CN103443552A - 从空气中生产蒸馏水的空气调节系统 - Google Patents

从空气中生产蒸馏水的空气调节系统 Download PDF

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CN103443552A
CN103443552A CN2012800135309A CN201280013530A CN103443552A CN 103443552 A CN103443552 A CN 103443552A CN 2012800135309 A CN2012800135309 A CN 2012800135309A CN 201280013530 A CN201280013530 A CN 201280013530A CN 103443552 A CN103443552 A CN 103443552A
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CN103443552B (zh
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马子都
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/28—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from humid air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F24F3/1417—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with liquid hygroscopic desiccants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract

一种空气调节和水生产系统包括热泵单元和与所述热泵单元热连通的膜接触器。所述膜接触器被构造为使得第一盐水流由所述热泵单元冷却并在所述膜接触器上被稀释。蒸馏器与所述热泵单元和所述膜接触器热连通，使得第二盐水流由所述热泵单元加热并通过所述蒸馏器输送。流过所述蒸馏器的所述第二盐水流和所述第一盐水流之间的热相互作用从所述第二盐水流中提取水。

Description

从空气中生产蒸馏水的空气调节系统
发明背景
本文所公开的主题涉及空气调节系统。更具体而言，本主题公开涉及用于空气调节系统的湿度控制。
尤其当空气调节和制冷(HVAC&R)系统在制冷模式下运行时，加热、通风、HVAC&R系统会产生大量热量，这些热量都被排散到周围环境中。被排散的热量代表系统的效率损失。本技术将很好地接收对HVAC&R系统的改进以高效利用这些否则会被排散的热量。
发明简述
根据本发明的一个方面，空气调节和水生产系统包括热泵单元和与热泵单元热连通的膜接触器。膜接触器被构造为使得第一盐水流由热泵单元冷却并在膜接触器上被稀释。蒸馏器与热泵单元和膜接触器热连通，使得第二盐水流由热泵单元加热并通过蒸馏器输送。流过蒸馏器的第二盐水流和第一盐水流之间的热相互作用从第二盐水流中提取水。
根据本发明的另一个方面，一种从空气中提取水的方法包括在热泵单元上冷却第一盐水流，以及经由第一盐水流和膜接触器上的空气流之间的热交换将水分吸入第一盐水流。在热泵上加热第二盐水流，以及将第一盐水流和第二盐水流输送到蒸馏器中。从蒸馏器上的第二盐水流中提取水。
通过下面的描述并结合附图，这些和其它优点和特征将变得更加显而易见。
附图简述
被看作是本发明的主题被特别指出并清楚地在本说明书结束时在权利要求中要求保护。通过下面的详细描述并结合附图，本发明的前述和其它特征和优点显而易见，其中:
图是空气调节系统的实施方案的示意图。
通过参照附图而举例的方式，具体实施方式解释了本发明的实施方案连同优点和特征。
具体实施方式
图中所示的是空气调节系统10的示意图。系统10包括热泵单元12。应理解，虽然在图中示出并在本文中描述了热泵12，但是它仅仅是示例性的，且在系统10中可采用其它类型的空气调节单元，诸如制冷机、吸收式制冷机和/或蒸汽压缩式制冷机。热泵12包括冷凝器14、压缩机16、蒸发器18和膨胀阀20。制冷剂通路22通过冷凝器14、压缩机16、蒸发器18和膨胀阀20循环制冷剂。热交换器(例如，膜接触器24)经由将第一盐水流28a从蒸发器18输送到膜接触器24的一个或多个蒸发器出口通路26而连接到蒸发器18。热交换器能够同时传输潜在和可感热量。第一盐水流28a经由与流过蒸发器18的制冷剂的热能交换而在蒸发器18中被冷却。第一盐水流28a流过膜接触器24并从处理空气流30(其可为室外空气或在建筑物或其它结构中要被冷却的空气)中吸收热能和水分。因此，第一盐水流28a(经由水分吸收)被稀释并(通过与处理空气的热能交换)被加热。
盐水系统32经由一个或多个稀释盐水通路连接到膜接触器24。在一些实施方案中，盐水系统32包括盐水泵36和盐水贮槽38。稀释的第一盐水流28a被传送到盐水贮槽38并由盐水泵36泵出盐水系统32。来自盐水泵36的第一盐水流28a被分成至少两个部分，其中第一部分28a被输送到蒸发器18并流过其中并然后到达膜接触器24，如上所述。第二部分28a被输送到蒸馏器，例如，液体隙膜蒸馏器40，其可由来自冷凝器14的低温热量驱动。第二部分28a流过蒸馏器30并拾取来自蒸馏过程的冷凝热量。
第二盐水流28b通过冷凝器14循环并经由与通过冷凝器14的制冷剂流的热能交换而被进一步加热。该加热的第二盐水流28b被传送到蒸馏器40并流过其中。通过流过蒸馏器40的两个单独的盐水流28a和28b，第二盐水流28b和相对较冷的第一盐水流28a之间的温差会导致水蒸汽从疏水多孔膜(46)之间的较暖盐水28b传输并在固体管(48)表面冷凝并成为蒸馏水42。蒸馏水42可被收集在贮存罐44中。
由来自蒸馏水42的冷凝热预先加热的第一盐水流28a排出蒸馏器40并通过冷凝器14循环且作为第二盐水流28b返回到蒸馏器40以进入蒸馏器40的多孔膜侧46。具有从其中蒸馏的水的第二盐水流28b被从蒸馏器40的膜46侧的出口输送到热交换器(例如，风机盘管50)和其之间，其中热量被从第二盐水流28b排散到周围环境，其可以是室外空气或房间排气。然后第二盐水流28b被传送至盐水贮槽38，用于通过系统10循环。
本文所描述的系统10从空气中收集水分并冷却空气，从而降低湿度和温度(如果需要的话)，并利用来自冷凝器14的热量来从通过系统10循环的盐水28中蒸馏水。
虽然仅结合有限数量的实施方案详细描述了本发明，但是应容易地理解，本发明并不限于这些公开的实施方案。相反，本发明可以被修改以结合任意数量的此前未描述但与本发明的精神和范围相称的变化、变更、替代或等效布置。此外，虽然已经描述了本发明的各种实施方案，但是应理解，本发明的方面可仅包括一些所描述的实施方案。因此，本发明不被视为受前述描述的限制，而是仅受所附权利要求书的范围的限制。

Claims (18)

1.一种空气调节和水生产系统，其包括:
热泵单元;
膜接触器，其与所述热泵单元热连通且被构造为使得第一盐水流由所述热泵单元冷却并在所述膜接触器上被稀释;和
蒸馏器，其与所述热泵单元和所述膜接触器热连通使得第二盐水流由所述热泵单元加热并通过所述蒸馏器输送，流过所述蒸馏器的所述第二盐水流和所述第一盐水流之间的热相互作用从所述第二盐水流中提取水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其还包括热交换器，其用于排散来自蒸馏后的所述第二盐水流的热量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其还包括盐水泵，其用于将所述第一盐水流的至少一部分泵送至所述热泵单元。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述冷却单元是蒸汽压缩热泵或吸收热泵。
5.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其中所述膜接触器经由所述第一盐水流热连接到所述冷却单元的蒸发器。
6.根据权利要求4所述的系统，其中所述蒸馏器经由第二盐水流热连接到所述热泵单元的冷凝器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述蒸馏器是液体隙膜蒸馏器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述膜接触器被构造为经由所述第一盐水流来冷却处理空气。
9.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其还包括用于储存所述蒸馏水的罐。
10.一种从空气中提取水的方法，其包括:
在热泵单元上冷却第一盐水流;
经由所述第一盐水流和膜接触器上的空气流之间的热能交换将水分吸入所述第一盐水流;
在所述热泵单元上加热第二盐水流;
使所述第一盐水流和所述第二盐水流流入蒸馏器;以及
从所述蒸馏器上的所述第二盐水流中提取水。
11.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其还包括排散来自从其中提取水后的所述第二盐水流的热量。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其还包括将所述第一盐水流的至少一部分泵送至所述冷却单元。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述冷却单元是蒸汽压缩热泵或吸收热泵。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中在所述热泵单元的蒸发器上冷却所述第一盐水流。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中在所述热泵单元的冷凝器上加热所述第二盐水流。
16.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述蒸馏器是液体隙膜蒸馏器。
17.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其还包括冷却所述膜接触器上的空气流。
18.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其还包括将所述蒸馏水存储在罐中。
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