The insulation resistance detection system of electric automobile power battery and detection method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the electric insulation detection technique field of electric automobile, be specifically related to a kind of insulation resistance detection system and detection method of electric automobile power battery.
Background technology
The energy of electric automobile is mainly derived from vehicle-mounted electrokinetic cell, due to the operating voltage of electrokinetic cell higher (generally at 300V-700V), if the situation of the electric leakage that meets accident, directly will threaten personal safety.Therefore, the insulation resistance detecting electrokinetic cell is in real time needed, to understand the insulation status of electrokinetic cell.
Traditional power battery insulation resistance detection mode can only electrokinetic cell be in line states (namely in high tension loop total just, after total negative relay closes, electrokinetic cell work) time judge whether current power battery is in electric leakage state, can not electrokinetic cell be in off-line state (namely in high tension loop total just, before total negative relay closes, electrokinetic cell does not work) time detect, can not judge that electrokinetic cell is positive pole electric leakage or negative pole electric leakage or bipolarly leaks electricity simultaneously, electrokinetic cell can not be calculated just, (namely electrokinetic cell just for the insulating resistance value of negative pole, negative pole insulation against ground resistance), the degree of accuracy detected is inadequate, reliability is low.
Publication number is the power battery insulation resistance detection method that patent discloses a kind of electric automobile and the device of CN102298092A, it can when electrokinetic cell be in line states, in real time the insulation resistance between electrokinetic cell positive and negative busbar and bonding is detected, and the positive pole of electrokinetic cell can be measured exactly, negative pole and the bipolar insulating resistance value to body earth (namely), but it can not detect when electrokinetic cell is in off-line state, if there is drain conditions in electrokinetic cell, in high tension loop total just, can not detect before total negative relay closes, after needing to be closed, just electric leakage can be detected.Connect in high tension loop, electrokinetic cell is started working, and when car load high pressure powers on, people are easy to injured because of electric leakage (namely injured risk is large), and this detection method and device are unfavorable for promoting in electric automobile industry.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of insulation resistance detection system and detection method of electric automobile power battery, when electrokinetic cell is in online or off-line state, all can detect the insulation resistance of electrokinetic cell, improve the reliability detected, reduce the risk injured because of electric leakage.
The insulation resistance detection system of electric automobile power battery of the present invention, comprises microcontroller, insulation detecting circuit, filtering circuit, additional high pressure source, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, phase inverter and CAN communication circuit.Described microcontroller is connected with additional high pressure source, controls the work of additional high pressure source; Additional high pressure source is connected with the input end of insulation detecting circuit, and outer low pressure direct current is converted to high voltage direct current, is input in insulation detecting circuit; Microcontroller is connected with the control end of insulation detecting circuit, controls the electronic switch closes/disconnection in insulation detecting circuit; Microcontroller is connected with the voltage output end of insulation detecting circuit by filtering circuit, under described electronic switch closes/disconnection different conditions, microcontroller gathers the output voltage of insulation detecting circuit, and the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value carrying out electrokinetic cell on-line/off-line condition adjudgement and electrokinetic cell calculates; Microcontroller is connected with temperature sensor, humidity sensor, obtains temperature, moisture signal around insulation detecting circuit, and corrects the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value of electrokinetic cell; Described microcontroller is connected with phase inverter, to calculate and the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value of electrokinetic cell after correcting compares with the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value preset, judge insulation whether qualified (namely whether reaching required value), and export corresponding logic level; Microcontroller is connected with CAN communication circuit, by temperature, humidity, calculating and correct after electrokinetic cell positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value and insulation whether qualified signal is sent in CAN.
Insulation detecting circuit is just characterizing electrokinetic cell for exporting, negative insulation resistance value electric signal, the voltage that filtering circuit is used for insulation detecting circuit exports carries out filtering, improve the accuracy of detection signal and the immunity to interference of system, additional high pressure source is used for the high voltage direct current 10 ~ 15V low-voltage DC that outside inputs being boosted to the about 700V needed for insulation detecting circuit, temperature sensor is for detecting the temperature around insulation detecting circuit, humidity sensor is for detecting the humidity around insulation detecting circuit, microcontroller can be the single-chip microcomputer possessing analog-digital conversion function, CAN communication circuit is responsible for microcontroller and outside CAN equipment carries out communication, external command amendment inner parameter can be received, can the information detected be sent in CAN again, phase inverter is by anti-phase for the logic level whether insulation is qualified, improve external driving force.
Preferably, described insulation detecting circuit by first, second, third, fourth electronic switch and first, second, third, fourth, the 5th, the 6th resistance forms.One end of first electronic switch connects the positive pole of electrokinetic cell by total positive relay, one end of another termination first resistance, one end of the 4th resistance and the negative pole in additional high pressure source, one end of another termination second resistance of the first resistance, the other end ground connection of the second resistance, one end of another termination the 5th resistance of the 4th resistance, the other end ground connection of the 5th resistance; One end ground connection of the 3rd resistance, one end of another termination the 6th resistance, one end of another termination second electronic switch of the 6th resistance and one end of the 4th electronic switch, the other end of the second electronic switch connects the negative pole of electrokinetic cell, the positive pole in another termination additional high pressure source of the 4th electronic switch by total negative relay; One termination first resistance of the 3rd electronic switch and the tie point of the second resistance, the positive pole in another termination additional high pressure source of the 3rd electronic switch; The control termination microcontroller of first, second, third, fourth electronic switch, what receive microcontroller closes/disconnects control; Second, third, the voltage output end of the 5th resistance connects microcontroller by filtering circuit, microcontroller gathers second, third, the 5th ohmically voltage calculates.
Adopt the insulation resistance detection system of above-mentioned electric automobile power battery to carry out the method detected, comprising:
Step 1: temperature, moisture signal around the insulation detecting circuit that microcontroller Real-time Obtaining temperature sensor and humidity sensor transmit;
Step 2: microprocessor controls additional high pressure source does not work, the portions of electronics switch controlled in insulation detecting circuit closes, portions of electronics switch disconnects, gather the output voltage through filtered insulation detecting circuit, compare with predetermined threshold value, judge that electrokinetic cell is in online or off-line state;
Step 3: if electrokinetic cell is in line states, then microprocessor controls additional high pressure source work, high voltage direct current is introduced insulation detecting circuit, portions of electronics switch in microprocessor controls insulation detecting circuit is closed, portions of electronics switch disconnects, gather the output voltage through filtered insulation detecting circuit, calculate the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value of electrokinetic cell, utilize the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value of the electrokinetic cell after described temperature, moisture signal correction calculation;
Step 4: if electrokinetic cell is in off-line state, then microprocessor controls additional high pressure source work, high voltage direct current is introduced insulation detecting circuit, portions of electronics switch in microprocessor controls insulation detecting circuit is closed, portions of electronics switch disconnects, gather the output voltage through filtered insulation detecting circuit, calculate the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value of electrokinetic cell, utilize the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value of the electrokinetic cell after described temperature, moisture signal correction calculation;
Step 5: compared with the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value preset by the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value of the electrokinetic cell after correction in step 3 or step 4, judges whether insulation is qualified; By insulation, whether qualified logic level is exported by phase inverter; By the temperature in electrokinetic cell, humidity, whether qualified signal is sent in CAN for the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value of the electrokinetic cell after correction and insulation.
Preferably, in step 2, first, second electronic switch closes in microprocessor controls insulation detecting circuit, the 3rd, the 4th electronic switch disconnects, and gathers the second ohmically voltage V2 of insulation detecting circuit, with predetermined threshold value V
*compare, if V2 is more than or equal to V
*, then electrokinetic cell is in line states, if V2 is less than V
*, then electrokinetic cell is in off-line state.
In step 3, microcontroller first controls first, second electronic switch closes in insulation detecting circuit, three, the 4th electronic switch disconnects, and gathers the second ohmically voltage V2, the 3rd ohmically voltage V3 of insulation detecting circuit, the 5th ohmically voltage V5 storing; Then, the first, the 3rd electronic switch closes described in microprocessor controls, the second, the 4th electronic switch disconnects, and gathers described second ohmically voltage V2 ', the 5th ohmically voltage V5 ' and stores; Microcontroller is according to formula
calculate positive pole insulating resistance value (the i.e. positive pole insulation against ground resistance value) R of electrokinetic cell
p; Microcontroller is according to formula
Calculate negative insulation resistance value (the i.e. negative pole insulation against ground resistance value) R of electrokinetic cell
n.
In step 4, microcontroller first controls first in insulation detecting circuit, the 3rd electronic switch closes, and the second, the 4th electronic switch disconnects, and gathers the second ohmically voltage V2 ", the 5th ohmically voltage V5 " of insulation detecting circuit and stores; Then, described in microprocessor controls first, second, the 4th electronic switch closes, the 3rd electronic switch disconnects, and gathers described second ohmically voltage V2 " ', the 3rd ohmically voltage V3 " ', the 5th ohmically voltage V5 " ' and to store; Microcontroller is according to formula
calculate the positive pole insulating resistance value R of electrokinetic cell
p; Microcontroller is according to formula
Calculate the negative insulation resistance value R of electrokinetic cell
n.
Owing to adopting technique scheme, the present invention can not only measure positive pole, the negative insulation resistance value of electrokinetic cell exactly when electrokinetic cell is in line states, and positive pole, the negative insulation resistance value of electrokinetic cell can be measured exactly when electrokinetic cell is in off-line state, the reliability of detection is high.If electrokinetic cell leaks electricity, in high tension loop total just, total negative relay not closed, just can detect, avoid in the case, high tension loop being connected causes people injured because of electric leakage, reduce injured risk, security is high, is conducive to promoting in electric automobile industry.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circuit block diagram of medium power battery insulation resistance detecting circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of insulation detecting circuit in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the first working state figure (electrokinetic cell is in line states) of insulation detecting circuit in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the second working state figure (electrokinetic cell is in line states) of insulation detecting circuit in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the third working state figure (electrokinetic cell is in off-line state) of insulation detecting circuit in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the 4th kind of working state figure (electrokinetic cell is in off-line state) of insulation detecting circuit in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the process flow diagram of medium power battery insulation resistor detection method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
The insulation resistance detection system of electric automobile power battery as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, comprise microcontroller 1, insulation detecting circuit 2, filtering circuit 3, additional high pressure source 4, temperature sensor 5, humidity sensor 6, phase inverter 7 and CAN communication circuit 8, microcontroller 1 adopts the single-chip microcomputer possessing AD conversion function, and 10 ~ 15V low-voltage DC that outside inputs can be boosted to the high voltage direct current of about 700V by additional high pressure source 4.Microcontroller 1 is connected with additional high pressure source 4, controls the work of additional high pressure source.Insulation detecting circuit 2 is made up of the first electronic switch S1, the second electronic switch S2, the 3rd electronic switch S3, the 4th electronic switch S4 and the first resistance R1, the second resistance R2, the 3rd resistance R3, the 4th resistance R4, the 5th resistance R5, the 6th resistance R6; One end of first electronic switch S1 connects the positive pole of electrokinetic cell by total positive relay K 1, the negative pole (i.e. Ex_HV-pin) in one end of another termination first resistance R1, one end of the 4th resistance R4 and additional high pressure source 4, one end of another termination second resistance R2 of the first resistance R1, the other end ground connection of the second resistance R2, one end of another termination the 5th resistance R5 of the 4th resistance R4, the other end ground connection of the 5th resistance R5; One end ground connection of the 3rd resistance R3, one end of another termination the 6th resistance R6, one end of another termination second electronic switch S2 of 6th resistance R6 and one end of the 4th electronic switch S4, the other end of the second electronic switch S2 connects the negative pole of electrokinetic cell, the positive pole (i.e. Ex_HV+ pin) in another termination additional high pressure source 4 of the 4th electronic switch S4 by total negative relay K 2; The one termination first resistance R1 of the 3rd electronic switch S3 and the tie point of the second resistance R2, the positive pole in another termination additional high pressure source 4 of the 3rd electronic switch S3; The control end of the first electronic switch S1, the second electronic switch S2, the 3rd electronic switch S3, the 4th electronic switch S4 all connects microcontroller 1, and what receive microcontroller closes/disconnect control; The voltage output end of the second resistance R2, the 3rd resistance R3, the 5th resistance R5 connects three AD interfaces of microcontroller 1 respectively by filtering circuit 3, the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value that the microcontroller voltage gathered on the second resistance R2, the 3rd resistance R3, the 5th resistance R5 carries out electrokinetic cell on-line/off-line condition adjudgement and electrokinetic cell calculates.Two other AD interface of microcontroller 1 is connected with temperature sensor 5, humidity sensor 6 respectively, obtains temperature, moisture signal around insulation detecting circuit, and the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value of electrokinetic cell after correction calculation.Microcontroller 1 is connected with phase inverter 7; to calculate and the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value of electrokinetic cell after correcting compares with the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value preset; judge whether insulation is qualified; and export corresponding logic level; defective if insulated (namely there is fault); then microcontroller 1 is by output logic low; this logic low exports high level to external unit after phase inverter is reverse; the quick protection that this logical signal can be used for relay turns off, and also can be used for host computer to insulation fault state interrupt signal.Microcontroller 1 is connected with CAN communication circuit 8, by temperature, humidity, calculating and correct after electrokinetic cell positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value and insulation whether qualified signal is sent in CAN.
As shown in Fig. 3 to Fig. 7, adopt the insulation resistance detection system of above-mentioned electric automobile power battery to carry out the method for power battery insulation resistance value detection, comprising:
Step 1: temperature, moisture signal around the insulation detecting circuit that microcontroller 1 Real-time Obtaining temperature sensor 5 and humidity sensor 6 transmit.
Step 2: microcontroller 1 controls additional high pressure source 4 and do not work, the first electronic switch S1, the second electronic switch S2 that microcontroller 1 controls in insulation detecting circuit 2 are closed, 3rd electronic switch S3, the 4th electronic switch S4 disconnect, microcontroller 1 gathers the voltage V2 on the second resistance R2 of insulation detecting circuit 2, with predetermined threshold value V
*compare, if V2 is more than or equal to V
*, then electrokinetic cell is in line states (the total positive relay K 1 namely in high tension loop, total negative relay K 2 close), if V2 is less than V
*, then electrokinetic cell is in off-line state (the total positive relay K 1 namely in high tension loop, total negative relay K 2 disconnect).
Step 3: if electrokinetic cell is in line states, first, microcontroller 1 controls additional high pressure source 4 and works; Secondly, the first electronic switch S1, the second electronic switch S2 that microcontroller 1 controls in insulation detecting circuit 2 are closed, 3rd electronic switch S3, the 4th electronic switch S4 disconnect, and gather voltage V2, the voltage V3 on the 3rd resistance R3 on the second resistance R2 of insulation detecting circuit 2, the voltage V5 on the 5th resistance R5 storing; Again, it is closed that microcontroller 1 controls the first electronic switch S1, the 3rd electronic switch S3, second electronic switch S2, the 4th electronic switch S4 disconnect, the high voltage direct current of about 700V is introduced insulation detecting circuit 2, gather the voltage V2 ' on the second resistance R2, the voltage V5 ' on the 5th resistance R5 also stores; Then, according to formula
calculate the positive pole insulating resistance value R of electrokinetic cell
p, according to formula
Calculate the negative insulation resistance value R of electrokinetic cell
n; Finally, microcontroller 1 utilize obtain in step 1 temperature, electrokinetic cell after moisture signal correction calculation positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value R
p, R
n.
Step 4: if electrokinetic cell is in off-line state, first, microcontroller 1 controls additional high pressure source 4 and works; Secondly, the first electronic switch S1, the 3rd electronic switch S3 that microcontroller 1 controls in insulation detecting circuit 2 are closed, second electronic switch S2, the 4th electronic switch S4 disconnect, the high voltage direct current of about 700V is introduced insulation detecting circuit 2, gathers the voltage V2 ", the 5th resistance R5 on voltage V5 " on the second resistance R2 of insulation detecting circuit 2 and store; Again, microcontroller 1 controls the first electronic switch S1, the second electronic switch S2, the 4th electronic switch S4 closes, 3rd electronic switch S3 disconnects, the high voltage direct current of about 700V is introduced insulation detecting circuit 2, gathers the voltage V5 on voltage V2 on the second resistance R2 " ', voltage V3 " on the 3rd resistance R3 ', the 5th resistance R5 " ' and store; Then, microcontroller 1 is according to formula
calculate the positive pole insulating resistance value R of electrokinetic cell
p, according to formula
Calculate the negative insulation resistance value R of electrokinetic cell
n; Finally, microcontroller 1 utilize obtain in step 1 temperature, electrokinetic cell after moisture signal correction calculation positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value R
p, R
n.
Step 5: microcontroller 1 is by the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value R of the electrokinetic cell after correction in step 3 or step 4
p, R
nwith the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value R preset
p*, R
n* compare, judge whether insulation is qualified; Defective if insulated (namely there is fault), then microcontroller 1 exports a logic low, this logic low exports high level to external unit after phase inverter is reverse, qualified if insulated (namely there is not fault), then microcontroller 1 exports a logic high, this logic high through phase inverter oppositely after output low level to external unit; Microcontroller 1 by the temperature in electrokinetic cell, humidity, the positive and negative electrode insulating resistance value R of the electrokinetic cell after correction
p, R
nand insulation whether qualified signal is sent in CAN.