CN103466708A - Method for producing basic chrome sulphate with dichromiumtris (chromate) slag - Google Patents
Method for producing basic chrome sulphate with dichromiumtris (chromate) slag Download PDFInfo
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- CN103466708A CN103466708A CN2013103749417A CN201310374941A CN103466708A CN 103466708 A CN103466708 A CN 103466708A CN 2013103749417 A CN2013103749417 A CN 2013103749417A CN 201310374941 A CN201310374941 A CN 201310374941A CN 103466708 A CN103466708 A CN 103466708A
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- chromic acid
- sodium dichromate
- slag
- chromium sulfate
- basic chromium
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing basic chrome sulphate with dichromiumtris (chromate) slag. The method for producing basic chrome sulphate with the dichromiumtris (chromate) slag comprises the following steps of completely dissolving the dichromiumtris (chromate) slag with concentrated sulfuric acid, that is, adding 1.93t sulfuric acid per ton of Cr2O3 according to a Cr2O3 content in a raw material, adding 0.37-0.42t urea per ton of Cr2O3 to prepare a 10% urea solution and a 50% sodium bichromate solution, slowly adding the prepared urea solution and the sodium bichromate solution into acid soluble dichromiumtris (chromate) slag slurry, heating the slurry to be boiled, performing continuous reaction for 2-3h, filtering the reacted slurry, and after alkalinity of liquid basic chrome sulphate is detected to be qualified, obtaining a basic chrome sulphate finish product through a spray dryer. The method takes the waste dichromiumtris (chromate) slag as a raw material, is environment-friendly, saves resources, reduces unit consumption, produces obvious economic benefits, and provides an energy-saving, environment-friendly and synergetic novel production technology.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the chromium sulphate production technical field, relate in particular to a kind of method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate.
Background technology
Basic chromium sulfate is mainly used in leather retanning agent, and the quality of leather generally just is the quality of leather tanning agent and the technique of leather tanning agent processing, and basic chromium sulfate and sodium dichromate, chromic anhydride, chromoxide green are listed as the large range of product of chromic salts four;
The molecular formula of basic chromium sulfate means with following general formula: Cr (OH) n (SO4) 0.5 (3-n), when n=3, means chromium hydroxide (Cr(OH) 3), during n=0, be chromium sulphate (Cr
2(SO
4)
3), custom means basic chromium sulfate basicity by basicity, be also the per-cent that hydroxide radical in basic chromium sulfate (OH-) equivalents accounts for negatively charged ion total unit 3 in molecule, that is: basicity=n/3*100%, the basicity of commodity basic chromium sulfate is generally at 33-42%, be equivalent to equivalents n=1-1.3 hydroxy in molecule, when during n=1, basicity is 33%, n=1.3, basicity is 42%;
Traditional basic chromium sulfate production method directly be take sodium dichromate and sucrose and is produced as raw material, and unit consumption is high, and environmental benefit is low, is unfavorable for energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate, is intended to solve the unit consumption that traditional basic chromium sulfate production method exists high, and environmental benefit is low, is unfavorable for the problem of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate, and this method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate comprises the following steps:
Step 1, be dissolved the chromic acid chromium slag entirely with vitriol oil acid, according to Cr in raw material
2o
3content, the sulfuric acid quality that Cr2O3 per ton need add is 1.93 tons;
Step 2, Cr per ton
2o
3the urea quality that need add is 0.37~0.42 ton, configures 10% urea soln and 50% sodium dichromate solution;
Step 3, slowly add the urea soln and the sodium dichromate solution that configure in the molten chromic acid chromium slag charge liquid of acid;
Step 4, the heating feed liquid is to boiling, and successive reaction 2~3 hours;
Step 5, filter completely reacted feed liquid, detect liquid basic chromium sulfate basicity qualified after, obtain the basic chromium sulfate finished product by spray-dryer.
Further, in step 2,1.3~1.5 times of configuration urea solns of the theoretical amount of the basic chromium sulfate that urea quality generates according to reaction, sodium dichromate can be the sodium dichromate finished product, also the sodium dichromate 99 feed liquid of available sodium dichromate production process middle and high concentration.
Further, in step 3, the add-on of chromic acid chromium slag and the add-on of the sodium dichromate ratio of 1:1 in mass ratio add.
Further, this method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate comprises the following steps:
The first step, by 500Kg chromic acid chromium slag, Cr
2o
3content: 8.58%, with 610Kg industry vitriol oil content 93.5%, acid is dissolved entirely;
Second step, be dissolved into 110Kg urea in 1100Kg water and be configured to urea soln, and the 500Kg sodium dichromate is dissolved in 1000Kg water and is configured to sodium dichromate solution;
The 3rd step, slowly join the urea soln and the sodium dichromate solution that configure in the solvent chromic acid chromium slag charge liquid of acid;
The 4th step, the heating feed liquid is to boiling, and successive reaction 2 hours;
The 5th step, filter completely reacted feed liquid, and filtrate is liquid basic chromium sulfate, detect liquid basic chromium sulfate basicity qualified after, obtain the basic chromium sulfate finished product by spray-dryer.
Further, this method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate comprises the following steps:
The first step, by 500Kg chromic acid chromium slag, Cr
2o
3content: 8.58%, with 615Kg industry vitriol oil content 93.5%, acid is dissolved entirely;
Second step, be dissolved into 119Kg urea in 1190Kg water and be configured to urea soln, and the 500Kg sodium dichromate is dissolved in 1000Kg water and is configured to sodium dichromate solution;
The 3rd step, slowly join the urea soln and the sodium dichromate solution that configure in the solvent chromic acid chromium slag charge liquid of acid;
The 4th step, the heating feed liquid is to boiling, and successive reaction 2.5 hours;
The 5th step, filter completely reacted feed liquid, and filtrate is liquid basic chromium sulfate, detect liquid basic chromium sulfate basicity qualified after, obtain the basic chromium sulfate finished product by spray-dryer.
Further, this method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate comprises the following steps:
The first step, by 500Kg chromic acid chromium slag, Cr
2o
3content: 8.58%, with 93.5% acid of 620Kg industry vitriol oil content, be dissolved entirely;
Second step, be dissolved into 125Kg urea in 1250Kg water and be configured to urea soln, the sodium dichromate acidizing fluid 400L that a sodium dichromate 99 content of picking up the car is 1250g/l, then add 800Kg water to be diluted to sodium dichromate solution;
The 3rd step, slowly join the urea soln and the sodium dichromate solution that configure in the solvent chromic acid chromium slag charge liquid of acid;
The 4th step, the heating feed liquid is to boiling, and successive reaction 3 hours;
The 5th step, filter completely reacted feed liquid, and filtrate is liquid basic chromium sulfate, detect liquid basic chromium sulfate basicity qualified after, obtain the basic chromium sulfate finished product by spray-dryer.
Further, this method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate makes by the arbitrary described preparation method of claim 1-6.
The method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate provided by the invention, by take the useless chromic acid chromium slag of part as raw material replaces the part sodium dichromate on the basis of former technique, replace sucrose with urea, reduce unit consumption with this, produce again environmental benefit, played positive energy-saving and emission-reduction exemplary role.In addition, it is raw material that the chromic acid chromium slag of discarding is take in the present invention, has both solved environmental issue, and saving resource, reduce unit consumption again, produces obvious economic benefit, and the novel production process of a kind of energy-saving and environmental protection, synergy is provided.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the chromic acid chromium slag that utilizes that the embodiment of the present invention provides is produced the schema of the method for basic chromium sulfate.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the flow process of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce the method for basic chromium sulfate provided by the invention.For convenience of explanation, only show part related to the present invention.
The chromic acid chromium slag that utilizes of the embodiment of the present invention is produced the method for basic chromium sulfate, and this method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate comprises the following steps:
Step 1, be dissolved the chromic acid chromium slag entirely with vitriol oil acid, according to Cr in raw material
2o
3content, the sulfuric acid quality that Cr2O3 per ton need add is 1.93 tons;
Step 2, Cr per ton
2o
3the urea quality that need add is 0.37~0.42 ton, configures 10% urea soln and 50% sodium dichromate solution;
Step 3, slowly add the urea soln and the sodium dichromate solution that configure in the molten chromic acid chromium slag charge liquid of acid;
Step 4, the heating feed liquid is to boiling, and successive reaction 2~3 hours;
Step 5, filter completely reacted feed liquid, detect liquid basic chromium sulfate basicity qualified after, obtain the basic chromium sulfate finished product by spray-dryer.
A prioritization scheme as the embodiment of the present invention, in step 2,1.3~1.5 times of configuration urea solns of the theoretical amount of the basic chromium sulfate that urea quality generates according to reaction, sodium dichromate can be the sodium dichromate finished product, also the sodium dichromate 99 feed liquid of available sodium dichromate production process middle and high concentration.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, the add-on of chromic acid chromium slag and the add-on of the sodium dichromate ratio of 1:1 in mass ratio add.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, application principle of the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the method for utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate of the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
S101: the chromic acid chromium slag is dissolved entirely with vitriol oil acid, according to Cr in raw material
2o
3content, the sulfuric acid quality that Cr2O3 per ton need add is 1.93 tons;
S102: Cr per ton
2o
3the urea quality that need add is 0.37~0.42 ton, configures 10% urea soln and 50% sodium dichromate solution;
S103: the urea soln and the sodium dichromate solution that configure are slowly added in the molten chromic acid chromium slag charge liquid of acid;
S104: the heating feed liquid is to boiling, and successive reaction 2~3 hours;
S105: filter completely reacted feed liquid, detect liquid basic chromium sulfate basicity qualified after, obtain the basic chromium sulfate finished product by spray-dryer.
Concrete steps of the present invention are:
Step 1, be dissolved the chromic acid chromium slag entirely with vitriol oil acid; The theoretical amount of the basic chromium sulfate that the vitriol oil quality added generates according to reaction adds sulfuric acid, according to Cr in raw material
2o
3content, Cr per ton
2o
3the sulfuric acid quality that need add is 1.93 tons.
Step 2,1.3~1.5 times of configuration urea solns of the theoretical amount of the basic chromium sulfate that urea quality generates according to reaction, according to Cr in raw material
2o
3content, Cr per ton
2o
3the urea quality that need add is 0.37~0.42 ton.The urea soln of configuration 10% and 50% sodium dichromate solution; Sodium dichromate can be the sodium dichromate finished product, also the sodium dichromate 99 feed liquid of available sodium dichromate production process middle and high concentration;
Step 3, slowly add the urea soln and the sodium dichromate solution that configure in the molten chromic acid chromium slag charge liquid of acid; The add-on of chromic acid chromium slag and the add-on of the sodium dichromate ratio of 1:1 in mass ratio add;
Step 4, the heating feed liquid is to boiling, and successive reaction 2~3 hours;
Step 5, filter completely reacted feed liquid, and filtrate is liquid basic chromium sulfate, detect liquid basic chromium sulfate basicity qualified after, obtain the basic chromium sulfate finished product by spray-dryer.Industry basic chromium sulfate standard is as shown in table 1:
The industrial basic chromium sulfate standard of table 1:
The specific embodiment of the present invention:
Embodiment 1
The first step, by 500Kg chromic acid chromium slag (Cr
2o
3content: 8.58%) be dissolved entirely with the acid of the 610Kg industry vitriol oil (content 93.5%);
Second step, be dissolved into 110Kg urea in 1100Kg water and be configured to urea soln, and the 500Kg sodium dichromate is dissolved in 1000Kg water and is configured to sodium dichromate solution;
The 3rd step, slowly join the urea soln and the sodium dichromate solution that configure in the solvent chromic acid chromium slag charge liquid of acid;
The 4th step, the heating feed liquid is to boiling, and successive reaction 2 hours;
The 5th step, filter completely reacted feed liquid, and filtrate is liquid basic chromium sulfate, detect liquid basic chromium sulfate basicity qualified after, obtain the basic chromium sulfate finished product by spray-dryer.Finished product total analysis result is as follows:
Content | Basicity | Iron | Water-insoluble | Sexavalent chrome |
21.85% | 40.19% | 0.089% | 0.091% | 0.00030% |
Through check, product meets basic chromium sulfate II series products standard.
Embodiment 2
The first step, by 500Kg chromic acid chromium slag (Cr
2o
3content: 8.58%) be dissolved entirely with the acid of the 615Kg industry vitriol oil (content 93.5%);
Second step, be dissolved into 119Kg urea in 1190Kg water and be configured to urea soln, and the 500Kg sodium dichromate is dissolved in 1000Kg water and is configured to sodium dichromate solution;
The 3rd step, slowly join the urea soln and the sodium dichromate solution that configure in the solvent chromic acid chromium slag charge liquid of acid;
The 4th step, the heating feed liquid is to boiling, and successive reaction 2.5 hours;
The 5th step, filter completely reacted feed liquid, and filtrate is liquid basic chromium sulfate, detect liquid basic chromium sulfate basicity qualified after, obtain the basic chromium sulfate finished product by spray-dryer.Finished product total analysis result is as follows:
Content | Basicity | Iron | Water-insoluble | Sexavalent chrome |
22.08% | 37.25% | 0.092% | 0.096% | 0.00026% |
Through check, product meets basic chromium sulfate II series products standard.
Embodiment 3
The first step, by 500Kg chromic acid chromium slag (Cr
2o
3content: 8.58%) be dissolved entirely with the acid of the 620Kg industry vitriol oil (content 93.5%);
Second step, be dissolved into 125Kg urea in 1250Kg water and be configured to urea soln, the sodium dichromate acidizing fluid 400L that a sodium dichromate 99 content of picking up the car is 1250g/l, then add 800Kg water to be diluted to sodium dichromate solution;
The 3rd step, slowly join the urea soln and the sodium dichromate solution that configure in the solvent chromic acid chromium slag charge liquid of acid;
The 4th step, the heating feed liquid is to boiling, and successive reaction 3 hours;
The 5th step, filter completely reacted feed liquid, and filtrate is liquid basic chromium sulfate, detect liquid basic chromium sulfate basicity qualified after, obtain the basic chromium sulfate finished product by spray-dryer.
Finished product total analysis result is as follows:
Content | Basicity | Iron | Water-insoluble | Sexavalent chrome |
23.06% | 35.62% | 0.090% | 0.085% | 0.00020% |
Through check, product meets basic chromium sulfate II series products standard.
Principle of work of the present invention is:
The present invention be take the useless chromic acid chromium slag of part as raw material replaces the part sodium dichromate on the basis of former technique, with urea, replaces sucrose, with this, reduces unit consumption, produces again environmental benefit, has played positive " energy-saving and emission-reduction " exemplary role.Chromic acid chromium slag in the present invention is originated and is that raw material production basic chromium sulfate reaction principle is as follows with the chromic acid chromium slag:
1, the generation of chromic acid chromium:
The sodium pyrosulfate suspension liquid has acidifying, precipitation and precipitation to transform three parts with reacting of vanadium removal liquid:
2Na2CrO4+NaHSO4==Na2Cr2O7+2Na2SO4+H2O ①
Water-soluble chromium sulphate (Cr2(SO4) 3 in sodium pyrosulfate) or bisulphate chromium (Cr(HSO4) 3) react with Sodium chromate and generate chromic acid chromium (Cr2O3 ﹒ CrO3 ﹒ xH2O).
2Cr2(SO4)3+Na2CrO4+(x+5)H2O==2Cr2O3﹒CrO3﹒xH2O+2NaHSO4+4H2SO4 ②
4Cr(HSO4)3+Na2CrO4+(x+5)H2O==2Cr2O3﹒CrO3﹒xH2O+2NaHSO4+10H2SO4 ③
Water-insoluble chromium sodium sulphate (Na3Cr(SO4) 3 in sodium pyrosulfate) change the more chromic acid chromium of indissoluble into:
4Na3Cr(SO4)3+Na2CrO4+(x+5)H2O==2Cr2O3﹒CrO3﹒xH2O+10NaHSO4+2H2SO4 ④
Because of the chromium sodium sulphate indissoluble, therefore the above formula conversion rate is slower.
2, the production of basic chromium sulfate:
Replace the sodium dichromate 99 mother liquor with the chromic acid chromium slag, use sulfuric acid acidation, add saltcake and regulate chromium content and basicity, then add the Urea reduction, finally spraying drying and the powdery basic chromium sulfate made.The main chemical reactions equation is:
2Cr2O3﹒CrO3﹒xH2O+H2SO4==Cr2(SO4)3+H2Cr2O7+xH2O ⑤
8Na2Cr2O7﹒2H2O+24H2SO4+C12H22O11==16Cr(OH)SO4+12CO2+29H2O+8Na2SO4 ⑥
It is raw material that the chromic acid chromium slag of discarding is take in the present invention, has both solved environmental issue, and saving resource, reduce unit consumption again, produces obvious economic benefit, and the novel production process of a kind of energy-saving and environmental protection, synergy is provided.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate, is characterized in that, this method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate comprises the following steps:
Step 1, be dissolved the chromic acid chromium slag entirely with vitriol oil acid, according to Cr in raw material
2o
3content, the sulfuric acid quality that Cr2O3 per ton need add is 1.93 tons;
Step 2, Cr per ton
2o
3the urea quality that need add is 0.37~0.42 ton, configures 10% urea soln and 50% sodium dichromate solution;
Step 3, slowly add the urea soln and the sodium dichromate solution that configure in the molten chromic acid chromium slag charge liquid of acid;
Step 4, the heating feed liquid is to boiling, and successive reaction 2~3 hours;
Step 5, filter completely reacted feed liquid, detect liquid basic chromium sulfate basicity qualified after, obtain the basic chromium sulfate finished product by spray-dryer.
2. the method for utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step 2,1.3~1.5 times of configuration urea solns of the theoretical amount of the basic chromium sulfate that urea quality generates according to reaction, sodium dichromate can be the sodium dichromate finished product, also the sodium dichromate 99 feed liquid of available sodium dichromate production process middle and high concentration.
3. the method for utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 3, the add-on of chromic acid chromium slag and the add-on of the sodium dichromate ratio of 1:1 in mass ratio add.
4. the method for utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, this method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate comprises the following steps:
The first step, by 500Kg chromic acid chromium slag, Cr
2o
3content: 8.58%, with 610Kg industry vitriol oil content 93.5%, acid is dissolved entirely;
Second step, be dissolved into 110Kg urea in 1100Kg water and be configured to urea soln, and the 500Kg sodium dichromate is dissolved in 1000Kg water and is configured to sodium dichromate solution;
The 3rd step, slowly join the urea soln and the sodium dichromate solution that configure in the solvent chromic acid chromium slag charge liquid of acid;
The 4th step, the heating feed liquid is to boiling, and successive reaction 2 hours;
The 5th step, filter completely reacted feed liquid, and filtrate is liquid basic chromium sulfate, detect liquid basic chromium sulfate basicity qualified after, obtain the basic chromium sulfate finished product by spray-dryer.
5. the method for utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, this method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate comprises the following steps:
The first step, by 500Kg chromic acid chromium slag, Cr
2o
3content: 8.58%, with 615Kg industry vitriol oil content 93.5%, acid is dissolved entirely;
Second step, be dissolved into 119Kg urea in 1190Kg water and be configured to urea soln, and the 500Kg sodium dichromate is dissolved in 1000Kg water and is configured to sodium dichromate solution;
The 3rd step, slowly join the urea soln and the sodium dichromate solution that configure in the solvent chromic acid chromium slag charge liquid of acid;
The 4th step, the heating feed liquid is to boiling, and successive reaction 2.5 hours;
The 5th step, filter completely reacted feed liquid, and filtrate is liquid basic chromium sulfate, detect liquid basic chromium sulfate basicity qualified after, obtain the basic chromium sulfate finished product by spray-dryer.
6. the method for utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, this method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate comprises the following steps:
The first step, by 500Kg chromic acid chromium slag, Cr
2o
3content: 8.58%, with 93.5% acid of 620Kg industry vitriol oil content, be dissolved entirely;
Second step, be dissolved into 125Kg urea in 1250Kg water and be configured to urea soln, the sodium dichromate acidizing fluid 400L that a sodium dichromate 99 content of picking up the car is 1250g/l, then add 800Kg water to be diluted to sodium dichromate solution;
The 3rd step, slowly join the urea soln and the sodium dichromate solution that configure in the solvent chromic acid chromium slag charge liquid of acid;
The 4th step, the heating feed liquid is to boiling, and successive reaction 3 hours;
The 5th step, filter completely reacted feed liquid, and filtrate is liquid basic chromium sulfate, detect liquid basic chromium sulfate basicity qualified after, obtain the basic chromium sulfate finished product by spray-dryer.
7. the method for utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate as described as claim 1-6, is characterized in that, this method of utilizing the chromic acid chromium slag to produce basic chromium sulfate makes by the arbitrary described preparation method of claim 1-6.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103936073A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-23 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing basic chrome sulphate by magnochromite sulphuric acid leaching solution |
CN104609473A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-05-13 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Method for preparing basic chromium sulfate from chromium phosphate |
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JPS5365291A (en) * | 1976-11-25 | 1978-06-10 | Showa Denko Kk | Production of basic chromium sulfate |
US4332584A (en) * | 1979-04-20 | 1982-06-01 | Systems Consultants, Inc. | Recovery of potential energy and chromium values from leather tannery wastes |
CN1099727A (en) * | 1993-09-01 | 1995-03-08 | 中国科技开发院化工开发所 | Making method for basic chromium sulfate |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103936073A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-23 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing basic chrome sulphate by magnochromite sulphuric acid leaching solution |
CN103936073B (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-09-30 | 东北大学 | A kind of magnochromite sulphuric leachate produces the method for basic chromium sulfate |
CN104609473A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-05-13 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Method for preparing basic chromium sulfate from chromium phosphate |
CN104609473B (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2016-08-24 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Method for preparing basic chromium sulfate from chromium phosphate |
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