CN103453832B - A kind of Multipurpose deformation measurement mechanism and measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of Multipurpose deformation measurement mechanism and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the measuring method of a kind of Multipurpose deformation measurement mechanism and this device, belong to Engineering Testing Technique field.Measurement mechanism of the present invention comprises pillar, crossbeam, semi-girder, bull stick, the first flexible cable, the second flexible cable, the first fixing snap ring, the second fixing snap ring, vernier scale, resistance strain gage, bridge box composition, due to foil gauge rear end is placed, front end by flexible cable tractive transmission distortion, thus makes measurement mechanism can adapt to the measurement of extreme environment under large-length test specimen and liquid; Described measuring method first appraises and decides vernier scale gauge length, elastic modulus according to test specimen selects bull stick pin hole, first, second fixing snap ring and vernier scale are assembled and be fixed on test specimen, then first, second flexible cable is assembled, starting characteristics test platform imposed load, read bridge signal, calculate cantilever beam deflection, obtain test specimen deflection.Structure of the present invention is simple, is suitable for the measurement of extreme environment under large-length, compression deformation and liquid, of many uses.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Engineering Testing Technique field, relate to a kind of measurement of solid deformation, relate to that engineering structure or sample stretch specifically, the measurement mechanism of compression deformation and measuring method.
Background technology
In engineering test practice, measure extremely important accurately to the distortion after material sample or structure stress.As in the tension test carrying out material, we are measuring the elastic modulus of material, regulation disproportional yield strength, or must carry out Measurement accuracy to the sample of this material its deflection after tension when drawing stress-strain diagram, and compression test is as the same.Distortion at present in this type of test generally adopts extensometer to measure, conventional resistance-strain type extensometer output signal is electric signal, be convenient to the automatic collection of instrument, process, be most widely used at present, but shortcoming also clearly: 1. gauge length is fixed usually, in order to the needs meeting different tests must be equipped with the extensometer of various gauge length, experimentation cost increases; 2. range is little, can only measure small deformation, inapplicable to larger deformation measurement; 3. because extensometer is directly connected with sample by blade, the greater impact power produced during sample fracture can be directly passed to the sensitive element of extensometer, damages measuring mechanism; 4. inapplicable for compression deformation; 5. can not meet under water, particularly high temperature, corrosion environment are tested under water.
External existing water extensometer can use in water or brine solution, but is only limited to the test of normal temperature, short time, and the same with conventional extensometer, and gauge length is fixed, and range is also less.
For the problem that existing extensometer gage length is little in Chinese utility model patent CN2816793Y, disclose a kind of large-length stretch gauge, it by setting up a distortion excessive device between increasing equidistance line marking device and conventional small gauge length extensometer, by two edge of a knife deflections being transformed into small gauge length extensometer of the distortion equivalence of Large space device, realize the measurement to large-length distortion.But it is because this measurement device body remains traditional small gauge length extensometer, still all inapplicable for large deformation, compression deformation, underwater survey.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome problems of the prior art and deficiency, providing convenience, fast, cost is very low, and applicable multi-purpose deformation measuring device and measuring method.
For achieving the above object, solving the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme is a kind of Multipurpose deformation measurement mechanism, comprise the pillar 7 of lower end with base, depart from the crossbeam 21 that center line has a through hole, the uniform bull stick 5 offering multiple radial pin-and-hole, semi-girder 6, first flexible cable 3, second flexible cable 4, first fixing snap ring 1, second fixing snap ring 2 and vernier scale 18, the upper and lower side of wherein said pillar 7 has a radial direction through hole, described crossbeam 21 is solidly set on above position in the middle part of pillar 7 by through hole, the left end of described crossbeam 21 is connected with one end of described semi-girder 6 is perpendicular, arbitrary pin-and-hole pin joint in the middle part of the right-hand member of described crossbeam 21 and described bull stick 5, one end of described first flexible cable 3 is connected with the upper end of described bull stick 5, the other end is successively through described pillar 7 upper end through hole, second fixing snap ring 2 is connected with the first fixing snap ring 1, one end of described second flexible cable 4 is connected with the lower end of described bull stick 5, the other end is connected with described semi-girder 6 other end through described pillar 7 lower end through hole, described first fixing snap ring 1 is also connected with the described vernier scale 18 near test specimen 20 respectively with the second fixing snap ring 2, described crossbeam 21 left end upper surface is also provided with the bridge box 9 be electrically connected with the resistance strain gage 10 being arranged on described semi-girder 6 top.
Fixing snap ring 2 design of described first fixing snap ring 1, second is scissor-shaped spring clamp, it comprises the cross-coupled clamp of two panels and produces holding force clamp springs, clamp is made up of chuck and clamp holder, chuck is equipped with the clamping blade of indent mutually to the inside, outer middle side part is equipped with the convex handle of a projection, link position is positioned at clamp holder section, and it has the through hole for the first flexible cable 3 company of wearing, and clamp springs is connected to two clamp holders inside chuck end.
As the further improvement of apparatus of the present invention, a kind of measurement mechanism that can be used in measuring compression deformation is provided, for this reason, the fixing snap ring 2 of first fixing snap ring 1, second is also connected with the reversing-gear 17 for back transfer test specimen 20 deformation direction, by test specimen 20 stress deformation back transfer.Described reversing-gear 17 is made up of loop bar, sleeve, described sleeve is set in the middle part of loop bar, the top of loop bar and sleeve, the equal radial direction in bottom are provided with the contrary thrust in direction, wherein the thrust of loop bar top and sleeve bottom end be also respectively equipped with the fixing snap ring 1 of snap ring 2, first fixing with second outside convex handle activity patch the central blind hole be connected, bottom loop bar and sleeve top boss thing all have radial direction through hole for the company of wearing first flexible cable 3.
In addition back-moving spring 8 is set between apparatus of the present invention bull stick 5 and the mutual arbitrary angle formed of crossbeam 21, is used for semi-girder 6 is resetted.The material of the base of described pillar 7 is magnetic material, is convenient to device scene and lays fast.Described first flexible cable 3, second flexible cable 4 is preferably invar alloy material, and this material expansion coefficient is close to zero, and elastic modulus is comparatively large, possesses that extensional rigidity is large, the temperature-independent feature of length.
For achieving the above object, another technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention adopts is: a kind of measuring method of Multipurpose deformation measurement mechanism, comprises the following steps:
1) check and fix vernier scale 18 gauge length, selecting bull stick 5 and crossbeam 21 pin joint pin-and-hole position according to by side test specimen 20 material;
2) vernier scale 18 is connected with the fixing snap ring 2 of the first fixing snap ring 1, second, and the first fixing snap ring 1 and the second fixing snap ring 2 are held on test specimen 20; By the lower end through hole of the second flexible cable 4 through pillar 7, two ends tensioning is also individually fixed in semi-girder 6 lower end and bull stick 5 lower end; Be connected with bull stick 5 upper end first flexible cable 3 one end, the other end is successively through pillar 7 upper end through hole, the second fixing snap ring 2, and tensioning is also connected with the first fixing snap ring 1 again;
3) utilize resistance bridge principle that bridge box 9 and the resistance strain gage 10 on semi-girder 6 top are formed measuring bridge by full-bridge connection;
4) starting characteristics test machine, to test specimen 20 imposed load, test specimen 20 produces distortion, and then tractive drives semi-girder 6 to produce flexural deformation, thus drive resistance strain gage 10 distortion to cause its resistance value to change, make measuring bridge output voltage signal Δ U;
5) utilize test engine data acquisition system to read the voltage signal Δ U of bridge box 9 output, obtain the line strain ε of semi-girder 6 at resistance strain gage 10 place along semi-girder 6 length direction according to electrical measurement stress, strain experimental technique; Substitute into and recklessly can obtain the bending normal stresses σ at this place by law; The moment M in cross section, resistance strain gage 10 place on semi-girder 6 is obtained again according to bending normal stresses formula; Moment M obtains concentrated force P suffered by semi-girder 6 lower end divided by cross section, resistance strain gage 10 place, semi-girder 6 top to the distance of semi-girder 6 lower end, gained concentrated force P value is substituted into sag formula and tries to achieve the amount of deflection δ that semi-girder 6 lower end produces;
6) bull stick 5 top and the bottom length ratio is separated according to bull stick 5 pin-and-hole position, determine the linear scale factor k between the lower end amount of deflection δ of semi-girder 6 and test specimen 20 deflection, coefficient k is multiplied by the amount of deflection δ of semi-girder 6, thus draws test specimen 20 deflection.
In sum, the present invention compared with prior art has following features and beneficial effect:
1, owing to being placed foil gauge rear end, front end by flexible cable tractive transmission distortion, thus makes measurement mechanism can adapt to the measurement of extreme environment under large-length test specimen and liquid;
2, by the adjustment of pin hole on bull stick, can measure by the test specimen larger to elastic modulus;
3, by introducing flexible cable between blade and foil gauge, thus the impact produced when sample measurement ruptures can successively decay, and the phase must pull down by rule of thumb in advance after a measurement to avoid traditional extensometer, otherwise the drawback of meeting impact failure extensometer;
4, after installing reversing-gear additional, the measurement to compression deformation is added.Structure of the present invention is simple, and operation is convenient, is suitable for of many uses;
5, by opening apart from adjusting vernier scale, the needs of different size test specimen test can be met.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention fixes Snap ring structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is environment deformation measurement partial schematic diagram under test specimen liquid;
Fig. 4 is reversing-gear structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the impulse stroke schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of measurement mechanism preferred implementation of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, apparatus of the present invention comprise the pillar 7 of lower end with base, depart from the crossbeam 21 that center line has a through hole, the uniform bull stick 5 offering multiple radial pin-and-hole, semi-girder 6, first flexible cable 3, second flexible cable 4, first fixing snap ring 1, second fixing snap ring 2 and vernier scale 18, the upper and lower side of wherein said pillar 7 has a radial direction through hole, described crossbeam 21 is solidly set on above position in the middle part of pillar 7 by through hole, the left end of described crossbeam 21 is connected with one end of described semi-girder 6 is perpendicular, arbitrary pin-and-hole pin joint in the middle part of the right-hand member of described crossbeam 21 and described bull stick 5, 8 pin-and-holes left by bull stick 5 can meet measurement needs, crossbeam 21 adopts the material of large bendind rigidity, semi-girder 6 adopts the material of little bendind rigidity.One end of described first flexible cable 3 is connected with the upper end of described bull stick 5, the other end is successively through described pillar 7 upper end through hole, second fixing snap ring 2 is connected with the first fixing snap ring 1, one end of described second flexible cable 4 is connected with the lower end of described bull stick 5, the other end is connected with described semi-girder 6 other end through described pillar 7 lower end through hole, described first fixing snap ring 1 is also connected with the described vernier scale 18 near test specimen 20 respectively with the second fixing snap ring 2, described crossbeam 21 left end upper surface is also provided with bridge box 9, Hui Sidun measuring bridge is connected to form with the resistance strain gage 10 being arranged on described semi-girder 6 top.
First fixing snap ring 1, the setting of the second fixing snap ring 2 is for transmitting the distortion of test specimen 20, various ways can be adopted, as long as test specimen is fixed in first flexible cable 3 one end, when drawing, the other end can ensure that the first flexible cable 3 freely walks movement, in this example, first fixing snap ring 1, second fixing snap ring 2 is designed to scissor-shaped spring clamp, as shown in Figure 2, it comprises the clamp of two panels cross-articulation and produces holding force clamp springs, clamp is made up of chuck and clamp holder, chuck is equipped with the clamping blade of cutting edge indent mutually to the inside, outer middle side part is equipped with the convex handle of a projection, articulated position is positioned at clamp holder section, and have through hole at articulated position place, movement is walked for flexible cable 3, clamp springs is connected to two clamp holders inside chuck end.Vernier scale 18 designs two shrinkage pools matched with the convex handle outside chuck, thus realizes the connection of the fixing snap ring 2 of fixing snap ring 1, second with first by the grafting of shrinkage pool, convex handle.The clamping blade of indent adds contact point when clamping test specimen 20, thus eliminates the concentrated problem of traditional extensometer blade contact site stress.
Between the angle that bull stick 5 described in these external apparatus of the present invention and crossbeam 21 are formed mutually, back-moving spring 8 is set, is used for semi-girder 6 is resetted, the tensioning of the first flexible cable 3 and the second flexible cable 4 and installation simultaneously when being convenient to measurement.The material of pillar 7 base adopts magnetic material, and self magnetic and metallic work table can be utilized to fix, and scene is laid fast.Described first flexible cable 3, second flexible cable 4 is preferably invar alloy material, and this material expansion coefficient is close to zero, and elastic modulus is comparatively large, possesses that extensional rigidity is large, the temperature-independent feature of length.
During test, testing machine fixed cross beam is fixed in test specimen 20 upper end, testing machine moved cross beam is fixed in lower end, by the mobile loading realized test specimen 20 of moved cross beam, test specimen 20 deforms under load effect, soft first sex cords 3 of tractive, bull stick 5, second flexible cable 4, make semi-girder 6 produce amount of deflection, thus finally can draw the distortion of test specimen.
The change of the difference of apparatus of the present invention the second embodiment and front a kind of embodiment mainly applied environment, Fig. 3 shows the partial schematic diagram of the deformation measuring device of extreme environment under liquid.Tradition extensometer environment under being not suitable with liquid, particularly environment under extreme liquid, as high temperature, corrosive liquid, measurement mechanism of the present invention draws deflection by tractive transmission, by test specimen and bridge road systematic position, first flexible cable 3 is corrosion-resistant material simultaneously, insensitive to temperature, directly can contact with corrosive liquid, can with sleeve to test specimen 20 imposed load during measurement, seal with rubber band 14 between sleeve and corrosive liquid container, structure and the installation of device itself are identical with previous embodiment, the flexible cable 3 of drawing can guide commutation with angle pulley 11.
Fig. 4 shows the structural representation of reversing-gear 17 in the third embodiment of apparatus of the present invention, as the further improvement of apparatus of the present invention, a kind of measurement mechanism that can be used in measuring compression deformation is provided, for this reason, on the first embodiment basis, grafting one reversing-gear 17 on the first fixing snap ring 1 and the second fixing snap ring 2, described reversing-gear 17 is primarily of loop bar, sleeve composition, for by test specimen 20 stress deformation back transfer, namely compression becomes expansion, thus tractive flexible cable 3 is subjected to displacement.Described sleeve is set in the middle part of loop bar, the equal radial direction in the top of loop bar, sleeve and bottom is provided with the contrary thrust in direction, the thrust of loop bar top and sleeve bottom end has the axial centre blind hole that outside fixing snap ring 2 chuck of snap ring 1, second fixing with first, convex handle matches, direct grafting during installation, bottom loop bar, sleeve top boss thing has radial direction through hole, walks and fixing for the first flexible cable 3.Reversing-gear 17 is fixed snap ring 2 by convex handle outside the central blind hole of loop bar top and sleeve bottom end thrust and fixing snap ring 2 chuck of the first fixing snap ring 1, second that coordinates with it with the first fixing snap ring 1, second and is connected, one end of first flexible cable 3 is connected with the upper end of bull stick 5, and the other end is connected with the thrust bottom loop bar through the through hole of pillar 7 upper end through hole, sleeve top boss thing successively.Remainder is identical with the first embodiment.When applying compressive load to test specimen 20, reversing-gear 17 back transfer first fixes fixing snap ring 2 sense of displacement of snap ring 1, second, thus tractive first flexible cable 3, bull stick 5, second flexible cable 4, make semi-girder 6 produce amount of deflection, and then draw the distortion of test specimen.
Fig. 5 is the impulse stroke schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention, and bull stick 5 rotates θ angle around right cantilevered distal end O point under the first flexible cable 3 traction action, and D ' E ' is bull stick 5 reposition, and γ angle is the corresponding rotational angle of flexible cable 3,
angle is the corresponding rotational angle of flexible cable 4.If test specimen 20 amount of deforming Δ L, the displacement that flexible cable 3 occurs is also Δ L, and has:
ΔL＝L
CD-L
CD‘
When the rotational angle θ of bull stick 5 is very little, the first flexible cable 3 and the second flexible cable 4 respectively rotational angle γ and
also very little, by the cosine law:
When corner γ is very little, known by geometric relationship:
γ→0，cosγ≈1
Namely have:
L
DD‘＝L
CD-L
CD’＝ΔL
In like manner, corner
have time very little:
L
EE‘＝L
GE‘-L
GE
Bull stick 5 rotates, from geometric relationship around O point:
Linear scale factor in above formula between the amount of deflection of k and semi-girder 6 and the deflection of test specimen 20, it can by changing the center position O of bull stick 5, namely pin-and-hole position regulates, and above formula have expressed the relation between the distortion size of test specimen 20 and the corner amount of deflection of semi-girder 6.
When utilizing multi-usage measurement mechanism of the present invention to measure, first check and fix vernier scale 18 gauge length, according to by side test specimen 20 material, select right cantilever and bull stick 5 hinged latch hole site, when test specimen is the larger material of the elastic modulus such as metal, the first half pin hole of bull stick 5 can be selected, when test specimen be the elastic modulus such as rubber less material time, the pin hole of bull stick 5 Lower Half can be selected, by the rotation amount of deflection of coefficient k adjustment semi-girder 6.
Then vernier scale 18 and the fixing snap ring 2 of the first fixing snap ring 1, second are assembled by shrinkage pool, convex handle, and the fixing snap ring 2 of the first fixing snap ring 1, second is held on test specimen 20; By the lower end through hole of the second flexible cable 4 through pillar 7, two ends tensioning is also individually fixed in semi-girder 6 lower end and bull stick 5 lower end, and now the positioning action of back-moving spring 8 is convenient to tensioning and the assembling of the second flexible cable; Be connected with bull stick 5 upper end first flexible cable 3 one end, the other end is successively through pillar 7 upper end through hole, the second fixing snap ring 2, and tensioning is also connected with the first fixing snap ring 1 again;
Again bridge box 9 is pressed full-bridge connection with the resistance strain gage 10 on semi-girder 6 top and form Hui Sidun measuring bridge; Starting characteristics test machine after installation, to test specimen 20 imposed load, test specimen 20 produces distortion, and then tractive drives semi-girder 6 to produce flexural deformation, thus drive resistance strain gage 10 distortion to cause its resistance value to change, make measuring bridge output voltage signal Δ U;
Utilize test engine data acquisition system to read the voltage signal Δ U of bridge box 9 output, calculate the amount of deflection δ that semi-girder 6 lower end produces, comprise the following steps:
1) according to electrical measurement stress, strain experimental technique, by
obtain the line strain ε of semi-girder 6 at resistance strain gage 10 place along the length direction of semi-girder 6, η is the constant relevant to measuring bridge, and K is the sensitivity coefficient of resistance strain gage 10, and U is the confession bridge voltage of measuring bridge, and during measurement, K and U is constant;
2) according to recklessly obtaining the bending normal stresses σ at this place, in formula: E is the elastic modulus of semi-girder 6 material therefor by law σ=E ε;
3) according to bending normal stresses formula
obtain the moment M in cross section, resistance strain gage 10 place on semi-girder 6, in formula: W
zit is the bending resistant section coefficient of semi-girder 6;
4) draw concentrated force P suffered by semi-girder 6 lower end by mechanics of materials formula M=Pl ', wherein l ' is for cross section, resistance strain gage 10 place, semi-girder 6 top is to the distance of semi-girder 6 lower end;
5) by deflection of beam deflection formula
calculate the amount of deflection δ that semi-girder 6 lower end produces, wherein l, I are length and the cross sectional moment of inertia of semi-girder 6 respectively;
Finally separate bull stick 5 top and the bottom length ratio according to bull stick 5 pin-and-hole position, determine the linear scale factor k between the lower end amount of deflection δ of semi-girder 6 and test specimen 20 deflection, coefficient k is multiplied by the amount of deflection δ of semi-girder 6, thus draw test specimen 20 deflection.
In addition, by carrying out measurement result demarcating the measuring accuracy that can improve device further.
Claims (9)
1. a Multipurpose deformation measurement mechanism, it is characterized in that comprising the pillar (7) of lower end with base, depart from the crossbeam (21) that center line has a through hole, the uniform bull stick (5) offering multiple radial pin-and-hole, semi-girder (6), first flexible cable (3), second flexible cable (4), first fixing snap ring (1), second fixing snap ring (2) and vernier scale (18), the upper and lower side of wherein said pillar (7) has a radial direction through hole, described crossbeam (21) is solidly set on above position, pillar (7) middle part by through hole, the left end of described crossbeam (21) is connected with one end of described semi-girder (6) is perpendicular, the arbitrary pin-and-hole pin joint of the right-hand member of described crossbeam (21) and described bull stick (5) middle part, one end of described first flexible cable (3) is connected with the upper end of described bull stick (5), the other end is successively through described pillar (7) upper end through hole, second fixing snap ring (2) is connected with the first fixing snap ring (1), one end of described second flexible cable (4) is connected with the lower end of described bull stick (5), the other end is connected with described semi-girder (6) other end through described pillar (7) lower end through hole, described first fixing snap ring (1) is also connected with described vernier scale (18) respectively with the second fixing snap ring (2), described crossbeam (21) left end upper surface is also provided with the bridge box (9) be electrically connected with the resistance strain gage (10) being arranged on described semi-girder (6) top.
2. Multipurpose deformation measurement mechanism according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described first fixing snap ring (1), the second fixing snap ring (2) are scissor-shaped spring clamp.
3. Multipurpose deformation measurement mechanism according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the chuck of described scissor-shaped spring clamp is provided with the clamping blade of indent mutually to the inside, and outer middle side part is equipped with the convex handle of a projection, and cross connection position has through hole.
4. Multipurpose deformation measurement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, on the first fixing snap ring (1), the second fixing snap ring (2), when described device is for measuring compression deformation, being also connected with the reversing-gear (17) for back transfer test specimen (20) deformation direction.
5. Multipurpose deformation measurement mechanism according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described reversing-gear (17) is made up of loop bar, sleeve, described sleeve is set in the middle part of loop bar, the top of loop bar and sleeve, the equal radial direction in bottom are provided with the contrary thrust in direction, the central blind hole that wherein thrust of loop bar top and sleeve bottom end is also respectively equipped with snap ring (2) fixing with second, the first convex handle in fixing snap ring (1) outside is flexibly connected, the thrust at bottom loop bar and sleeve top all has the radial direction through hole for the company of wearing first flexible cable (3).
6. Multipurpose deformation measurement mechanism according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is provided with back-moving spring (8) between arbitrary angle that described bull stick (5) and crossbeam (21) are formed mutually.
7. Multipurpose deformation measurement mechanism according to claim 1, is characterized in that the material of the base of described pillar (7) is magnetic material.
8. Multipurpose deformation measurement mechanism according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described first flexible cable (3) and the second flexible cable (4) adopt invar alloy material.
9. a measuring method for Multipurpose deformation measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) check and fix vernier scale (18) gauge length, selecting bull stick (5) and crossbeam (21) pin joint pin-and-hole position according to by side test specimen (20) material;
2) vernier scale (18) is connected with the first fixing snap ring (1), the second fixing snap ring (2), and the first fixing snap ring (1) and the second fixing snap ring (2) are held on test specimen (20); By the lower end through hole of the second flexible cable (4) through pillar (7), two ends tensioning is also individually fixed in semi-girder (6) lower end and bull stick (5) lower end; Again the first flexible cable (3) one end is connected with bull stick (5) upper end, the other end is successively through pillar (7) upper end through hole, the second fixing snap ring (2), and tensioning is also connected with the first fixing snap ring (1);
3) utilize resistance bridge principle that bridge box (9) and the resistance strain gage (10) on semi-girder (6) top are formed measuring bridge by full-bridge connection;
4) starting characteristics test machine, to test specimen (20) imposed load, test specimen (20) produces distortion, and then tractive drives semi-girder (6) to produce flexural deformation, thus drive resistance strain gage (10) distortion to cause its resistance value to change, make measuring bridge output voltage signal Δ U;
5) utilize the voltage signal Δ U that test engine data acquisition system reading bridge box (9) exports, obtain the line strain ε of semi-girder (6) at resistance strain gage (10) place along semi-girder (6) length direction according to electrical measurement stress, strain experimental technique; Substitute into and recklessly can obtain the bending normal stresses σ at this place by law; The moment M in upper resistance strain gage (10) cross section, place of semi-girder (6) is obtained again according to bending normal stresses formula; Moment M obtains concentrated force P suffered by semi-girder (6) lower end divided by resistance strain gage (10) cross section, place, semi-girder (6) top to the distance of semi-girder (6) lower end, gained concentrated force P value is substituted into sag formula and tries to achieve the amount of deflection δ that semi-girder (6) lower end produces;
6) bull stick (5) top and the bottom length ratio is separated according to bull stick (5) pin-and-hole position, determine the linear scale factor k between the lower end amount of deflection δ of semi-girder (6) and test specimen (20) deflection, coefficient k is multiplied by the amount of deflection δ of semi-girder (6), thus draws test specimen (20) deflection.
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