CN103464898A - Controlling method for dimensional accuracy of superalloy thin-walled molding piece - Google Patents
Controlling method for dimensional accuracy of superalloy thin-walled molding piece Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a thin-walled workpiece processing method, in particular to a controlling method for dimensional accuracy of a superalloy thin-walled molding piece, and aims to solve the problems of low cutting efficiency and poor processing quality of superalloy thin-walled workpieces. The controlling method includes 1, acquiring a CAD (computer aided design) three-dimensional model of a to-be-processed workpiece; 2, selecting a positioning profile in the three-dimensional model and determining a positioning support unit; 3, producing the positioning support unit by the aid of laser processing; 4, assembling the to-be-processed workpiece into the positioning support unit to enable the assembled to-be-processed workpiece and the assembled positioning support unit to form a processing state unit; 5, determining a processing base point in the processing state unit; 6, according to allowance conditions of the to-be-processed workpiece, performing weighting on laser processing path parameters, and determining an optimal processing path according to an analogue simulation processing path; 7, debugging a workpiece processing program, and processing the to-be-processed workpiece according to the optimal processing path to complete control on the dimensional accuracy of the superalloy thin-walled molding piece.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of thin-wall part machining method.
Background technology
Gas turbine is widely used in electric power output as the large-sized power generator, ship's powerplant, and remote energy conduit transmits the occasions such as power and emergent interim supply of electric power.This large-sized power generator of gas turbine is researched and developed and used to the external all conglomeraties in civilian, military widely, and power does not wait from 100MW to 500MW.For example U.S. GE company is since the fifties in last century, from the space flight type gas turbine large-scale combustion machine of continental rise of starting to walk, research and development and manufacture through several generations combustion machine, formed the combustion machine brand system of oneself, 9A, 9FA from initial 6A series to the nineties in last century, 9FB series, developed at present 9H series combustion machine, its power and pressure ratio have reached very high degree, and the Combined Cycle Unit efficiency formed with traditional steam turbine has arrived more than 45% especially.The production of China's gas turbine is at the early-stage at present, the ability of gas turbine is placed in U.S.'s level of the nineties in last century, this has greatly hindered the development of China's energy industry and has made the national defence development of the naval such as ship power be subject to great limitation, makes China's gap very large with the international most advanced level existence.
Be different from the combustion chamber of one of traditional steam turbine sign as gas turbine, because the use of corrosion-resistant superalloy material and yielding thin-walled group hole tubular structure characteristics make it more be difficult to manufacture.Basic reason is that corrosion and heat resistant, the high strength due to material makes stage property wear and tear rapidly, and it is larger that processed profile departs from the digital-to-analogue size, when significantly improving the process tool cost, waste product very easily occurs, causes the waste of raw materials that can't remedy.Simultaneously during the thin-wall part clamping and to add the Deformation control in man-hour very difficult, traditional machine adds high efficiency and the uniformity while being difficult to guarantee batch machining when carrying out accurately processing with the Wire-cut Electrical Discharge Machining mode.
Superalloy thin-wall part yielding part form and position tolerance that causes in metal cutting processing is overproof, and causes the overheated generation residual stress of thin-wall part one-piece parts in hot procedure, so cause working (machining) efficiency and crudy low.
Goal of the invention
The present invention is overproof in order to solve superalloy thin-wall part yielding part form and position tolerance that causes in metal cutting processing, and cause the overheated generation residual stress of thin-wall part one-piece parts in hot procedure, and then cause working (machining) efficiency and the low problem of crudy, thereby provide a kind of control method for superalloy shaping thin wall part dimensional accuracy
A kind of control method for superalloy shaping thin wall part dimensional accuracy, is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
Step 1: the CAD 3D model that obtains workpiece to be processed;
Step 2: select the profile for locating in the described threedimensional model of step 1, determine the positioning supports unit, and the positioning supports unit is carried out to Parametric designing and subsequent treatment;
Step 3: the positioning supports unit obtained according to step 2, utilize Laser Processing to manufacture the positioning supports unit;
Step 4: workpiece to be processed is assembled in the positioning supports unit to be processed and composition machining state unit, positioning supports unit after the order assembling;
Step 5: determine the processing basic point in the machining state unit;
Step 6: according to workpiece to be processed franchise condition, the Laser Processing path parameter is processed in weighting, by the analogue simulation machining path, determines optimum machining path;
Step 7: debugging workpiece procedure, the optimum machining path of determining according to step 6 is processed workpiece to be processed, completes the control to superalloy shaping thin wall part dimensional accuracy.
The invention solves superalloy thin-wall part yielding part form and position tolerance that causes in metal cutting processing overproof, and the problem that causes the overheated generation residual stress of thin-wall part one-piece parts in hot procedure.A kind of control method for superalloy shaping thin wall part dimensional accuracy, that to take common superalloy thin-wall part in gas turbine production be example, utilize laser cutting machine high accuracy, the characteristics that flexible, thermal deformation is little, prepare the steps such as special process equipment and optimization process Laser Processing path parameter by part three-dimensional graphical modelling, design, realize the fine finishining of thin-wall part.This method, on the basis that solves problem on deformation, has also well solved the consistency problem of product in the batch production of thin-wall part product.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The flow chart that Fig. 1 is a kind of control method for superalloy shaping thin wall part dimensional accuracy of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the described three-dimensional model diagram of specific embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the described positioning supports of specific embodiment unit figure;
Fig. 4 is the described positioning supports of specific embodiment unit gusset and substrate installation diagram;
Fig. 5 is the described machining state model unit of specific embodiment and basic point choice schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the described parametrization of specific embodiment path optimization simulation drawing;
Fig. 7 is that the actual cutting section quality of specific embodiment is surrounded and watched collection of illustrative plates.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one, this specific embodiment of combination figure explanation.A kind of control method for superalloy shaping thin wall part dimensional accuracy, it comprises the steps:
Step 1: the CAD 3D model that obtains workpiece to be processed;
Step 2: select the profile for locating in the described threedimensional model of step 1, determine the positioning supports unit, and the positioning supports unit is carried out to Parametric designing and subsequent treatment;
Step 3: the positioning supports unit obtained according to step 2, utilize Laser Processing to manufacture the positioning supports unit;
Step 4: workpiece to be processed is assembled in the positioning supports unit to be processed and composition machining state unit, positioning supports unit after the order assembling;
Step 5: determine the processing basic point in the machining state unit;
Step 6: according to workpiece to be processed franchise condition, the Laser Processing path parameter is processed in weighting, by the analogue simulation machining path, determines optimum machining path;
Step 7: debugging workpiece procedure, the optimum machining path of determining according to step 6 is processed workpiece to be processed, completes the control to superalloy shaping thin wall part dimensional accuracy.
Detailed step of the present invention is:
Step 1: obtain the CAD 3D model of to be processed;
Use common threedimensional model software to carry out three-dimensional drawing, available three-dimensional software comprises UG, Pro-E, SOLIDWORKS etc.Go out threedimensional model accurately according to drawing protract, and model file is changed into to the IGES file.
Step 2: select the profile for locating in the described threedimensional model of step 1, determine the positioning supports unit, and the positioning supports unit is carried out to Parametric designing, and the supporting and location unit is carried out to subsequent treatment;
Step 2 A: select the profile for locating in threedimensional model;
Location profile molded line in threedimensional model will be as the molded line of positioning supports cell location profile.Described location profile should meet following condition: the surperficial draw direction of electing in advance the location type face as should present level and extend downwards, usings the pressure surface of profile as locating surface; Surface to be cut does not exist less dihedral angle or cusp, and the forming surface existed in cutting path zone itself and laser cutting path distance should meet and be greater than the laser head nozzle diameter more than 3 times (after moulding, the overlap of blank does not form interference to the laser head on cutting path); Pre-selected bit-type face overlook (Z direction) projected area be greater than this part all the other two to smaller value in (X-direction, Y-direction) projected area;
Step 2 B: Parametric designing positioning supports unit;
Described positioning supports unit comprises the location profile of substrate, gusset and support unit;
Step 3 C: utilize the described parameter of step 2 B to generate the two-dimentional unit figure of gusset and substrate, and change into the ICON file.
Utilize above-mentioned parameter design gusset and each size of substrate to generate the two-dimentional CAD gusset base board unit figure of DWG/DXF form later.The subsequent treatment of this step refers to be processed gusset and substrate assembling position CAD figure, comprises gusset lower margin width molded line, gusset lower margin degree of depth molded line; Gusset contacts position point CAD figure and is processed with part, comprise the fillet processing of gusset at the contact site acute angle; Generate one by one the cad model figure of gusset part and substrate part and change into the ICON file.
Step 3: the positioning supports unit obtained according to the step 2 Parametric designing, utilize Laser Processing to manufacture the positioning supports unit;
Step 3 A: the ICON file of the two-dimentional unit of the obtaining step described gusset of two C and substrate;
Step 3 B: the file that step 3 A is obtained carries out gusset and substrate orientation, setting program initial point in software;
Step 3 C: according to cutting path, choose the cutting nozzles strategy;
Choose different cutting nozzles strategies according to the difference of cutting path.As cut the cutting of monolateral Curve selection wall scroll; Cut many cuttings of many monolateral Curve selection, the cutting etc. continuously of cutting closed loop Curve selection; Directly choose starting point, terminating point and cross the value of cutting in selecting the cutting nozzles strategy, starting point and ending point should have certain distance with the part cutting surfaces, and this distance was defined as the value of cutting, and is generally the 1.5-2.5 of thickness of slab doubly.
Step 3 D: generate the G code program file that is used for machine tooling and be loaded on lathe, the processing parts initial point is set, carrying out physical object simulating program cutting substrate and gusset, described processing parts refers to gusset and substrate;
The processing parts initial point is set: use the lathe handhold box, with G01 instruction and SET_Z_TABLE instruction, set the parts program initial point, the parts program initial point is arranged on machine tool program initial point one side;
Step 3 E: the material object that will obtain substrate and gusset carries out assembled, completes the assembling of positioning supports unit.
Step 4: positioning product is in support unit;
In the positioning supports unit, rely on product orientation profile and support unit location profile to carry out assembling and positioning Product Assembly, the product after assembling, positioning supports unit form the machining state unit.
Step 5: the processing basic point in the regioselective support unit;
The processing basic point is the control point that machining state cell geometry state and position relationship are videoed on actual cutting off machine, by selecting basic point, makes the accurate situation that must reflect on actual lathe to be processed in machining state unit.(seeing P1 point, P2 point, P3 point in accompanying drawing explanation) while selecting basic point, should consider following some:
A, basic point should be the intersection point of straight line and straight line, can not select Straight Line and Arc point of contact and circular arc circular arc point of contact;
B, basic point should select accurately machined point, can not select the point on this order path to be processed;
C, basic point top (Z direction) to be selected can not be interfered with the locating laser head, otherwise can't accurately be got a little;
Step 6: according to be processed franchise condition, the Laser Processing path parameter is processed in weighting, and the analogue simulation machining path, determines optimum machining path;
Workpiece franchise condition refers to dimensional tolerance and the Geometrical Tolerance Principle of part, and composition of sheet material to be cut, thickness etc. affect parameter; The Laser Processing path parameter refers to that hot spot offset, circular arc offset, interpolation tolerance value, nozzle are crossed and cuts parameter, the selection of nozzle cutting method etc.; The selection of path parameter is that to take workpiece franchise condition be standard, according to laser power, speed, nozzle focal length with to be processed material, thickness and structure are common determines.After machining path is determined, can carry out process simulation, check that in software presence of interference and collision situation exist, then can generate the ISO file for reality processing, be loaded in cutting off machine.
Sheet metal thickness is D, and dimensional tolerance is H, hot spot offset Δ ≈ (0.1-1) DH; Circular arc offset and interpolation tolerance value should be less than H, generally get (0.2-0.5) H;
The focal length of nozzle is F, generally for stainless steel F=(0.5-0.67) D;
Step 7: the optimum machining path of determining according to step 6 is processed workpiece to be processed, completes the control to superalloy shaping thin wall part dimensional accuracy.
Part refers to the superalloy thin-wall product herein.
Franchise condition in step 6: workpiece franchise condition refers to dimensional tolerance and the Geometrical Tolerance Principle of part, and the cutting accuracy of this and laser cutting machine is closely related.Affect the focal length that mainly contains laser lens, power, speed and the nozzle focal length etc. of cutting machine precision.The laser equipment that model is Prima Rapido CP4000 is for the cutting parameter of the conventional material 1(part that sees the following form):
Table 1 laser is recommended cutting parameter
The table 2 of present embodiment provides the part precision permissible value of the laser equipment that model is Prima Rapido CP4000, therefrom draws the limit deviation that uses laser cutting machine to reach on certain straight length.Other laser cutting device has the permission accuracy value of self, and concrete numerical value is determined according to actual conditions.
Table 2 length dimension deviation (mm)
Affecting laser cutting, weighting processes the Laser Processing path parameter following factor is arranged:
1, light beam revisal: relevant to the laser spot diameter size, for ZnSe plano-convex condenser lens, the relation between its spot diameter d and focal distance f, angle of divergence θ and unfocused lasing beam diameter D is calculated by following formula:
determine laser radius compensation value according to the laser facula size, for general material thickness (1mm-3mm), its compensating value is approximately 0.2mm; For thicker part (5mm-10mm), its compensating value is approximately 0.5mm-0.8mm.
2, smooth paths: while referring to the Machining Arc curve, the precision of Circular Interpolation in Computerized Numerical Control, this parameter is with reference to the franchise condition of part, and the circular arc out-of-roundness of the excessive processing of this parameter is overproof, too small Laser Processing " burning " phenomenon that can produce, affect parts size precision.General recommendation is 0.01-0.05.
3, beginning/end column: " introducing " parameter refers to the air line distance of laser beam perforation position to the target molded line.This value is relevant with part type linear dimension and material thickness, generally is not less than the 1.4-2 of part thickness doubly, is not more than 1/2 of part perforation place width value, for example hole is not more than the radius value in this hole." under drawing/draw " parameter refers to that laser head arrives the distance of piece surface and machines the distance that rear laser head exits piece surface, and this parameter is mainly considered process safety distance and space requirement.
4, nozzle is crossed and cut parameter: refer to that laser, after initial point is got back in closed curve processing, continues the length along Curve Machining, purpose is in order to ensure the processing that completes whole closed curve, and this value is got 1mm-3mm in general.
In reality processing, for the quality that guarantees part with obtain working (machining) efficiency faster, reduce the impact of heat affected area on workpiece deformation, will produce the problem of optimum machining path.In the Laser cutting process, cutting path and cutting speed will determine the time of cutting processing.In the situation that cutting speed is certain, choosing of laser cutting path will directly affect the time of cutting processing, thereby affect the efficiency of cutting processing.The path of this optimization not only will make to cut stroke short as far as possible (containing idle stroke), but also the impact of the workpiece heat produced in the process that should consider to cut under this path, and organically in conjunction with stroke, the path of real applicable laser cutting process is only optimum practical value by this two aspect.This is relevant to the location of part in specific product processing, clamping, marker method, material thickness, cutting parameter etc.
Specific embodiment:
Target product: the gas-turbine combustion chamber thin-wall part, the high temperature superalloy material that thickness is 1.5mm,
Processing content: spatial complex variable cross-section processing.
Step 1: carry out the CAD 3D modeling according to the product design drawing, as Fig. 2;
Step 2: select the profile for locating in the described threedimensional model of step 1, determine the positioning supports unit, and the positioning supports unit is carried out to Parametric designing, and the supporting and location unit is carried out to subsequent treatment, as Fig. 3 and 4;
Step 3: the positioning supports unit obtained according to step 2, utilize Laser Processing to manufacture the positioning supports unit;
Step 4: workpiece to be processed is assembled in the positioning supports unit, and to be processed and composition machining state unit, positioning supports unit after the order assembling, as Fig. 5;
Step 5: determine the processing basic point in the machining state unit, i.e. P1, P2 and P3, as Fig. 5;
Step 6: according to workpiece to be processed franchise condition, the Laser Processing path parameter is processed in weighting, determines optimum machining path by the analogue simulation machining path, as Fig. 6;
Step 7: debugging workpiece procedure, carry out the processing of workpiece to be processed.
Laser Processing path through parameter optimization, the machining path formed than teach mode is more accurate, repeatable stable, has guaranteed that batch products is up-to-standard and in stable condition, as shown in Figure 7, the occupation mode of a centering has also greatly improved working (machining) efficiency.
Claims (3)
1. the control method for superalloy shaping thin wall part dimensional accuracy, is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
Step 1: the CAD 3D model that obtains workpiece to be processed;
Step 2: select the profile for locating in the described threedimensional model of step 1, determine the positioning supports unit, and the positioning supports unit is carried out to Parametric designing and subsequent treatment;
Step 3: the positioning supports unit obtained according to step 2, utilize Laser Processing to manufacture the positioning supports unit;
Step 4: workpiece to be processed is assembled in the positioning supports unit to be processed and composition machining state unit, positioning supports unit after the order assembling;
Step 5: determine the processing basic point in the machining state unit;
Step 6: according to workpiece to be processed franchise condition, the Laser Processing path parameter is processed in weighting, by the analogue simulation machining path, determines optimum machining path;
Step 7: debugging workpiece procedure, the optimum machining path of determining according to step 6 is processed workpiece to be processed, completes the control to superalloy shaping thin wall part dimensional accuracy.
2. a kind of control method for superalloy shaping thin wall part dimensional accuracy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step 2: select the profile for locating in the described threedimensional model of step 1, determine the positioning supports unit, and to the process that the positioning supports unit carries out Parametric designing and subsequent treatment be:
Step 2 A: select the profile for locating in threedimensional model;
Described location profile should meet following condition: the surperficial draw direction of electing in advance the location type face as should present level and extend downwards, usings the pressure surface of profile as locating surface; Surface to be cut does not exist less dihedral angle or cusp, and the forming surface existed in cutting path zone itself and laser cutting path distance should meet and be greater than the laser head nozzle diameter more than 3 times; Pre-selected bit-type face downward projection area be greater than this part all the other two to smaller value in projected area;
Step 2 B: Parametric designing positioning supports unit;
Described positioning supports unit comprises the location profile of substrate, gusset and support unit;
Step 3 C: utilize the described parameter of step 2 B to generate the two-dimentional unit figure of gusset and substrate, and change into the ICON file.
3. a kind of control method for superalloy shaping thin wall part dimensional accuracy according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described step 3: the positioning supports unit obtained according to the step 2 Parametric designing, the process of utilizing Laser Processing to manufacture the positioning supports unit is:
Step 3 A: the ICON file of the two-dimentional unit of the obtaining step described gusset of two C and substrate;
Step 3 B: the file that step 3 A is obtained carries out gusset and substrate orientation, setting program initial point in software;
Step 3 C: according to cutting path, choose the cutting nozzles strategy;
Step 3 D: generate the G code program file that is used for machine tooling and be loaded on lathe, the processing parts initial point is set, carrying out physical object simulating program cutting substrate and gusset;
Step 3 E: the material object that will obtain substrate and gusset carries out assembled, completes the assembling of positioning supports unit.
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| CN111958128A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-11-20 | 陈月圆 | Processing method of bearing base plate |
| CN111958128B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2022-05-06 | 无锡市大德汽车部件科技有限公司 | Processing method of bearing base plate |
| CN112975168A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-18 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Method for cutting hole in transition section bushing of 300 MW-level heavy gas turbine by laser |
| CN113199255A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-08-03 | 佛山市镭科智能设备有限公司 | Intelligent section processing system, method and device and electronic equipment |
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