CN103427718B - Train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator - Google Patents
Train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103427718B CN103427718B CN201310312602.6A CN201310312602A CN103427718B CN 103427718 B CN103427718 B CN 103427718B CN 201310312602 A CN201310312602 A CN 201310312602A CN 103427718 B CN103427718 B CN 103427718B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- thermal radiation
- temperature difference
- train
- graphite sheet
- wheel set
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Abstract
A train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator comprises a thermal radiation heating plate (8), a hot-end heat-conducting graphite sheet (2), a semi-conductor temperature difference generating device (3), a cold-end heat-conducting graphite sheet (4), a convection radiator (5), an air channel (6) and a guide plate (7), wherein the thermal radiation heating plate (8) is opposite to the thread of a wheel set (1) of a train, the hot-end heat-conducting graphite sheet (2) is closely attached to the hot end of the semi-conductor temperature difference generating device (3), the cold end of the semi-conductor temperature difference generating device (3) is closely attached to the heat-conducting graphite sheet (4), the convection radiator (5) is closely attached to the cold-end heat-conducting graphite sheet (4), the air channel (6) covers the convection radiator (5), and the guide plate (7) is installed at the inlet of the air channel (6). According to the train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator, temperature difference generation is achieved through train wheel set tread thermal radiation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of temperature difference electricity generation device, particularly train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator.
Background technology
" planning of multi-modal Transport Network Long-and Medium-term Development " and the enforcement China railways of " medium-term and long-term railway network development plan " achieve spanning development, except passenger train, China has 650,000 goods trains at present, 750,000 will be increased to by 2015, but, developing bottleneck is highlighted in some backward links of process of high speed development, the critical component of train, braking technology has become the key restriction of the great marshalling lorry of more than ten thousand tons, and existing braking technology cannot be promoted ton marshalling in system-wide system normally and run and speed-raising.
The existing goods train braking technology of more external developed countries adopts Electronically Controlled Pneumatic Brake Systems, single-unit train air brake apparatus is controlled by the signal of telecommunication, make the braking of long, large each single-unit vehicle synchronous of marshalling heavy haul train group, this technology effectively can solve longitudinal inertial collision of Heavy-haul Freight train, is one of cutting edge technology developing heavily loaded large conveying quantity freight traffic technique.This technology has very generally adopted in North America, Australia etc. and has been referred to as ECP (Electronically Controlled Pneumatic).
ECP mainly comprises two types: one has cable to connect mode to be called for short ECP-L, transmits brake signal and regenerative braking information by the cable (being referred to as train bus-line) of through train total length.Such technology is only suitable for railway line for freight traffic transport, must use this technology under marshalling condition fixed by train, because train is fixedly connected with by cable, cannot tears zero at random open and to rearrange group.
Another kind is that wireless synchronous control mode is called for short ECP-C, utilizes the special-purpose assorted in-vehicle wireless communication device of marshalling adjacent of vehicle, sends braking information and regenerative braking execution information by wireless interface interface receipts and transmitting system.This technology is also only suitable for for railway line for freight traffic transport, also needs the fixing marshalling of train, because the adjacent one to one wave point of its employing.
The third ECP technology is referred to as ECP-R, is by a kind of special wireless network, is sent to by brake signal each vehicle of marshalling also can monitor the implementation status of brake signal in a network in real time.
The first technology is due to wired transmission signal, the power supply of its actuator also can pass through wire transmission, the second, the third technology belong to wireless communication technology, because goods stock does not have electric device, so the power supply of the signalling of vehicle just needs special power supply circuits, obviously, once Bu Shang supply line, the meaning of random marshalling has not just existed, and therefore needs a kind of these signallings of vehicle self-supporting power system to work.Self-supporting power two kinds of approach nothing but of vehicle, one is each joint goods train configuration storage battery, another kind is each joint goods train configuration generator, be adopt that mode all must choose lightweight, volume is little, good reliability, fail safe are good, energy savings and environmental protection.
Realize train self-supporting power and have following several approach;
1, relative wind during train high-speed cruising is utilized to drive wind power generation;
When 2, utilizing train high-speed cruising and the relative movement drives of the rail rotating excitation technology that rubs generate electricity;
When 3, utilizing train high-speed cruising, wheel tread and wheel-rail friction form tread high temperature thermo-electric generation;
Research shows, on wheel surface a bit, in the process that rotation of wheel one encloses, be subject to a thermal shock, and car speed is higher, the frequency of thermal shock is higher, and defeated people's frictional heat is more in turn by different contact point for wheel tread.
4, relative wind during train high-speed cruising is utilized to act on the energy conversion technique of cooling.
Although frictional heat thermal shock trailing wheel " cooling " effect to speed away track and surrounding air exists, but the speed of heat radiation is obviously slow than heating again, and car speed is higher, the accumulation of heat being subject to a front frictional heat is larger, and " cooling " be difficulty all the more.After continuing the superposition of temperature rise, the temperature of wheel tread is increased to certain temperature value, last demand fulfillment wheel tread with balance is reached to surrounding air heat loss through convection, continue the synergistic effect of temperature rise and convection current " cooling " effect of surrounding air and can maintain a stable state.
Two-Dimensional Steady State Analysis shows, roll than in situation at the car speed of 350km/h and the cunning of 10%, wheel surface maximum temperature can reach 800 DEG C, result of study shows, train is in traction/braking, and when such slip component is very large, Wheel Rail Contact temperature rise can reach a considerable numerical value; When running well, along with the raising of car speed, its absolute speed of slippage also improves greatly [Pei Youfu, etc. the finite element analysis [J] of Wheel Rail Contact temperature rise. Chinese railway science, 1996,17(4): 48-58].
Under different braking operating mode, the maximum temperature analysis and research of locomotive wheel tread show: 20 tons to 22.5 tons, speed 130 ~ 160Km/h, railway train wheel tread temperature 332.5 ~ 480 DEG C [Yu Lijuan. the Finite-Element Study [J] of locomotive wheel transient state temperature field. railway society, 1993,15(3): 11-16].
Sun Qiong research shows, when train high speed (250km/h) and high creep rate (10%), the highest Contact Temperature is up to 1102 DEG C with 1030 DEG C of [Sun Qiong, Deng. Wheel Rail Contact temperature rise and numerical analysis research [J] thereof. Chinese railway science, 1997,18(4): 14-24].
Above-mentioned research shows, during Selection utilization train high-speed cruising, wheel tread and wheel-rail friction form tread high temperature thermo-electric generation, without the need to increasing any load of train, belongs to pure Waste Heat Reuse.
Thermoelectric generation utilizes thermo-electric converting material to be directly electric energy by thermal energy, is a kind of all solid state power conversion mode, without the need to chemical reaction or fluid media (medium), therefore power generation process has noiseless, without wearing and tearing, No leakage, volume is little, lightweight, conveniently moving, the features such as long service life, in military affairs, space flight, some special dimensions such as microelectronics are widely used.
Thermo-electric generation principle, 3 basic effects had based on thermoelectric material, i.e. Peltier effect, Seebeck effect, Thomson effect, these 3 effects have established the basis of hot spot theory in thermodynamics, and thermo-electric generation is the Seebeck effect utilizing material, carry out power conversion by charge carrier (electric cave and hole).
One end of commodity thermoelectric power generation device N and P combines and is placed on high-temperature heating state, the other end is opened a way and is given cooling or low temperature, because the thermal excitation effect of temperature end is stronger, hole and the electron concentration of this end are higher than low-temperature end, under the driving of this carrier density gradient, hole and electronics spread to low-temperature end, thus form electrical potential difference at low temperature open end.By many, comprising modules couples together to P type and N-type focus transition material, just can obtain sufficiently high voltage and form a thermal generator.
Thermoelectric is the technology that research heat energy and electric energy are directly changed.Germany scientist Seebeck (Seebeck) has first found thermoelectric effect.Two kinds of different metals form closed-loop path, and when two ends, loop exist the temperature difference, by generation current in loop, this effect becomes the technical foundation of thermo-electric generation, is referred to as Seebeck effect.The operation principle of thermoelectric generator, based on Seebeck effect, adopts the P type N-type bi-material (as sige alloy, lead telluride) of the high figure of merit to be directly changed into heat energy into electric energy.
Thermoelectric components and parts are the device of solid state, mechanical moving component, noiseless during work, the life-span is long, volume is little, lightweight, do not need or only need very little maintenance.
Isotope thermoelectric generator is the accessory power supply of interstellar vehicle best up to now.The former Soviet Union and the U.S. are the countries that development and application isotope thermoelectric generator is maximum, since 1961, the isotope thermoelectric generator sum that only U.S. uses in space flight just reaches 40, the power output of these isotope thermoelectric generators is 2.7 ~ 300W, the longest operating time more than 30 years [Cai Shanyu. the application status and prospects [J] of Spatial Co-location element generating system. Nuclear Science And Engineering, 1994, 14 (4): 373 ~ 379] [Gao Min, Deng. Thermoelectric Generators For Space Applications [J]. China's Space science and technology, 1992, 06:27 ~ 33] [Rowe D M.Applications of Nuclear-powered Thermoelectric Generators in Space [J] .Applied Energy.1991, 40 (4): 241 ~ 271].
The Voyager 2's interplanetary flight device launched for 1977, uses
238pu isotope thermoelectric generator, has successfully leapt Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, and now flown out the solar system, and thermoelectric generator is still in normal work.
Report is had to utilize the used heat thermo-electric generation of fuel engines to succeed application, after multiple thermoelectric conversion element series/parallel, be fixed on diesel exhaust gas tube passage, side, device hot junction is discharge duct, cold junction side is heat exchanger [Kushch A.Theeffects of an exhaust thermoelectric generator of a GM sierra pickup truck [C] .2004DEERConference Coronado, California, USA, 2004].
Nissan motor corporation of Japan research center have developed exhaust thermoelectric generator, heat [the Ikoma K of 11% can be reclaimed, etal.Thermoelectric module and generator for gasoline engine vehicles, Proceedings of ICT, 1998,464 ~ 467].
Hi-Z company of the U.S. has carried out the research of diesel engine bogie exhaust heat thermo-electric generation under Ministry of Energy subsidizes, and has carried out stand and roadway experiment.Be arranged on the thermoelectric generator of diesel locomotive, the muffler that outer image one is vertical.By 72 pieces of HZ-14 modules circumferentially arranged on blast pipe, cold junction water cooling, define 250 ~ 270 DEG C of temperature difference, power [the Masahide M of 2000 ~ 4000W can be provided, et al.Thermoelectric generator utilizing automobile engine exhaustgas [J] .Thermal Science and Engineering, 2001,9:17 ~ 18].
The examples prove of thermo-electric generation, it is lightweight, volume is little, good reliability, and fail safe is good, energy savings environmental protection.
In existing document, no matter be use isotope as the thermo-electric generation of thermal source, or Hi-Z company of the U.S., the exhaust thermoelectric generator technology of Nissan motor corporation of Japan research center development all cannot be directly used in the frictional heat generating of the wheel tread of train, this used heat energy cannot be utilized, because, Hi-Z company of the U.S., Nissan motor corporation of Japan adopts heat transfer type, instead of utilize thermal-radiating power conversion mode, the heat energy that the wheel tread thermal radiation of train cannot use heat transfer type to make semiconductor thermoelectric generator obtain it realizes thermo-electric generation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome existing technical disadvantages, a kind of train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator is provided.
According to it is documented, 20 tons to 22.5 tons, speed 130 ~ 160Km/h, railway train wheel tread temperature 332.5 ~ 480 DEG C, the highest Contact Temperature is up to 1100 DEG C with 1030 DEG C.The present invention utilizes the thermal effect of railway train wheel tread to realize thermo-electric generation by radiant heat transfer, this waste heat source is converted to electric energy and provides power supply to Heavy-haul Freight train ECP (Electronically Controlled Pneumatic).
Train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator of the present invention is made up of thermal radiation heated sheet, hot junction conductive graphite sheet, semiconductor thermoelectric generator, cold junction conductive graphite sheet, convector radiator, air channel and baffler.The tread that the wheel of described thermal radiation heated sheet train is in opposite directions right is arranged, the thermal radiation of Railway wheelset tread is to thermal radiation heated sheet radiation heating, and thermal radiation heated sheet forms high temperature.Conduct heat in the more effective hot junction to semiconductor thermoelectric generator of high temperature in order to thermal radiation heated sheet, thermal radiation heated sheet is close to by the hot junction of hot junction conductive graphite sheet and semiconductor thermoelectric generator.In like manner, cold junction in order to semiconductor thermoelectric generator obtains better cooling, cold junction and the convector radiator contact-making surface of semiconductor thermoelectric generator have good heat conduction, by cold junction conductive graphite sheet close contact between the cold junction of conductor thermoelectric generator and convector radiator, to improve heat transfer efficiency.Convector radiator radiating surface is placed in air channel, and duct shield is on convector radiator.In order to the air-flow making the train speed of travel produce enters air channel and convector radiator heat convection, be provided with baffler at wind passage mouth, baffler guide functions, the air-flow produced when being walked by train imports in air channel.
In order to obtain larger radiation efficiency, the raying face of thermal radiation heated sheet is designed to many fins rectangular configuration.According to heat transfer theory, convection efficiency is directly proportional to heat exchange area, and heat exchange area is larger, and heat exchange efficiency is higher, in order to reach increase heat exchange area, convector radiator rib male structure is designed to stream interface.
Operation principle of the present invention and the course of work as follows:
During train operation, take turns right tread and track friction forms high temperature, the tread of thermal radiation heated sheet Railway wheelset is in opposite directions in heating status, forms high temperature.The heat of thermal radiation heated sheet raying heat is conducted heat to the hot junction of semiconductor thermoelectric generator by hot junction conductive graphite sheet, the hot-side temperature of semiconductor thermoelectric generator raises, cold junction and the cold junction conductive graphite sheet of semiconductor thermoelectric generator are close to installation, cold junction conductive graphite sheet is close to convector radiator and is installed, make it heat transfer good, convector radiator is installed among air channel, and convector radiator is cooled by the airflow convection entering air channel from baffler water conservancy diversion during train operation.According to it is documented, railway train wheel tread temperature 332.5 ~ 480 DEG C, relative to 45 DEG C, ambient temperature air-flow during train operation, that is convection current coolant temperature 45 DEG C.As long as train is in running status, from the effect of the air-flow maintenance convection current cooling that the speed of train walking produces, the hot junction of its semiconductor thermoelectric generator and cold-end temperature difference reach the data 250 DEG C ~ 270 DEG C of the diesel engine bogie exhaust heat thermo-electric generation of Hi-Z company of the U.S..Document describes Hi-Z company of U.S. development temperature difference electricity generation device in 250 DEG C ~ 270 DEG C temperature ranges, can send the electrical power of 2000 ~ 4000W.
The present invention utilizes the thermal effect of railway train wheel tread to realize thermo-electric generation, this waste heat source is converted to electric energy and provides power supply to Heavy-haul Freight train ECP, for the development heavy duty large conveying quantity freight traffic technique of China provides train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator, promote " medium-term and long-term railway network development plan " to implement technical support, technology upgrading transformation process is carried out at existing 650,000 goods trains, train self-supporting power has the very wide market demand, except bringing social benefit, itself also has considerable economic implications.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator structural representation of the present invention, in figure, take turns 1, thermal radiation heated sheet 8, hot junction conductive graphite sheet 2, semiconductor thermoelectric generator 3, cold junction conductive graphite sheet 4, convector radiator 5, air channel 6, baffler 7;
Fig. 2 is the A of Fig. 1---A cutaway view, in figure, take turns 1, thermal radiation heated sheet 8, hot junction conductive graphite sheet 2, semiconductor thermoelectric generator 3, cold junction conductive graphite sheet 4, convector radiator 5, air channel 6;
Fig. 3 is thermal radiation heated sheet 9 schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is convector radiator 6 schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator of the present invention, comprises thermal radiation heated sheet 8, hot junction conductive graphite sheet 2, semiconductor thermoelectric generator 3, cold junction conductive graphite sheet 4, convector radiator 5, air channel 6, baffler 7.
Thermal radiation heated sheet 8 is taken turns in opposite directions and is installed 1 tread, hot junction conductive graphite sheet 2 is close to the hot junction of semiconductor thermoelectric generator 3, semiconductor thermoelectric generator 3 cold junction is close to cold junction conductive graphite sheet 4, cold junction conductive graphite sheet 4 is close to by convector radiator 5, air channel 6 covers on convector radiator 5, and baffler 7 is arranged on the porch in air channel 6.
During train operation, take turns to 1 tread and track friction form high temperature, thermal radiation heated sheet 8 takes turns the tread to 1 in opposite directions, be in thermal radiation state formed high temperature.The heat of thermal radiation heated sheet 8 raying heat is conducted heat to the hot junction of semiconductor thermoelectric generator 3 by hot junction conductive graphite sheet 2, the hot-side temperature of semiconductor thermoelectric generator 3 raises, the convector radiator 5 be close to of the cold junction of semiconductor thermoelectric generator 3 and cold junction conductive graphite sheet 4 is cooled by the air-flow entering air channel 6 from baffler 7 during train operation, as long as train keeps running status, the hot junction of semiconductor thermoelectric generator 3, always be in thermal radiation state, the cold junction of semiconductor thermoelectric generator 3 is always in the air-flow state of cooling by entering air channel 6 from baffler 7, semiconductor thermoelectric generator 3 hot junction and cold-end temperature difference are in persistent state, semiconductor thermoelectric generator 3 also just maintains and continues generating.
According to it is documented, railway train wheel tread temperature can reach 332.5 ~ 480 DEG C, relative to 45 DEG C, ambient temperature air-flow during train operation, the hot junction radiation heating temperature of semiconductor thermoelectric generator 3 and the cold junction convection current chilling temperature 45 DEG C of semiconductor thermoelectric generator 3, hot junction, cold-end temperature difference reach 278.5 ~ 435.5 DEG C.
As shown in Figure 3, in order to improve the thermal radiation area of thermal radiation heated sheet 8, the heating surface of thermal radiation heated sheet 8 is many fins rectangular configuration.
As shown in Figure 4, in order to improve convector radiator 5 heat convection area, convector radiator 5 be rib male structure to stream interface.
Claims (3)
1. a train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator, it is characterized in that, described thermal generator comprises thermal radiation heated sheet (8), hot junction conductive graphite sheet (2), semiconductor thermoelectric generator (3), cold junction conductive graphite sheet (4), convector radiator (5), air channel (6) and baffler (7); The wheel of described thermal radiation heated sheet (8) train is in opposite directions arranged the tread of (1), and thermal radiation heated sheet (8) is close to by the hot junction of hot junction conductive graphite sheet (2) with semiconductor thermoelectric generator (3); The hot junction of semiconductor thermoelectric generator (3) is close in hot junction conductive graphite sheet (2), the cold junction of semiconductor thermoelectric generator (3) is close to cold junction conductive graphite sheet (4), and cold junction conductive graphite sheet (4) is close to by convector radiator (5); Air channel (6) covers on convector radiator (5); Baffler (7) is arranged on air channel (6) porch.
2. according to train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the heating surface of described thermal radiation heated sheet (8) is many fins rectangular configuration.
3., according to train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described convector radiator (5) be rib male structure to stream interface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310312602.6A CN103427718B (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2013-07-24 | Train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310312602.6A CN103427718B (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2013-07-24 | Train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103427718A CN103427718A (en) | 2013-12-04 |
| CN103427718B true CN103427718B (en) | 2015-07-22 |
Family
ID=49652005
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310312602.6A Expired - Fee Related CN103427718B (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2013-07-24 | Train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103427718B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105207527B (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-07-11 | 国家电网公司 | Thermo-electric generation electronic equipment charger |
| IT201700102064A1 (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-12 | Itt Italia Srl | Brake pad with thermoelectric energy recuperator for braking system |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012127386A1 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-09-27 | Basf Se | Exhaust train having an integrated thermoelectric generator |
| CN202926933U (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2013-05-08 | 朱克荣 | Automobile brake temperature detection alarm device |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100072943A1 (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2010-03-25 | Energy Recovery Technology, Llc | Vehicle energy recovery system |
-
2013
- 2013-07-24 CN CN201310312602.6A patent/CN103427718B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012127386A1 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2012-09-27 | Basf Se | Exhaust train having an integrated thermoelectric generator |
| CN202926933U (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2013-05-08 | 朱克荣 | Automobile brake temperature detection alarm device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103427718A (en) | 2013-12-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106848496B (en) | Fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system based on thermoelectric generation | |
| CN101900021A (en) | Efficient and light weight thermoelectric waste heat recovery system | |
| CN201080865Y (en) | Automobile residual heat thermoelectric generation device | |
| US20100072943A1 (en) | Vehicle energy recovery system | |
| CN102664292A (en) | Radiating and cooling device for power battery | |
| JP2007331745A (en) | Vehicle body panel/energy generation system and method of generating and using power inside vehicle | |
| Zuo et al. | Energy harvesting solutions for railway transportation: A comprehensive review | |
| CN102148412A (en) | Automatic control cooling device of battery pack of electric passenger vehicle | |
| JP2010166675A (en) | Laser beam feeding system for moving body | |
| EA014267B1 (en) | Wind turbine mounted on car | |
| CN103368470A (en) | Waste heat recovery device | |
| CN103166528A (en) | Thermoelectric generator of vehicle | |
| CN103427718B (en) | Train wheel set tread thermal radiation temperature difference generator | |
| Fairbanks | Thermoelectric applications in vehicles status 2008 | |
| CN206575343U (en) | A kind of automotive residual heat multi- scenarios method thermo-electric generation system | |
| CN103993938A (en) | Tail gas waste heat recovery power generation device of internal combustion engine | |
| CN103287255A (en) | Differential-temperature-driven vehicular energy storage system cooling device | |
| CN104779838A (en) | Automobile cooling liquid waste heat recycling device | |
| Miller et al. | Fuelcell hybrid locomotives: applications and benefits | |
| CN200997576Y (en) | Generater by exhausting temperature different for automobile | |
| Wojciechowski et al. | Study of recovery of waste heat from exhaust of automotive engine | |
| GB2252817A (en) | Heat transport apparatus | |
| CN107482954B (en) | Energy recycling system and vehicle | |
| Balabel et al. | Towards sustainable transportation: The development of hyperloop technology in Saudi Arabia | |
| CN203104337U (en) | Power generation apparatus utilizing motor-vehicle exhaust pipe waste heat |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20150722 Termination date: 20170724 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |