that is no more than 100m/s and sprays into downwards.
The fuel powder of adjustment barrel 2 internal face near zones leaves on the rear direct vertical drop of adjuster 2 air draught that extremely oblique center sprays into, the fuel powder vertical drop of ignition pot 3 outside wall surface near zones to bluff body 31 side wall surfaces of ignition pot 3, under bluff body 31 effect along circumferentially being evenly distributed in the air draught that oblique center sprays into.Then gas grain mixed airflow be gathered in bluff body 31 under air chamber 1 central axis a bit, after igniting, along the tower central area, flow downward, all combustion reactions all complete when flowing through under bluff body 31 vertical stroke.
In bluff body 31 side wall surface upper areas, gas grain mixing for the first time occurs in fuel powder and air draught; form gas grain mixture; then the fuel powder of entrained air be gathered in bluff body 31 with Air Flow under air chamber 1 central axis a bit, gas grain for the second time occurs to be mixed.In bluff body 31 side wall surface upper areas for the first time the gas grain be mixed into premix, be in the del zone under 31 end of bluff body disc that the gas grain mixes for the second time.Gas grain immixture and the positive correlation of fuel disposal amount, i.e. fuel disposal amount is larger, and air mass flow is larger, and gas grain turbulent flow head-on collision immixture is stronger for the second time.Under 31 end of bluff body circle, " V " font air focuses on and the igniting design; gas grain hybrid position and reaction original position stably are fixed on near zone under bluff body 31; both guaranteed the stability of combustion reaction, guaranteed again that the fully required high-temperature combustion product of combustion reaction was along furnace height direction vertical stroke condition.Gas grain two-phase concentrates on tower central area flow design, can guarantee fuel powder, oxygen molecule and burning heat release high concentration, realized that conflagration reacts required dynamic conditions, finally improved oxygen utilization efficiency, reduce ash content carbon and carbon monoxide in flue gas content.In the gas grain mixes for the second time; between gas grain two-phase, a sharp impacts and action of turbulent flow two-phase that makes to bring about the desired sensation concentrates on the tower central area and flows downward; reduce high-temperature ash and stove internal face contact probability, avoided lime-ash to wash away the high temperature of stove internal face, extended the inner lining of furnace life-span.
Whole burner hearth is only installed a nozzle, and the burner hearth cavity diameter is little but highly high, and the furnace cavity utilization rate is high.
Invention architectural feature, technical characterictic and the technique effect brought are described in detail as follows:
Invention has the architectural feature of " prolongation of air duct center line intersects at air chamber 1 central axis ": the space between the bottom side wall 11 of accompanying drawing 1 air chamber 1 and the bottom side wall 21 of adjustment barrel 2 is air duct, and the prolongation of air duct center line intersects at air chamber 1 central axis.2 technical characterictics that this architectural feature is brought are: the one, and gas grain mixture is gathered in air chamber 1 central axis, by head-on collision and turbulent peptizaiton, forms gas grain mixing for the second time, effectively strengthens gas grain mixed process.Under bluff body 31, the del zone is high concentration fuel powder and the even Mixed Zone of oxygen molecule.Accompanying drawing 2 cooling jackets 5 and dispersion cone 61 Cutting process wind accumulation process, particularly cooling jacket 5 have been strengthened the power of mobilization vertically downward of technique wind so that form ring-type technique wind jet.Accompanying drawing 3 bluff bodies 9 cut off the gathering for the second time of gas grain mixture.The 2nd, flow in the mixture high concentration zone under the bluff body 31 of ignition pot 3 that makes to bring about the desired sensation, and guaranteed that conflagration reacts required dynamic conditions (fuel powder, oxygen molecule and burning heat release high concentration).Accompanying drawing 2 fine ore when disperseing pneumatic amount large is uniformly distributed in reaction tower, and accompanying drawing 3 fuel powders are uniformly distributed in stove.Two technique effects that this architectural feature and two technical characterictics cause are: the one, simplified burner structure, and improved burner processing performance driving economy.Low wet grain mixture surrounds bluff body 31, bluff body 31 and furnace high-temperature combustion-gas flow is separated to effective cooling protection bluff body 31.Save accompanying drawing 2 cooling jackets 5, simplified burner structure.Avoided the high temperature recirculation zone that zone exists under accompanying drawing 3 bluff bodies 9, high-temperature ash adhere to 9 end of bluff body disc and the scaling loss bluff body and reduction of service life problem, can save the cooling water pond structural design of disc below, 39 end of bluff body of accompanying drawing.Saved the large static pressure of accompanying drawing 2 and disperseed the wind supply, saved and disperseed to produce humorously cost.The 2nd, guaranteed burner energy-conserving and environment-protective performance.Accompanying drawing 1 oxygen molecule, fuel powder and exothermic heat of reaction high concentration, accelerated combustion velocity, strengthened combustion process.For accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing 3 make the combustion reaction reinforcing degree reduce because oxygen molecule, fine ore or fuel powder and burning heat release are uniformly distributed, and then have influence on economy and the discharge index of combustion process.
Invention has the architectural feature of " adjustment barrel 2 internal face diameters are 1.5 times of 31 end of bluff body disc diameter of ignition pot 3; 31 end of the bluff body disc edge line that the bottom side wall 21 of adjustment barrel 2 comprises ignition pot 3 to the inverted cone side of downward-extension ": accompanying drawing 1 adjustment barrel 2 internal face diameters are 1.5 times of 31 end of bluff body disc diameter, bluff body 31 moves up and down with adjustment barrel 2, but the bottom side wall 21 of adjustment barrel 2 comprises 31 end of bluff body disc edge line all the time to the inverted cone side of downward-extension.The technical characterictic that this structure is brought is that air that the fuel powder that gets off from fuel channel and air duct spray into is " V " font and mixes for the first time; be mixed into for the first time premix; mixed gas grain mixture is the inverted triangle zone under the air duct near bluff body 31 end rounded edge enters bluff body 31, carries out " V " font and mixes for the second time.The technique effect that this structure is brought: bluff body 31 can shift out adjustment barrel 2 without resistance.The little fuel channel inner chamber of bluff body is large, even occurred in practice that bluff body 31 high temperature deformations also are unlikely because bluff body 31 is stuck, causes organizing ordinary maintenance.The large fuel channel inner chamber of accompanying drawing 3 bluff body 9 is little, the maintenance work difficulty.
Invention has " gas grain premixed+gas grain mixture turbulent flow is assembled collisional mixing and disperseed " technical characterictic.Above-mentioned two architectural features have caused another technical characterictic of invention, i.e. gas grain premixed+gas grain mixture turbulent flow is assembled collisional mixing and disperseed.Invention has designed for the first time the gas grain at bluff body 31 side wall surface upper areas and has mixed, under bluff body 31 the inverted triangle zone design for the second time the gas grain mix, strengthened gas grain mixed process.This technical characterictic has formed 4 technique effects: the one, and the random immixture that relies on turbulent air flow to form has met the needs of inventing large fuel disposal amount industrial application, this hybrid mode, fuel disposal amount is large, and air mass flow is large, and turbulent flow head-on collision immixture is strong.The 2nd, be fixed on to gas grain hybrid position and combustion reaction original position all-the-time stable near zone under bluff body 31; fixed stove internal combustion product along furnace height direction vertical stroke condition, avoided accompanying drawing 2 nozzles gas grain under large inventory condition to mix variation and react original position and moved down problem.Accompanying drawing 2 nozzles are not suitable for the burning of large-scale combustion ability biomass powder and use.When accompanying drawing 2 nozzles strengthen inventory; ring-type technique wind momentum of impinging jet strengthens vertically downward; because dispersion wind momentum of impinging jet is little and quick decay; fine ore enters technique wind jet difficulty and strengthens; be difficult to solve “Ta center stock column+peripheral technique wind air curtain " etc. the gas grain mix problem of non-uniform; add that gas grain hybrid position moves down, while causing particle to flow down at the bottom of tower along the reaction tower height, reaction remains unfulfilled, and is prone to working of a furnace instability problems such as " raw material heaps ".The large static pressure of the large flow required during the large inventory of what is more important disperses the wind jet can't realize at the smelting scene because of economy and compressor capacity restriction.The 3rd, realized that " fuel, oxygen molecule, high temperature " three is concentrated, accelerated combustion process speed, improved invention commercial Application energy conservation and environmental protection benefit.The 4th, remove 3 pairs of reaction tower inner chambers of accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing or the requirement of burner hearth cavity major diameter, reduced lime-ash the high temperature of stove internal face has been washed away to probability.Accompanying drawing 2 only has the mixed once effect while disperseing wind and technique wind to intersect vertically, and accompanying drawing 3 only has once gas grain immixture of bluff body 9 side wall surface tops.
Powdery biomass fuel, the flammable mud of powdery and powdery low calorific value coal burner all can use the present invention.
Commerical test shows: invention manufacture and operating cost are low, simple in structure, and regulation and control are convenient; The working of a furnace is stable, under burner, without " raw material heap ", occurs, the working of a furnace is good, and inner lining of furnace is safe and reliable, failure rate is low; The burner productive potentialities are large, and production efficiency is high, and burning capacity is large; Burnout rate>99%, tail gas carbon monoxide content<0.1%.
Claims (1)
1. biomass powder burner, mainly comprise order suit and the air chamber (1) of central axis from outside to inside altogether, adjustment barrel (2) and ignition pot (3), space between adjustment barrel (2) and air chamber (1) is air duct, space between adjustment barrel (2) and ignition pot (3) is fuel channel, adjustment barrel (2) can move up and down, when moving down into position, the end, adjustment barrel (2) cuts off the air supply fully, ignition pot (3) bottom is for being the bluff body (31) of circular cone shape, be primarily characterized in that: the bottom side wall (11) of air chamber (1) is inversion type frustum of a cone side wall surface, bottom side wall (11) prolongation of air chamber (1) intersects at same point on air chamber (1) central axis, the bottom side wall (21) of adjustment barrel (2) is parallel with the bottom side wall (11) of air chamber (1), adjustment barrel (2) internal face diameter is 1.5 times of bluff body (31) end disc diameter, bluff body (31) end disc edge line that the bottom side wall (21) of adjustment barrel (2) comprises ignition pot (3) to the inverted cone side of downward-extension.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310405510.2A CN103471095B (en) | 2013-09-09 | 2013-09-09 | Biomass powder burner |
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| CN201310405510.2A CN103471095B (en) | 2013-09-09 | 2013-09-09 | Biomass powder burner |
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| CN103471095A true CN103471095A (en) | 2013-12-25 |
| CN103471095B CN103471095B (en) | 2016-04-27 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112368513A (en) * | 2018-04-06 | 2021-02-12 | 资科公司 | Low NOx burner and flow momentum enhancing device |
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| CN201331055Y (en) * | 2008-12-08 | 2009-10-21 | 浙江大学 | External combustion type rich oxygen ignition and ultra low load stable combustion pulverized coal burner |
| CN102358850A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-02-22 | 中南大学 | Dispersion gasifier of high-calorific value solid fuel |
| US20120228811A1 (en) * | 2009-10-19 | 2012-09-13 | Outotec Oyj | Method of feeding fuel gas into the reaction shaft of a suspension smelting furnace and a concentrate burner |
| CN102818265A (en) * | 2012-08-25 | 2012-12-12 | 张英华 | Application of heat-accumulating high-temperature air burning method in burner and burning furnace |
| CN103267282A (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2013-08-28 | 哈尔滨博深科技发展有限公司 | Rich-lean separated pulverized coal burner |
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| RU2049292C1 (en) * | 1991-08-13 | 1995-11-27 | Сибирский филиал Всероссийского теплотехнического научно-исследовательского института | Once-through pulverized-fuel burner |
| RU2364788C1 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2009-08-20 | Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Сибирский федеральный университет" (СФУ) | Burner device |
| CN201331055Y (en) * | 2008-12-08 | 2009-10-21 | 浙江大学 | External combustion type rich oxygen ignition and ultra low load stable combustion pulverized coal burner |
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| CN102358850A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-02-22 | 中南大学 | Dispersion gasifier of high-calorific value solid fuel |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112368513A (en) * | 2018-04-06 | 2021-02-12 | 资科公司 | Low NOx burner and flow momentum enhancing device |
| CN112368513B (en) * | 2018-04-06 | 2023-12-05 | 资科公司 | Low NOx burner and flow momentum enhancing device |
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| CN103471095B (en) | 2016-04-27 |
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