The converter of a kind of external-heat low-temperature carbonization
Technical field
The present invention relates to the converter of a kind of external-heat low-temperature carbonization, mainly for the production of isolated air heating such as ature of coal, wooden, pitch, resins, to outlet temperature 300-600 ℃, make its pyrolysis obtain the device of carbonized material or pyrolysis product.
Background technology
Low-temperature carbonization is to produce one of important procedure in the gac process, and this process is heating raw materials, and non-carbon is reduced, and to produce the operation that is applicable to the needed carbonaceous material of activation procedure, is the master operation before activation.
The charring furnace of producing at present gac mainly contains internal heat type and external-heat, what most of enterprise still adopted is internal heat type charing converter, there are a lot of problems in this stove in actual production: as internal heat type charing converter high-temperature flue gas directly enters in stove, with material, directly contact, and mix with the volatile matter gas that the material pyrolysis produces, if missing of ignition in stove, in stove, volatile matter gas (tar and gas mixture) is easy to blast, if catch fire in stove, material will be ablated, and the charring process temperature is uncontrollable in claimed range, material strength and void distribution will be destroyed, and the material surface can should be excess Temperature and surperficial coking, greying, the activation procedure that is unfavorable for next step, due to the coal particle of material and cohere the ablated destruction of skeleton, and cause the product yield to descend.And this kind of internal heat type charring furnace is the monotubular structure, and it is too high that this structure can cause material to be piled up in stove, and the material sliding velocity is too fast, cause material impact power ambassador material broken too many before uncured, the product yield declines to a great extent.
Therefore, the internal heat type charring furnace is not suitable for the production high quality active carbon, and technical process is seriously polluted, the safety performance extreme difference, and the starting material loss is large, is not suitable with scale operation, can not adapt to gac fast development and customer demand.
The external-heat charring furnace does not contact material with high-temp waste gas, naked light and air, the volatile matter gas of material pyrolysis is not also together with high-temp waste gas and air mixed, so can not cause catching fire in blast and material channel, material is without ablation, and yield is high; Charing outlet temperature and temperature gradient distribution can be controlled, and material can be according to optimum technological temperature production, and the product strength of producing is high, and initial void distribution is good.The charring furnace of many material channels structure, can make the solid accumulation height reduce, and material rolling speed when rotating with body of heater reduced, and product breakage is reduced; The external-heat charring furnace of many material channels structure has increased the heating surface area of material, material is heated more even, and the thermo-efficiency of body of heater improves.
Therefore, the external-heat charring furnace becomes the trend and direction of development, domestic known public technology has: the Chinese invention patent specification sheets disclosed a kind of " the energy saving and environment friendly revolution charring furnace of external heat " (notification number: CN102092706B) on December 13rd, 2010, it has advantages of above-mentioned external-heat charring furnace, but because there is following critical defect in it, so can't drop into suitability for industrialized production:
1. because material channel adopts, link of boards is fixing forms an integral body, by an end, fix, the other end with the mode of freely-supported by structure, this kind of structure is only applicable to the shorter external-heat charring furnace of diameter smaller length; If charring furnace enlarged diameter length lengthens, this kind of structure can be because material channel be become whole rear weight excessive by link of boards, two pivot and longs are spent long and cause the stress in bending of material channel significantly to increase, reduced the permissible stress of material under the condition of high temperature due to material channel, when stress in bending is less than the permissible stress at the temperature of material channel material in processing requirement, will fracture, cause this patent to use in suitability for industrialized production.
2. only be provided with the material channel tightness system one at discharging tube sheet place, when normal production, the volatile matter gas that can't play in isolated discharging cover enters body of heater inside, cause equipment and process pipe to stop up, cause a large amount of contaminative tobacco (its composition is tar and coal gas) to discharge contaminate environment, and have the potential safety hazard of blast.
3. if material channel adopts non-circular closed cross-section, make material form local quick landing in the body of heater rotation process, so surging force is large, cause the material fragmentation of producing, affect quality product.
4. the material of not strengthening can be shed and caused fragmentation at the flight of low-temperature zone, and in high temperature section, flight is not set, can make the inhomogeneous of material pyrolysis, the serious quality that affects product.
5. when the inner heating of body of heater, can make skin temperature too high and produce distortion, cause equipment normally to use.
In sum, existing external-heat charring furnace all can not drop into suitability for industrialized production, even and when producing among a small circle, still there is unstable product quality in poor stability, production process, have environmental pollution, therefore, the gac suitability for industrialized production needs that a kind of reliability is high, the external-heat charring furnace of constant product quality, safety and environmental protection, but has no report in prior art.
Summary of the invention
For solving problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly be applicable to that industrialization is produced continuously, reliability is high, the external-heat low-temperature carbonization converter of constant product quality, safety and environmental protection.
For achieving the above object, the technique means that the present invention takes is: the converter of a kind of external-heat low-temperature carbonization, comprise body of heater and be arranged on the outer transmission rig of body of heater, it is characterized in that: described body of heater comprises the outer shell connected successively, thermal insulation layer, the furnace wall that inner shell forms, be arranged on the feed mechanism and the discharging mechanism that is arranged on the other end of furnace wall one end, described feed mechanism comprises feed-pipe, the fixing feed plate of feed-pipe, be arranged under feed plate and be fixed on the charging cover on body of heater, be fixed on the charging flight on charging cover inner side-wall, be arranged on charging cover below and be fixed on the charging tube sheet on body of heater, described escape pipe is arranged on the middle part of charging tube sheet, described discharging mechanism comprises the discharging tube sheet, the seal assembly that are arranged on body of heater, be fixed on sealed pipe plate on seal assembly, be positioned at the discharging cover after sealed pipe plate, at the middle part of discharging tube sheet, is provided with inlet pipe, is provided with the inlet pipe joint after inlet pipe, be provided with material channel between described charging tube sheet and discharging tube sheet, in the material channel near discharging tube sheet place, near the inner shell side, be provided with material delivering plate, be provided with at least one interceptor and sliding support tube sheet in described body of heater, sliding support tube sheet connected with outer casing layer, be provided with the inner core expansion joint with the inner shell junction.
Further, described body of heater is cylindrical tube, and the described outer transmission rig of body of heater that is arranged on comprises the rolling ring that is arranged on the body of heater outside surface, sprocket wheel, the rolling assembly be connected with rolling ring, the driven unit be connected with sprocket wheel.
Further, two metal pipe structure material channels at least are set in described body of heater, described material channel is uniformly distributed along concentric(al) circles with the body of heater central axis; Described charging flight is corresponding one by one according to certain angle with material channel, on the charging flight, is provided with blocking material plate, and blocking material plate and charging flight angle are 60 °-120 °.
Further, be outside equipped with at described escape pipe the escape pipe joint be tightly connected by lock packing.
Further, described seal assembly comprises Expansion sealing filler, seal cartridge, sealing-ring, and seal cartridge is fixed on the discharging tube sheet, and is enclosed within outside each material channel, and the gap between the pore of itself and material channel and discharging tube sheet seals with lock packing; One end of sealing-ring is fixed on body of heater together with the discharging tube sheet, the other end is fixed on sealed pipe plate, the Expansion sealing filler is arranged on by discharging tube sheet, sealing-ring, sealed pipe plate and is fixed in the annular space that the inlet pipe on the discharging tube sheet surrounds, and material channel is carried out to environmental sealing; The discharging cover forms and is tightly connected by lock packing and sealing-ring, inlet pipe.
Further, material channel is welded and fixed at feed end and charging tube sheet, and at charging tube sheet and material channel junction, gusset welding reinforcement is set; The sliding support Tube-sheet Welding is fixed on the inboard of outer shell, on the sliding support tube sheet, arranges porosely, and the metal tube of material channel leaves gap through Qie Yu hole, this hole inwall; Gap between material channel and discharging tube sheet adopts two-layer sealing, and one deck is the lock packing sealing, and lock packing is high temperature resistant packing class material, and lock packing is contained between seal cartridge and material channel; Another layer adopts the Expansion sealing packing seal, and the Expansion sealing filler adopts high temperature resistant soft material; The Expansion sealing filler is contained in the annular inside that discharging tube sheet, sealing-ring, sealed pipe plate and inlet pipe surround, and is wrapped in the outside of material channel.
Further, the lagging material of described thermal insulation layer adopts compressible soft lagging material.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: because the design of feed mechanism, discharging mechanism and body of heater is ingenious, make in material channel material be heated and without burning, interceptor makes heat trend towards material channel, sliding support tube sheet and inner core expansion joint, the potential safety hazard in producing has been eliminated in the cooperation of discharging tube sheet and seal assembly, make that the Whole Equipment reliability is high, safety and environmental protection, the quality of material of producing is stable, and can continuous industrial production.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with view and embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
The A-A that Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 of the present invention is to sectional view.
The enlarged view that Fig. 3 is Fig. 1 partial view B of the present invention;
The enlarged view that Fig. 4 is Fig. 1 partial view C of the present invention;
The enlarged view that Fig. 5 is charging flight of the present invention.
In figure: 1, the escape pipe joint, 2, escape pipe, 3, feed-pipe, 4, feed plate, 5, the charging cover, 6, the charging flight, 7, the charging tube sheet, 8, gusset, 9, outer shell, 10, thermal insulation layer, 11, inner shell, 12, material channel, 13, rolling ring, 14, sprocket wheel, 15, interceptor, 16, the inner core expansion joint, 17, the sliding support tube sheet, 18, material delivering plate, 19, the discharging tube sheet, 20, the Expansion sealing filler, 21, seal cartridge, 22, sealing-ring, 23, sealed pipe plate, 24, the discharging cover, 25, inlet pipe, 26, the inlet pipe joint, 27, lock packing, 28, driven unit, 29, rolling assembly, 30, blocking material plate.
Embodiment
As Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, a kind of external-heat low-temperature carbonization converter shown in 5, comprise body of heater and be arranged on the outer transmission rig of body of heater, it is characterized in that: described body of heater comprises the outer shell 9 connected successively, thermal insulation layer 10, the furnace wall that inner shell 11 forms, be arranged on the feed mechanism and the discharging mechanism that is arranged on the other end of furnace wall one end, described feed mechanism comprises feed-pipe 3, the fixing feed plate 4 of feed-pipe, be arranged under feed plate and be fixed on the charging cover 5 on body of heater, be fixed on the charging flight 6 on charging cover inner side-wall, be arranged on charging cover below and be fixed on the charging tube sheet 7 on body of heater, described escape pipe 2 is arranged on the middle part of charging tube sheet, described discharging mechanism comprises the discharging tube sheet 19, the seal assembly that are arranged on body of heater, be fixed on sealed pipe plate 23 on seal assembly, be positioned at the discharging cover 24 after sealed pipe plate, be provided with inlet pipe 25 at the middle part of discharging tube sheet 19, be provided with inlet pipe joint 26 after inlet pipe, be provided with material channel 12 between described charging tube sheet 7 and discharging tube sheet 19, in the material channel near discharging tube sheet place, near the inner shell side, be provided with material delivering plate 18, be provided with at least one interceptor 15 and sliding support tube sheet 17 in described body of heater, sliding support tube sheet 17 connected with outer casing layers 9, be provided with inner core expansion joint 16 with inner shell 11 junctions.
Inner core expansion joint 16 is fixed on the flange of sliding support tube sheet 17 inboards, inner housing 11 is inserted between inner core expansion joint 16 and thermal insulation layer 10, inner housing 11 is what disconnect in inner core expansion joint 16 positions, and leave gap, when being heated, can between inner core expansion joint 16 and thermal insulation layer 10, realize inner housing 11 that like this axial expansion shrinks.Inlet pipe joint 26 does not rotate with body of heater, and it forms sealing by lock packing 27 and the inlet pipe 25 of rotating with body of heater.
Described body of heater is cylindrical tube, and the described outer transmission rig of body of heater that is arranged on comprises the rolling ring 13 that is arranged on the body of heater outside surface, sprocket wheel 14, the rolling assembly 29 be connected with rolling ring 13, the driven unit 28 be connected with sprocket wheel 14; Body of heater is supported on rolling assembly 29 by rolling ring 13, and driven unit 28, by the sprocket wheel 14 on the chain-driving body of heater, is done turning motion thereby drive body of heater around the body of heater axle center.
Two metal pipe structure material channels 12 at least are set in described body of heater, and described material channel 12 is uniformly distributed along concentric(al) circles with the body of heater central axis; Described charging flight 6 is corresponding one by one according to certain angle with material channel 12, is welded with blocking material plate 30 on charging flight 6, and blocking material plate 30 is 60 °-120 ° with charging flight 6 angles.
Be outside equipped with the escape pipe joint 1 be tightly connected by lock packing at described escape pipe 2; Escape pipe 2 is fixed on charging tube sheet 7, and charging tube sheet 7 and charging cover 5 are fixed on an end of body of heater, with body of heater, together around the body of heater axle center, do turning motion; Charging flight 6 is fixed on charging cover 5 inner side-walls, and material channel 12 is corresponding one by one, and the charging flight is equipped with blocking material plate 30 on 6 opposite side edges; Escape pipe joint 1 does not rotate with body of heater, and it forms sealing by lock packing 27 and the escape pipe 2 that rotates with body of heater.
Described seal assembly comprises Expansion sealing filler 20, seal cartridge 21, sealing-ring 22, seal cartridge 21 is fixed on discharging tube sheet 19, and be enclosed within outside each material channel 12 lock packing 27 sealings for the gap between the pore of itself and material channel 12 and discharging tube sheet 19; One end of sealing-ring 22 is fixed on body of heater together with discharging tube sheet 19, the other end is fixed on sealed pipe plate 23, Expansion sealing filler 20 is arranged on by discharging tube sheet 19, sealing-ring 22, sealed pipe plate 23 and is fixed in the annular space that the inlet pipe 25 on discharging tube sheet 19 surrounds, and material channel 12 is carried out to environmental sealing; Discharging cover 24 forms and is tightly connected by lock packing 27 and sealing-ring 22, inlet pipe 25; Discharging cover 24 does not rotate with body of heater, and it forms sealing by lock packing 27 and the sealing-ring 22 rotated with body of heater, inlet pipe 25.
Material channel 12 is welded and fixed at feed end and charging tube sheet 7, and at charging tube sheet 7 and material channel 12 junctions, gusset 8 welding reinforcements is set; Sliding support tube sheet 17 is weldingly fixed on the inboard of outer shell 9, on sliding support tube sheet 17, arranges porosely, and the metal tube of material channel 12 leaves gap through Qie Yu hole, this hole inwall; Gap between material channel 12 and discharging tube sheet 19 adopts two-layer sealing, and one deck is lock packing 27 sealings, and lock packing 27 is high temperature resistant packing class material, and lock packing 27 is contained between seal cartridge 21 and material channel 12; Another layer adopts 20 sealings of Expansion sealing filler, and Expansion sealing filler 20 adopts high temperature resistant soft material; Expansion sealing filler 20 is contained in the annular inside that discharging tube sheet 19, sealing-ring 22, sealed pipe plate 23 and inlet pipe 25 surround, and is wrapped in the outside of material channel 12; Volatile matter gas in blocking-up discharging cover 24 enters into body of heater inside by the gap between material channel 12 and discharging tube sheet 19, has stopped to cause obstruction and the discharge " tobacco " of processing unit and pipeline.
The lagging material of described thermal insulation layer 10 adopts compressible soft lagging material, when inner shell 11 is heated, can realize the radial swelling contraction by the extruding lagging material.Owing to adopting soft thermal insulation layer design, inner shell 11 can be shunk in free radial swelling, and the inner core expansion joint 16 that on inner shell 11, segmentation is installed shrinks its axial free expansion; Thermal insulation layer 10 separates heat and outer shell 9 in body of heater, guarantees that outer shell 9 can not cause distortion because of excess Temperature; Body of heater internal condition physical length and warm area arrange one or more interceptors 15, fully heat are divided to material channel 12.
Technical process in using production process:
Material is by feed-pipe 3, enter into charging cover 5 through charging tube sheet 7, material is copied equably in material channel 12 by the charging flight 6 be fixed in charging cover 5 in the charging cover 5 rotated, be heated in the material channel 12 volatile matter gas of pyrolysis of material and material is entered in discharging cover 24 by the other end of material channel 12, material after pyrolysis is discharged by the discharge port of discharging cover 24 bottoms, and the volatile matter gas that pyrolysis produces is drawn by the mouth of pipe on discharging cover 24 tops.
High-temp waste gas by inlet pipe joint 26 away from the body of heater side, be incorporated into body of heater inside through the inlet pipe 25 be fixed on discharging tube sheet 19, waste gas provides the heat of pyrolysis indirectly to material channel 12 interior materials by the mode of heating material channel 12,1 road or multiple tracks interceptor 15 flow-disturbings that waste gas is fixed in body of heater pass through to the direction near material channel 12, after having heated material channel 12, waste gas, by being fixed on the escape pipe 2 on charging tube sheet 7, is drawn away from the body of heater side at escape pipe joint 1.
Material channel 12 is comprised of 2 and above steel pipe, and each material channel is absolute construction; The interior high temperature section near discharge end of material channel 12 is equipped with material delivering plate 18, and the length of material delivering plate 18 and height are determined by the character of material, and material delivering plate 18 is weldingly fixed in material channel near inner shell 11 sides; One or more sliding support tube sheets 17 are equipped with in outer shell 9 inboards, sliding support tube sheet 17 is weldingly fixed on the inboard of outer shell 9, there is the gap of certain expansion and slip in the hole of the steel pipe of material channel 12 and sliding support tube sheet 17, material channel 12 can be radially in the hole of sliding support tube sheet 17, axial expansion shrinks, sliding support tube sheet 17 is supporting material channel 12 by the mode of sliding support, material channel 12 is at discharge end by discharging tube sheet 19 sliding supports, and material channel 12 can be radially in discharging tube sheet 19 holes, axial expansion shrinks; Due to material channel 12 adopt a plurality of and independently cross section be circular steel-tube construction, make the high-temp waste gas in material and body of heater be separated fully by material channel, the heat of high-temp waste gas passes through material channel 12 radiation to material, thereby realized the fully isolated heating of raw material and air, in product channel, without air, nothing is burnt; Material is evenly distributed in a plurality of material channels, and the piling height of material reduces, thereby reduces the wearing and tearing between material and material; Material is distributed in the steel pipe of the rounded section that diameter is less, rotates and slowly slip at the uniform velocity with body of heater, thereby reduces the surging force of material, makes material at strain not, has reduced the breakage of material.
Material channel 12 does not arrange material delivering plate in low-temperature zone, guarantee the material fragmentation that material can not be shed and cause before surface is uncured, and in the high temperature section of material channel 12, material delivering plate 18 is housed, after guaranteeing the material surface cure, material is taken up and is stirred by material delivering plate 18, make the material thermally equivalent, the position of high temperature section material delivering plate 18 is also according to the annular temperature distribution setting of each material channel 12, make material fully contact material channel 12 at the high temperature place, reach the abundant absorption of heat energy, improve the heat transfer efficiencies of material channel 12.
Simultaneously because the mode that adopts the multiple tracks sliding support supports material channel 12, after material channel 12 is heated, but free expansion is shunk and is slided, make the material channel 12 can be not long because of length, excess Temperature, cause the yield strength of material channel 12 materials when high temperature to rupture lower than the stress in bending of material channel 12, the multiple spot sliding support can reduce the stress in bending of material channel 12, makes material channel 12 materials meet service requirements.