CN103432785A - Lateral flow rapid filter - Google Patents

Lateral flow rapid filter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103432785A
CN103432785A CN2013103906827A CN201310390682A CN103432785A CN 103432785 A CN103432785 A CN 103432785A CN 2013103906827 A CN2013103906827 A CN 2013103906827A CN 201310390682 A CN201310390682 A CN 201310390682A CN 103432785 A CN103432785 A CN 103432785A
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filter
filtering
level
bed
lateral flow
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CN103432785B (en
Inventor
鄢忠森
叶挺进
阳康
党敏
赖日明
罗旺兴
黄禹坤
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FOSHAN WATER GROUP Co Ltd
Harbin Institute of Technology
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FOSHAN WATER GROUP Co Ltd
Harbin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a lateral flow rapid filter, and relates to a water treatment device, in order to solve the problems of poor dirt stop capability, short filtration cycle and high water head loss of an existing downflow normal granularity filter. The lateral flow rapid filter comprises a water intake pipe, a water distribution filter body, a water exhaust pipe and N filtering units; the N filtering units are sequentially configured in the water distribution filter body from bottom to top; the upper part of the water distribution filter body is provided with the water intake pipe; each filtering unit comprises a filtering material layer and two filtering plates with filtering heads; the filtering material layer is paved between the two filtering plates; the particle diameters of filtering materials of the N filtering material layers decrease gradually from bottom to top; the pore diameters of the filtering heads of the N filtering plates decrease gradually from bottom to top; the plate surfaces at the same side of each two adjacent filtering units are provided with flow guide grooves; N-1 flow guide grooves are staggered from bottom to top; the first filtering material layer is positioned between the first flow guide groove and the water intake pipe; an outlet of the Nth filtering unit is provided with the water exhaust pipe; the ratio of the height to the width of each filtering material layer is (1.5:1) to (8:1). The lateral flow rapid filter provided by the invention is used for water treatment.

Description

The lateral flow rapid filter
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water treatment facilities, be specifically related to a kind of filtration and adsorption treatment filter tank for city tap-water processing and waterworks transformation and other all kinds of water sources.
Background technology
Be accompanied by China's urbanization and advance, national economy fast development and living standards of the people improve constantly, increasing to the demand of the water yield, also more and more higher to the requirement of water quality.And China's water resource of per capita scarcity, a large amount of water sources suffer pollution in various degree.And, along with the fast development of China's industry, energy shortage.Therefore, we answer the water treatment technology of exploratory development economical and efficient.
In modern water treatment technology, although new water technology no matter occur, as ultrafiltration, membrane filtration, counter-infiltration etc., fast filtering remains very important together cleaning procedure.Recent decades, development due to filtering technique, polytype rapid filter has appearred, these filter tanks are endowed different titles with the characteristics in its structure and operating process, as: conventional rapid filter, gravity valve-free filtering pond, siphon filter, V-type filter tank, double-valve filter pool, moving flushing cage filter chamber, multilayer filter material filter pool etc.Although these filter tanks are different on control principle, the current while filtering all from top to bottom, are filtered from fine to coarse along the filter material layer grain diameter.This class filter tank is defined as lower to stream positive granularity filter tank.
At present, generally adopt lower to stream positive granularity filter tank in filter process, because surperficial fine filtering material particle diameter is less, the filter material layer hole formed by them is less, treats that at first the suspension that in drainage, particle diameter is larger held back by top layer fine filtering material.Find in actual applications, a large amount of suspended contaminations are many to be retained down in the filtering layer of top layer 9-14 centimetre, and then the large particle diameter filtrate of bed of material bottom flows out outside pond after filtration.Because surface detail filtrate pore diameter is little, the capacity of the pollutant that can hold is less, just for suspension, stop up very soon, the filtering layer loss of flood peak is rapid growth thereupon, although the large particle diameter filtrate of lower floor has larger porosity, but can only hold back a small amount of impurity, and a large amount of fine impurities are difficult to be trapped, before the retaining power of not bringing into play it, just needed backwash, in filter material layer, account for 80% or more slightly or thicker filtrate do not bring into play its due section dirty acting on, cause the filter cycle in this filter tank short, filtering velocity is low, and the loss of flood peak is large.Give full play to again the dirty effect of cutting of whole filter material layer in order to improve water quality, until drainage after filtration the bed of material should be first thick after thin filter type.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is existingly to dirty positive granularity filter tank, to have the problem that retaining power is poor, filter cycle is short and the loss of flood peak is large for solving, and then a kind of lateral flow rapid filter is provided.
The present invention addresses the above problem the technical scheme of taking to be: lateral flow rapid filter of the present invention comprises water inlet pipe, the distribution reservoir body, outlet pipe and N level filter element, N level filter element is arranged in the distribution reservoir body from the bottom to top successively, the top of distribution reservoir body is equipped with water inlet pipe, every grade of filter element comprises and filters the bed of material and with two filter plates of filter, be equipped with the filtration bed of material between two filter plates, the particle diameter that the N level is filtered the filtrate of the bed of material reduces from the bottom to top gradually, the aperture of the filter of N level filter plate reduces from the bottom to top gradually, the same lateral plates place of every adjacent double-filtration unit is provided with guiding gutter, N-1 level guiding gutter is interlaced arrangement from the bottom to top, and the first order is filtered the bed of material between first order guiding gutter and water inlet pipe, the exit of N level filter element is provided with outlet pipe, the depth-width ratio of every one-level filter material layer is 1.5:1~8:1, wherein N is positive integer, and N >=5.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: one, the present invention has reasonably designed every grade of depth-width ratio that filters the bed of material, guaranteed that current enter filtrate from side direction, drainage enters the rapid filter distribution reservoir by water inlet pipe, then cross the first order by the filter plate lateral flow with filter and filter the bed of material, after enter the first order guiding gutter of opposite side, enter the second level filtration bed of material through first order guiding gutter and corresponding filter side direction, after enter the second level guiding gutter of opposite side, enter the third level filtration bed of material through second level guiding gutter and corresponding filter side direction again, so, finally by crossing N-1 level guiding gutter and corresponding filter, side direction enters after the N level is filtered the bed of material and enters outlet pipe through effluent weir, deliver to outside pond.
Two, the particle diameter of filtrate of the present invention is from coarse to fine from the bottom up on distributing vertically, and at first filtered water stream contacts the coarse filtration bed of material of larger particles, along the journey particle diameter of filter medium, reduces gradually, to finally just contacting the fine filtering bed of material than small particle diameter.Thereby, impurity distributes and is tending towards even in whole filter material layer, whole filter material layer can be fully utilized, maximum amount has improved the retaining power of filter material layer, retaining power has improved 30%-50%, extended filter cycle, compared existing filter plant filter cycle and within 20 hours, extended 20%-40%.
Three, compact conformation of the present invention, stable and reliable operation, cross filtering velocity high, the loss of flood peak reduces 10%-25%, and monomer aquifer yield height has improved 20%-30%, stable effluent quality, energy-saving effect is remarkable, saves energy consumption 20%-40%, the volume less, can a plurality ofly be used in combination, saved a large amount of capital construction expenses.
Four, filter tank of the present invention can take full advantage of the up-thin-low-thick filtrate grating formed after filter back washing, enters the fine filtering material after making former water be introduced into coarse media, makes backwashing period greatly extend, and washing water quantity greatly reduces, and economic benefit is obvious.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is main sectional structure schematic diagram of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is the floor plan that adopts two covers rapid filter of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is the floor plan that adopts quadruplet rapid filter of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, the lateral flow rapid filter of present embodiment comprises water inlet pipe 1, distribution reservoir body 2, outlet pipe 8 and N level filter element 4, N level filter element 4 is arranged in distribution reservoir body 2 from the bottom to top successively, the top of distribution reservoir body 2 is equipped with water inlet pipe 1, every grade of filter element 4 comprises and filters the bed of material and with two filter plates 3 of filter, be equipped with the filtration bed of material between two filter plates 3, the particle diameter that the N level is filtered the filtrate of the bed of material reduces from the bottom to top gradually, the aperture of the filter of N level filter plate reduces from the bottom to top gradually, the same lateral plates place of every adjacent double-filtration unit is provided with guiding gutter 5, N-1 level guiding gutter 5 is interlaced arrangement from the bottom to top, and the first order is filtered the bed of material between first order guiding gutter 5 and water inlet pipe 1, the exit of N level filter element is provided with outlet pipe 8, the depth-width ratio of every one-level filter material layer is 1.5:1~8:1, wherein N is positive integer, and N >=5.
The filtered water of present embodiment is filtered the bed of material from the first order and is filtered the bed of material through guiding gutter undulate curvilinear sides to flowing into the N level, and last outlet pipe 8, deliver to pond external.Setting matches with the particle diameter of the filtration bed of material of corresponding level in the aperture of the filter of the filter plate of present embodiment.
In filter tank of the present invention, key problem is to control the filtering direction of current.Because there is certain resistance in water distribution system used, not when filtering the bed of material and carry out under special control, current will be directly up by filter material layer from side direction enters filtrate, and can not lateral flow, can't realize that side direction filters.
Present embodiment is that the side direction that realizes current is filtered, and the filter material layer in described filter tank is answered the ratio of the height and the width of the controlled filter bed of material, prevents the short stream of filtered water.By Kaman Kang Caini formula:
Figure BDA0000374687320000031
H in formula 0---current are by the filtering layer loss of flood peak, cm;
The kinematic viscosity of v---water, cm 3/ s;
G---acceleration of gravity, cm/s 2;
M 0---filtrate aperture rate;
D 0---the sphere diameter identical with the filtrate volume, cm;
L 0---thickness of filter bed, cm;
V---filtering velocity, in cm/s;
---filtering material particle sphericity coefficient.
Calculate the horizontal h of filtering layer 01with vertical loss of flood peak h 02.Calculate the loss h of turnover water distribution system, laterally gross head loses H simultaneously 1=h 01+ h, vertically gross head loss H 2=h 02.Control H 1<H 2, the lateral flow of assurance filter tank current.Height to width ratio by the COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING filter material layer is 1.5:1-8:1.Depth-width ratio is determined according to the concrete filtrate adopted and filter plate.
The specific embodiment two: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, the depth-width ratio of every one-level filter material layer of present embodiment is 2:1~6:1.So arrange, realized that the side direction of current is filtered, prevented the short stream of filtered water, the loss of flood peak greatly reduces.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, the filtrate that the N level of present embodiment is filtered the bed of material is quartz sand or circular haydite or active carbon.So arrange, can be effectively used in water treatment facilities the filtration of water and cut dirtyly, retaining power is strong, good filtration effect.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one or two.
The specific embodiment four: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, the particle diameter that the first order of present embodiment is filtered the filtrate of the bed of material is 1.0mm~1.2mm, and the particle diameter that the filtrate of the bed of material is filtered in the second level is 0.9mm~1.1mm.So arrange, improved the retaining power of filter material layer, extended filter cycle.Meet actual needs.Other is identical with the specific embodiment three.
The specific embodiment five: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, the particle diameter that the third level of present embodiment is filtered the filtrate of the bed of material is 0.8mm~1.0mm; The particle diameter that the fourth stage filters the filtrate of the bed of material is 0.7mm~0.9mm.So arrange, improved the retaining power of filter material layer, extended filter cycle.Meet actual needs.Other is identical with the specific embodiment four.
The specific embodiment six: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, the particle diameter that the level V of present embodiment filters the filtrate of the bed of material is 0.6mm~0.8mm.So arrange, improved the retaining power of filter material layer, extended filter cycle.Meet actual needs.Other is identical with the specific embodiment four or five.
The specific embodiment seven: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, the 6th grade of particle diameter to the filtrate of the N level filtration bed of material of present embodiment is 0.3mm~0.5mm.So arrange, improved the retaining power of filter material layer, extended filter cycle.Meet actual needs.Other is identical with the specific embodiment six.
The specific embodiment eight: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, the described rapid filter of present embodiment also comprises perforated pipe 9, described perforated pipe 9 stretches into the first order and filters in the bed of material and be connected with distribution reservoir body 2, and the top of described N level filter element is provided with rhone 10.So arrange, be convenient in backwash process, make the mud of holding back in filtering material particle and hole thereof break away from filtering layer, entering the backwash rhone with ascending current finally discharges outside pond, finally discharge outside pond, after certain hour rinses water outlet change clearly, finish backwash process, treat that drainage enters again filter tank and recovers to filter.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one, two, four, five or seven.
The specific embodiment nine: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, the described rapid filter of present embodiment also comprises that the side plate face place of blowoff valve 11, the N level filter elements is provided with blowoff valve 11.So arrange, for guaranteeing water quality, get rid of initial filter water, be provided with blowoff valve.At the filtration initial stage, by opening blowoff valve, get rid of the initial stage filtered water, be convenient to new drainage and again filter.Other is identical with the specific embodiment eight.
The specific embodiment ten: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, the described rapid filter of present embodiment also comprises atmospheric valve 12, and the bottom of distribution reservoir body 2 is provided with atmospheric valve 12.So arrange, for emptying distribution reservoir body, carry out regular cleaning, guarantee the effluent quality in filter tank.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one, two, four, five, seven or nine.
Embodiment:
In conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 explanation, the horizontal layout in filter tank can adopt square arrangement and be circular layout.Square arrangement as shown in Figure 2, arranges two one group; Be circular layout as shown in Figure 3, be set to 4 one group.Be circular layout by four partition walls are set at filter material layer, filter tank is divided into to four, bottom arranges annular and rinses water distribution system (perforated pipe, backwash is used), adopt and share distributing water room's setting, effectively reduce the floor space in filter tank, simultaneously, share the backwash rhone, Rinsing Area, have occupation of land less, reduced investment, characteristics of compact layout and the advantage such as elegant in appearance.
The course of work
In conjunction with Fig. 1-Fig. 3, operation principle of the present invention is described: treat that drainage enters from the flanking part of filter, the filtering layer filtrate is after the classification of backwash waterpower, the particle diameter of filtrate is from coarse to fine from the bottom up on distributing vertically, and at first filtered water stream contacts the coarse filtration bed of material of larger particles, along the journey particle diameter of filter medium, reduce gradually, to finally just contacting the fine filtering bed of material than small particle diameter.Thereby impurity distributes and is tending towards evenly in whole filter material layer, whole filter material layer can be fully utilized, and maximum amount has improved the retaining power of filter material layer, has extended filter cycle.
The course of work of the present invention comprises filter process and backwash process, and the water (flow) direction of its filter process is with existing lower different from upward flow to stream, and the water (flow) direction of backwash process is with traditional lower identical, specific as follows to flowing positive granularity filter tank.
Filter process of the present invention: known by accompanying drawing 1, drainage enters the rapid filter distribution reservoir by water inlet pipe, then cross the first order by the filter plate lateral flow with filter and filter the bed of material, after enter the first order guiding gutter of opposite side, enter the second level filtration bed of material through first order guiding gutter and corresponding filter side direction, after enter the second level guiding gutter of opposite side, enter the third level filtration bed of material through second level guiding gutter and corresponding filter side direction again, so, finally by crossing N-1 level guiding gutter and corresponding filter, side direction enters after the N level is filtered the bed of material and enters outlet pipe through effluent weir, deliver to outside pond.
Backwash process of the present invention: after filtering a period of time, when water turbidity surpasses the water standard of regulation after the water head loss by filtration in filter tank reaches setting or filter, illustrate that filter tank need to carry out backwash.Known by accompanying drawing 1, when backwash, close and treat the drainage water inlet pipe, open the backwash water inlet pipe, backwashing water enters the water distribution system 9 of filtering layer bottom.Filtering material particle each other collision friction and backwash current filtering material particle is washed away under the double action of shearing, make the mud of holding back in filtering material particle and hole thereof break away from filtering layer, enter the backwash rhone with ascending current, finally discharge outside pond.After certain hour rinses water outlet change clearly, finish backwash process, treat that drainage enters again filter tank and recovers to filter.For guaranteeing water quality, get rid of initial filter water, be provided with blowoff valve.At the filtration initial stage, by opening blowoff valve, get rid of the initial stage filtered water.
The granule filter material of the granule filter material layer in described filter tank is selected high grade quartz sand.The particle diameter that the filling process of filtrate needs to make granule filter material as required or not is from coarse to fine arrangement the successively from bottom to up, (particle diameter that does not need to make granule filter material from bottom to up from coarse to fine the arrangement) successively only need, by the flushing of backwashing system, make the filtrate hydraulic classiciation in case of necessity.Described backwashing system adopts large resistance perforated pipe, when filter material layer is thinner, can be set to the filter plate water distribution system of slight drag.
In filter tank of the present invention, key problem is to control the filtering direction of current.Because there is certain resistance in water distribution system used, when not carrying out under special control to filter material layer, current will be directly from side direction enters filtrate up by filtering layer, and can not lateral flow, can't realize that side direction filters.

Claims (10)

1. lateral flow rapid filter, it is characterized in that: described rapid filter comprises water inlet pipe (1), distribution reservoir body (2), outlet pipe (8) and N level filter element (4), N level filter element (4) is arranged in distribution reservoir body (2) from the bottom to top successively, the top of distribution reservoir body (2) is equipped with water inlet pipe (1), every grade of filter element (4) comprises and filters the bed of material and with two filter plates (3) of filter, be equipped with the filtration bed of material between two filter plates (3), the particle diameter that the N level is filtered the filtrate of the bed of material reduces from the bottom to top gradually, the aperture of the filter of N level filter plate reduces from the bottom to top gradually, the same lateral plates place of every adjacent double-filtration unit is provided with guiding gutter (5), N-1 level guiding gutter (5) is interlaced arrangement from the bottom to top, and the first order is filtered the bed of material and is positioned between first order guiding gutter (5) and water inlet pipe (1), the exit of N level filter element is provided with outlet pipe (8), the depth-width ratio of every one-level filter material layer is 1.5:1~8:1, wherein N is positive integer, and N >=5.
2. lateral flow rapid filter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the depth-width ratio of every one-level filter material layer is 2:1~6:1.
3. lateral flow rapid filter according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the filtrate that the N level is filtered the bed of material is quartz sand or circular haydite or active carbon or anthracite.
4. lateral flow rapid filter according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the particle diameter that the first order is filtered the filtrate of the bed of material is 1.0mm~1.2mm, and the particle diameter that the filtrate of the bed of material is filtered in the second level is 0.9mm~1.1mm.
5. lateral flow rapid filter according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the particle diameter that the third level is filtered the filtrate of the bed of material is 0.8mm~1.0mm; The particle diameter that the fourth stage filters the filtrate of the bed of material is 0.7mm~0.9mm.
6. according to the described lateral flow rapid filter of claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that: the particle diameter that level V filters the filtrate of the bed of material is 0.6mm~0.8mm.
7. lateral flow rapid filter according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the 6th grade of particle diameter that filters the filtrate of the bed of material to the N level is 0.3mm~0.5mm.
8. according to claim 1,2,4,5 or 7 described lateral flow rapid filters, it is characterized in that: described rapid filter also comprises perforated pipe (9), described perforated pipe (9) stretches into the first order and filters in the bed of material and be connected with distribution reservoir body (2), and the top of described N level filter element is provided with rhone (10).
9. lateral flow rapid filter according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described rapid filter also comprises blowoff valve (11), the side plate face place of N level filter element is provided with blowoff valve (11).
10. according to claim 1,2,4,5,7 or 9 described lateral flow rapid filters, it is characterized in that: described rapid filter also comprises atmospheric valve (12), and the bottom of distribution reservoir body (2) is provided with atmospheric valve (12).
CN201310390682.7A 2013-08-30 2013-08-30 Lateral flow rapid filter Expired - Fee Related CN103432785B (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108654154A (en) * 2018-06-04 2018-10-16 广东科学技术职业学院 Lateral flow filter tank

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CN102091450A (en) * 2011-01-27 2011-06-15 上海彰华膜净化有限公司 Automatic pressure flush type rapid filter
CN202893016U (en) * 2012-11-27 2013-04-24 黑龙江工程学院 Back-flushing filter device for filter chamber

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2491445Y (en) * 2001-07-18 2002-05-15 夏凤毅 Efficiency anoxybiontic sewage treatment unit
CN2782187Y (en) * 2004-10-09 2006-05-24 唐传祥 Upward flow counter-size fast filter chamber
CN101219293A (en) * 2007-09-21 2008-07-16 浙江德安新技术发展有限公司 Filtering pool for transverse stream filtering
CN101732900A (en) * 2008-11-12 2010-06-16 湖北中碧环保科技有限公司 Radiation side direction stream cascade stage fine filtering method and device thereof
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CN102091450A (en) * 2011-01-27 2011-06-15 上海彰华膜净化有限公司 Automatic pressure flush type rapid filter
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108654154A (en) * 2018-06-04 2018-10-16 广东科学技术职业学院 Lateral flow filter tank

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