CN103451773A - Bismuth ferrite nano fiber material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Bismuth ferrite nano fiber material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN103451773A
CN103451773A CN2012101677072A CN201210167707A CN103451773A CN 103451773 A CN103451773 A CN 103451773A CN 2012101677072 A CN2012101677072 A CN 2012101677072A CN 201210167707 A CN201210167707 A CN 201210167707A CN 103451773 A CN103451773 A CN 103451773A
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bismuth
bismuth ferrite
hydrate
fiber
nano fiber
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CN103451773B (en
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林元华
刘海洋
郑斌
南策文
沈洋
杨小平
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

The invention discloses bismuth ferrite nano fiber and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the bismuth ferrite nano fiber comprises the following steps: 1) using bismuth nitrate or a hydrate thereof and iron nitrate or a hydrate thereof as raw materials, dissolving the two raw materials in a solvent, adding a complexing agent, stirring to obtain bismuth ferrite sol, then adding a polymer as a spinning aid in the bismuth ferrite sol, and stirring evenly to obtain a precursor solution; 2) performing electrostatic spinning of the precursor solution to obtain bismuth ferrite precursor fiber; and 3) performing heat treatment of the bismuth ferrite precursor fiber to remove the polymer to obtain the bismuth ferrite nano fiber. In the BiFeO3 (bismuth ferrite) nano fiber prepared by the preparation method, crystal grains of the fiber are arranged along the axial direction to form a bamboo-joint-like structure. The bismuth ferrite nano fiber has a narrow forbidden bandwidth (2.1-2.3 eV), a high utilization rate of visible light, a large specific surface area and few crystal boundaries and crystal faces, can effectively improve the separation of photogenerated carriers and reduce the recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes, has a high quantum efficiency, and shows more excellent photocatalytic properties than nanoparticles.

Description

Bismuth ferrate nano fibrous material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bismuth ferrate nano fibrous material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Follow the appearance of worldwide energy crisis and ecological deterioration problem, energy and environment are 21 century facing mankinds and need two significant challenge of solution badly.Point out in country's 12 planning outlines, Accelerating The Construction resource-conserving and environment-friendly society, improve the conservation culture level.Therefore, it is a urgent and critical problem that exploration, research and development utilize the new forms of energy resource.How to utilize the most clean abundant energy of nature---solar energy, caused numerous physics, chemistry, material, environmental area research worker's concern.The research relevant to photocatalysis is arisen at the historic moment and is developed swift and violent, there are every year thousands of pieces of research papers to deliver, comprise energy conversion based on utilizing sunshine and utilization, the depollution of environment, photochemistry is synthetic and a plurality of fields such as solar cell, especially concentrates on solar energy chemical conversion and environmental friendliness photocatalysis field.Simultaneously, Photocatalitic Technique of Semiconductor in sewage disposal, purify air, the various aspects such as disinfection, automatically cleaning technology have all obtained application widely.
Within 1972, found TiO 2the photodissociation phenomenon of water on electrode, pulled open the prelude of studying photocatalytic phenomenon and catalysis material.Conductor photocatalysis material is (as TiO at present 2) also there is following subject matter: the one, semi-conductive light absorption wavelength scope mainly concentrates on ultraviolet and near ultraviolet band, and the solar energy utilization rate is low; The 2nd, the recombination rate in light induced electron and hole is very high, so that quantum efficiency is low.Nearly ten years, some researchers are devoted to toward TiO 2the elements such as doping N, P, S, adjust TiO 2bandgap structure, or the structure TiO 2with other semiconductors (as Pd, NiO, WO 3deng) hetero-junctions that forms, obtain better light sensitive characteristic; Other researchers are devoted to development of new and the higher catalysis material of efficiency, are mainly complicated metal oxides, as contain In 3+, Ga 3+, Sb 5+, Bi 5+and Ag +niobates, vanadate, tantalates and germanate etc., BiFeO 3catalysis material is also one of them.Consider that nanostructured has very large specific area, abundant configuration of surface and easy device, met well the characteristic of photochemical catalyst, therefore the BiFeO of preparation at present 3catalysis material is all the nanoparticle form catalyst.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of bismuth ferrate nano fiber and preparation method thereof and application.
The preparation method of bismuth ferrate nano fiber provided by the present invention, comprise the steps:
1) take bismuth nitrate or its hydrate and ferric nitrate or its hydrate is raw material, the two is dissolved in solvent, add complexing agent, stir, obtain the colloidal sol containing bismuth nitrate and ferric nitrate, then in the colloidal sol containing bismuth nitrate and ferric nitrate, add polymer as spinning-aid agent, stir, obtain precursor solution;
2) precursor solution step 1) obtained carries out the fiber that electrostatic spinning obtains the bismuth ferrite precursor;
3) by step 2) fiber of the bismuth ferrite precursor that obtains heat-treats the removal polymer, obtains the bismuth ferrate nano fiber.
Described in described step 1) in precursor solution iron concentration be 0.2-0.4mol/L.
In described step 1), described polymer is selected from one or more any combination in polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl formal and poly phosphazene; Described solvent is selected from one or more any combination in DMF, dimethylacetylamide, methyl-sulfoxide, oxolane and chloroform; In described step 1), described polymer is selected from one or more any combination in polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol; Described solvent is selected from one or both combinations in DMF and oxolane.
In described step 1), described complexing agent is citric acid or its hydrate.
In described step 1), the mol ratio 1.03~1.1: 1 of described bismuth nitrate or its hydrate and ferric nitrate or its hydrate; Be preferably 1.05: 1; Molar concentration in the solution of described bismuth nitrate or the acquisition of its hydrate after it is dissolved in solvent is 0.1 ~ 1.0mol/L; Molar concentration in the solution of described ferric nitrate or the acquisition of its hydrate after it is dissolved in solvent is 0.1 ~ 1.0mol/L; The final concentration that described complexing agent adds is 0.3 ~ 3.0mol/L.
Due in heat treated process, bismuth element comparatively easily volatilizees, if bismuth ion: feeding in raw material of iron ion is 1: 1, after heat treatment, easily causes in fact bismuth ion amount to be less than iron ion, therefore need to carry out appropriate bismuth element and supplement.
In described step 1), the whole mass percent concentration of described polymer is 4 ~ 8%; The time of stirring after described interpolation complex compound is more than 1 hour, obtains the colloidal sol containing bismuth nitrate and ferric nitrate; It is described that to add the time of stirring after the step of polymer be more than 1 hour; Also comprise by the described step of the standing 24-48 of liquid hour after adding polymer to stir preferably standing 24 hours in described step 1).
Described step 2) in, described electrostatic spinning is 0.5 ~ 1.0mm with the syringe needle internal diameter, and the electrostatic potential applied is 10 ~ 20KV, and the flow of spinning solution is 0.5 ~ 1.0ml/h, receiving range is 10 ~ 20cm, and receiving the external diameter linear velocity of cylinder in rotation is 3 ~ 8m/s.
In described step 3), described heat treated step, for first being warmed up to 180-220 ℃, is incubated 1-2 hour, then is warmed up to 380-420 ℃, insulation 1-2 hour, then be warming up to 600-800 ℃ of insulation 2-4 hour; Then the rate of temperature fall of take is down to room temperature (20-25 ℃) as 1 ~ 10 ℃/min.Described heat treated step is preferably and first is warmed up to 200 ℃, is incubated one hour, then is warmed up to 400 ℃, insulation 1h, then be warming up to 600-800 ℃ of insulation two hours, the rate of temperature fall of then take is down to room temperature (20-25 ℃) as 1 ~ 10 ℃/min; Described heating rate is 1-5 ℃/min, is preferably 5 ℃/min.
Bismuth ferrate nano fiber can prepare for said method by bismuth ferrate nano fiber provided by the present invention.This bismuth ferrate nano fibre diameter is 70 ~ 350nm.
At first the present invention adopts collosol and gel--and Electrospun technique makes the more uniform BiFeO of diameter 3/ PVP composite nano fiber structure.On this basis, adopt Technology for Heating Processing, organic matter removed, obtain the diameter distribution uniform (BiFeO 3nanofiber.Change bismuth ion and the iron concentration of precursor sol, can control BiFeO 3nanofiber diameter between 300nm, has changed BiFeO at 100nm 3the nanofiber energy gap, modulated its photocatalytic activity to a certain extent.
Bismuth ferrate nano fiber of the present invention has excellent photocatalytic, can be used as the application in catalysis material.The BiFeO made by the inventive method 3nanofiber, the crystal grain of fiber is arranged vertically, forms the class bamboo joint structure.This diameter 100nm has energy gap little (2.1 ~ 2.3eV) (Fig. 6) to nanofiber between 300nm, utilization rate to visible ray is high, specific area is large, the crystal boundary and the crystal face less (Fig. 2, Fig. 4) that exist, can effectively improve the separation of photo-generated carrier and reduce the recombination rate in light induced electron and hole, quantum efficiency is higher, shows the more excellent photocatalysis performance of ratio nano particle.
Can degrade in 3h 75% organic matter of the fiber that experiment showed, the 100nm diameter, the nanofiber of this 300nm diameter target degradation product more than 50% of degrading in 3h, shown the visible light photocatalysis active that it is excellent.These nanofibers are novel photocatalysis materials that a class has broad prospect of application.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is product X RD figure in embodiment 1.
The SEM photo that Fig. 2 is product in embodiment 1.
The photocatalytic activity that Fig. 3 is product in embodiment 1.
The SEM photo that Fig. 4 is product in embodiment 2.
The photocatalytic activity that Fig. 5 is product in embodiment 2.
Fig. 6 is D-100nm in embodiment 1(figure) and embodiment 2(figure in D-300nm) prepare the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy figure of bismuth ferrate nano fiber.
The specific embodiment
Experimental technique in following embodiment, if no special instructions, be conventional method.
Percentage composition in following embodiment, if no special instructions, be the quality percentage composition.
Embodiment 1, BiFeO 3the preparation of nano-fiber material and photocatalytic activity thereof detect
One, BiFeO 3the preparation of nano-fiber material
1, by five water bismuth nitrate (Bi (NO 3) 35H 2o) with nine water ferric nitrate (Fe (NO 3) 39H 2o) ratio that is 1.05: 1 according to mol ratio (i.e. five water bismuth nitrate 4.2mmol or 2.453 grams, nine water ferric nitrate 4.0mmol or 1.616 grams), join 20ml N, dinethylformamide (DMF, N, N-dimethylformamide) in, stir about half an hour dissolving extremely fully under room temperature, solution is water white transparency, then adds 12.0mmol (2.522g) citric acid (C 6h 8o 7h 2o), stir after 1.5 hours the colloidal sol containing ferric nitrate and bismuth nitrate that obtains yellow transparent.Then adding 2.076 gram polyvinylpyrrolidones (PVP, M=1300000) to make its whole mass percentage concentration is 8%, stirs and fully mixes in 2 hours, and then standing 24h obtains the precursor solution that iron concentration is the even thickness of 0.2mol/L.
2, above-mentioned precursor solution is gone in the syringe of 10ml, the spinning standard adopts No. 5 standard syringe syringe needles, and (syringe needle is metal needle, connect a wherein utmost point of high-pressure installation near syringe needle, the syringe needle internal diameter is 0.5mm), receiver is rotatingcylindrical drum, diameter is 10cm, horizontal width is 15cm, receiver connects an other utmost point of high-pressure installation, aluminium foil coats outside the cylinder of receiver) spinning voltage 10kV, the flow of spinning solution is 0.5ml/h, receiving range 10cm, and receiving the external diameter linear velocity of cylinder in rotation is 3m/s.Through the collection of 4h-8h, obtain slightly yellowy BiFeO on aluminium foil 3/ PVP composite nano fiber.
3, BiFeO step 2 obtained 3/ PVP composite nano fiber adopts the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, from room temperature 20-25 ℃, be warmed up to 200 ℃, insulation 1h, be heated to 400 ℃ by same heating rate again, insulation 1h, then be warming up to 600 ℃ of insulation 2h, then take rate of temperature fall as 1 ~ 10 ℃/min is cooled to room temperature (in the lower nature cooling of room temperature (20-25 ℃)), obtain yellow BiFeO 3nanofiber is filemot Powdered.As shown in Figure 1, its X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) test result shows, phase is perovskite BiFeO 3structure.The BiFeO that Fig. 2 is above-mentioned preparation 3the SEM figure of nanofiber, fiber presents ring like structure, and fibre diameter is 100 ± 30nm.Fibre length is between 20-800 μ m.The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy figure that Fig. 6 is the bismuth ferrate nano fiber (D-100nm in figure), result shows that its energy gap is 2.23eV.
Two, BiFeO 3the photocatalytic activity of nano-fiber material detects
Experiment is used the high pressure xenon lamp of 500W as light source.In order to measure the photocatalysis efficiency of sample under visible ray, adopt the optical filter that cutoff wavelength is 400nm to filter ultraviolet light.The Congo red solution that photocatalysis experiment employing 50ml concentration is 20mg/L is as the target degradation product, and catalyst is BiFeO prepared by step 1 3nano-fiber material, catalyst concn is 2g/L, usings and does not add catalyst treatment as blank, in course of reaction, Congo red and system catalyst is placed in the environment of mixture of ice and water, with the heat radiation of guarantee system, keep to stir simultaneously, make Congo red on catalyst the desorption balance.Every one specific period, system solution is taken out, centrifugal, the bismuth ferrate nano fiber catalyst sinks to the bottom, and gets supernatant and carries out the ultraviolet specrophotometer test, to determine the concentration of target degradation product.After being completed, supernatant and catalyst mix, refund in former beaker, proceed light-catalysed process, until obtain 5 ~ 7 data points, as shown in Figure 3, Fig. 3 has shown its visible light photocatalysis active to result, 75% the target product of degrading in 3h.
Embodiment 2, BiFeO 3the preparation of nano-fiber material and photocatalytic activity thereof detect
One, BiFeO 3the preparation of nano-fiber material
1, by five water bismuth nitrate (Bi (NO 3) 35H 2o) with nine water ferric nitrate (Fe (NO 3) 39H 2o) according to the mol ratio ratio of 1.05: 1 (i.e. five water bismuth nitrate 8.4mol or 2.453 grams, nine water ferric nitrate 8.0mol or 3.232 grams), join in 20ml oxolane (THF), stir about half an hour dissolving extremely fully under room temperature, solution is water white transparency, then adds 24.0mmol (5.043g) citric acid (C 6h 8o 7h 2o), stir after 1.5 hours obtain yellow transparent the colloidal sol containing ferric nitrate and bismuth nitrate.Then adding 1.966 gram polyvinyl alcohol (PEG, M=66000 ~ 83600) to make its whole mass percentage concentration is 4%, and after stirring 5h fully mixes, standing 24h obtains the precursor solution that concentration is the even thickness of 0.4mol/L.
2, above-mentioned precursor solution is gone in the 10ml syringe, the spinning standard adopts No. 7 standard syringe syringe needles, and (syringe needle is metal needle, connect a wherein utmost point of high-pressure installation near syringe needle, the syringe needle internal diameter is 1.0mm), receiver is that receiver is rotatingcylindrical drum, diameter is 10cm, horizontal width is 15cm, coating one deck aluminium foil on cylinder, be used for receiving the fiber that spinning obtains, receiver connects an other utmost point of high-pressure installation) spinning voltage 20kV, the flow of spinning solution is 1.0ml/h, receiving range 20cm, receiving the external diameter linear velocity of cylinder in rotation is 8m/s.Through the collection of 4h-8h, obtain slightly yellowy BiFeO on aluminium foil 3/ PVP composite nano fiber.
3, BiFeO step 2 obtained 3/ PVP composite nano fiber adopts the heating rate of 5 ℃/min from room temperature 20-25 ℃, be warmed up to 200 ℃, be incubated one hour, be heated to 400 ℃ by same heating rate again, insulation 1h, be warming up to again 800 ℃ of insulations two hours, then take rate of temperature fall as 1 ~ 10 ℃/min is cooled to room temperature (20 ℃) (naturally lowering the temperature in room temperature), obtain yellow BiFeO 3nanofiber is filemot Powdered.Its X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) test result shows, phase is perovskite BiFeO 3structure.Fig. 4 is the BiFeO that states preparation 3nanofiber SEM figure, fibre diameter is 300 ± 50nm.Fibre length is between 20-800 μ m.The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy figure that Fig. 6 is the bismuth ferrate nano fiber (D-300nm in figure), result shows that its energy gap is 2.16eV.
Two, BiFeO 3the photocatalytic activity of nano-fiber material detects
BiFeO according to method detecting step one preparation of the step 2 in embodiment mono- 3the photocatalytic activity of nano-fiber material, as shown in Figure 5, Fig. 5 has shown its visible light photocatalysis active to result, 50% the target product of degrading in 3h.

Claims (11)

1. the preparation method of bismuth ferrate nano fiber, comprise the steps:
1) take bismuth nitrate or its hydrate and ferric nitrate or its hydrate is raw material, the two is dissolved in solvent, add complexing agent, stir, obtain the colloidal sol containing bismuth nitrate and ferric nitrate, then in the colloidal sol containing bismuth nitrate and ferric nitrate, add polymer as spinning-aid agent, stir, obtain precursor solution;
2) precursor solution step 1) obtained carries out the fiber that electrostatic spinning obtains the bismuth ferrite precursor;
3) by step 2) fiber of the bismuth ferrite precursor that obtains heat-treats the removal polymer, obtains the bismuth ferrate nano fiber.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described in described step 1) in precursor solution iron concentration be 0.2-0.4mol/L.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: in described step 1), described polymer is selected from one or more any combination in polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl formal and poly phosphazene; Described solvent is selected from one or more any combination in DMF, dimethylacetylamide, methyl-sulfoxide, oxolane and chloroform; Described polymer is preferably selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone and one or both combinations of polyvinyl alcohol; Described solvent is preferably selected from one or both combinations in DMF and oxolane.
4. according to the described method of any one in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: in described step 1), described complexing agent is citric acid or its hydrate.
5. according to the described method of any one in claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: in described step 1), the mol ratio 1.03 ~ 1.1: 1 of described bismuth nitrate or its hydrate and ferric nitrate or its hydrate; Be preferably 1.05: 1; Molar concentration in the solution of described bismuth nitrate or the acquisition of its hydrate after it is dissolved in solvent is 0.1 ~ 1.0mol/L; Molar concentration in the solution of described ferric nitrate or the acquisition of its hydrate after it is dissolved in solvent is 0.1 ~ 1.0mol/L; The final concentration that described complexing agent adds is 0.3 ~ 3.0mol/L.
6. according to the described method of any one in claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: in described step 1), the whole mass percent concentration of described polymer is 4 ~ 8%; The time of stirring after described interpolation complex compound is more than 1 hour, obtains the colloidal sol containing bismuth nitrate and ferric nitrate; It is described that to add the time of stirring after the step of polymer be more than 1 hour; Also comprise by the described step of the standing 24-48 of liquid hour after adding polymer to stir preferably standing 24 hours in described step 1).
7. according to the described method of any one in claim 1-6, it is characterized in that: described step 2), described electrostatic spinning is 0.5 ~ 1.0mm with the syringe needle internal diameter, the electrostatic potential applied is 10 ~ 20KV, the flow of spinning solution is 0.5 ~ 1.0ml/h, receiving range is 10 ~ 20cm, and receiving the external diameter linear velocity of cylinder in rotation is 3 ~ 8m/s.
8. according to the described method of any one in claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: in described step 3), described heat treated step is for first being warmed up to 180-220 ℃, insulation 1-2 hour, be warmed up to again 380-420 ℃, insulation 1-2 hour, then be warming up to 600-800 ℃ of insulation 2-4 hour; Described heat treated step is preferably and first is warmed up to 200 ℃, is incubated one hour, then is warmed up to 400 ℃, insulation 1h, then be warming up to 600-800 ℃ of insulation two hours; Described heating rate is 1 ~ 5 ℃/min.
9. the bismuth ferrate nano fiber that prepared by the described method of claim 1-8.
10. according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: described bismuth ferrate nano fibre diameter is 70 ~ 350nm.
11. the described bismuth ferrate nano fiber of claim 9 or 10 is in the application as in catalysis material.
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CN104386757A (en) * 2014-10-21 2015-03-04 天津师范大学 One-dimensional bismuth ferrite nanotube as well as preparation method and application thereof
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