CN1034265A - Method for controlling blasting operations - Google Patents
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- CN1034265A CN1034265A CN 88100641 CN88100641A CN1034265A CN 1034265 A CN1034265 A CN 1034265A CN 88100641 CN88100641 CN 88100641 CN 88100641 A CN88100641 A CN 88100641A CN 1034265 A CN1034265 A CN 1034265A
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Abstract
The method that the data prediction bursting work that a kind of application obtains from one or more single cartridge bag explosions causes at the ground vibration and the airborne noise of any position.By adopting the convolution in frequency domain, considered large coating dosage non-linear vibration, make debatable ground vibration and airborne noise reduce to the optimum excitating frequency (ignition time delay) of minimum degree thereby concluded.This method can also be obtained optimal number, position and the useful load of borehole and cartridge bag number and the position that the unit time delay causes, and makes the removing of topsoil reach peak efficiency and the unlikely structure on every side that undermine.
Description
The present invention relates to bursting work, the bursting work that particularly cooperates mining (for example mine or underground coal mining in ground) to be carried out.In the surface mining operation, come out for making mineral deposit (for example coal seam), need to remove topsoil usually.Topsoil is to loosen the soil or be not difficult to be removed with general earthmoving equipment during loose rock-like mass.When topsoil is highly fixed soil layer or rock stratum (for example limestone or sandstone), before removing topsoil, just must adopts bursting work that topsoil is exploded usually and fragmentate.Sometimes such bursting work also can make it that topsoil material is thrown into or throws away in the mine that had originally excavated.This has obviously saved and has removed needed time of broken topsoil and equipment expense from the coal seam.
Carry out the bursting work meeting in the colliery, ground and cause the height vibration on stratum and the noise of in air, propagating.When the place of ground mining during near important structure (for example dwelling house, building, tower building, pipeline etc.), caused vibration of explosion and noise might destroy structure.The public's subjective assessment that noise and vibration are thought to destroy structure structure or damage to the environment can cause also that complaints are heard everywhere in addition, worsening of relations and lawsuit lawsuit etc. between the unit.Therefore explosion is not that must to observe the rules of the qualification blashole charge amount of strict (and conservative) be exactly to control each blasting process, guarantees that they meet vibration criterion.These effect of constraint value carry out the mode of explosion, need extra time, equipment, personnel and explosive simultaneously, everything all affects the explosion industry economically.
Soil property around bursting work is given has been imported a large amount of impact energys.Some form with vibration wave of this impact energy blazes abroad from the blast area.If the stimulating frequency of multiple medicines bag explosion is consistent with the preferential answering frequency of ground motion, even the then very little ground motion that has excited amplitude also can evoke to enlarge.If ground motion response frequency consistent with near the resonance frequency of structure (this just often has this situation when the bursting work of coal topsoil), the structure motion that will enlarge, and structural damage might appear.Concerning the house, the resonance of total is that the frequency 4～10 hertz between takes place haply, and the resonance of the wall roughly frequency between 10～25 hertz takes place.Definite frequency depends on the performance of the geometry of structure and material and decides.
Although carrying out extensive work and research in the art, still requiring further improvement aspect the method and apparatus of amplitude, frequency and the duration of caused vibration of controlled blasting and noise better at present.In addition, this improvement should be that that be easy to promote in work unit is a kind of, make the Field Force both available it prevent structural damage, available again its solve problem that the public was concerned about.In addition, still need further to improve topsoil at present and remove efficiency of operation, for example by improving degree of crushing, degrees of expansion and the throwing amount etc. of the topsoil material of dishing out from the coal seam.
Although it seems that most of achievements in research of being reported in the explosion document so far make people have gained some understanding to basic excitation principle and oscillation phenomenon, the amplitude or the frequency that reach accurate prediction vibration are limited eventually on function.In addition, also be confined to according to general signal processing technologies of technical field such as other engineering and geophysicses in measurement and analytical method aspect.
Two pieces of research reports exception is arranged, be worth us to note, one piece is people's such as Xi Sijin research report (Siskind, D.E., Stagg, M.S., Kopp, J.W. and Dowding, C.H., 1980 " by the structural response that ground vibration produced and the destruction of mineral deposit, ground explosion ", colliery office survey report, 8507), another piece is people's such as Anderson research report, nineteen eighty-two, (Anderson D.A., Ninzer, S.R., and Ritter, A.P., nineteen eighty-two, " making the blasting Design of fragmentation process optimization in the time of control ground vibration frequency ", the 8th explosive and blasting technique minutes, explosive IEEE).Article (1985 the) (Anderson that people such as these two parts of publications and Anderson write, D.A., Ritter, A.P., Winzer, S.R., and Reil, J.W., 1985, " the on-the-spot concrete prediction of the ground vibration that explosion causes and the method for control " the 11 explosive and blasting technique minutes, explosive IEEE) knowledge of fully summarizing this respect technical field evolutionary process in the listed document.
Mineral bureau (BOM) carried out being intended to illustrate the comprehensive experimental research (people such as Siskind) of the distant effect of frequency, blashole charge amount and blasting vibration to the influence of structural response and destruction.But topsoil that this research institute provides and constructional materials type are various, and DATA DISTRIBUTION is on 1～2 order of magnitude.Therefore these results can not be in order to the maximum velocity (being called particle peak velocity (PPV) amplitude) of a certain specific mining area of accurately predicting topsoil material, because excitation process, ground and structure frequency all are unknown to the influence of providing data.The best practice is to use the BOM data PPV amplitude of the limiting value that can guarantee not exceed rules and stipulate is made the estimation of extremely guarding.
Therefore surface mining office (OSM) (surface mining office, nineteen eighty-three " surface mining and fill operation; The application of permanent pipe cave Jin explosive; General operation or work standard; The license application " federal rules, March 8 nineteen eighty-three) according to the result of study of BOM, formally passed through the blasting vibration rules.These rules admit that three kinds of methods (promptly maximum total PPV method, Furthest Neighbor and PPV frequency diagram solution in proportion) of bursting work display consistency are legal.If a company can show that they have and allow that they use the PPV accurately predicting method than the bigger blashole charge amount of OSM regulation and stipulation by measuring and analyzing, then they just can postpone to cause the higher blashole charge amount of explosion employing each.Main purpose of the present invention provides this improved method.
The researcher in present technique field just recognizes and can utilize suitable ignition to postpone to control vibration frequency, reduces Oscillation Amplitude and shorten vibration duration up to date, strengthen or the ripple that eliminates stress, and the fragmentation that makes the topsoil material reaches optimization (people such as Anderson, 1982).Although the electric fixtures of controlled blasting excitation pulse frequency has been arranged at present, this so far method adopts seldom.
Recently, people (1985) such as Anderson has reported a kind of scene that bursting work causes technical method of surface vibration particularly of predicting.Also can be referring to people such as Anderson article (Anderson of nineteen eighty-three, D.A, Winzer S.R. and Ritter.A.P., 1983, " the comprehensive delay that the ground vibration that the prediction explosion causes is used and the relation curve of frequency " record of international symposium for the third time that auxiliary earthquake divides folding and differentiates about electronic computer, institute of electrical and electronic engineers).This technical method is a ground response time experience of measuring earlier single cartridge bag explosion, and then the time-domain signal stack (addition) that repeatedly this has been postponed in time, draws out the time experience of multiple medicines bag response.Repeating this program in time delay on a large scale.So just can on the relation curve of time delay and frequency, draw out the amplitude rate range of the multiple medicines bag blast signal that is doped.Just can choose the optimum delay time that meets existing generally acknowledged explosion practice law then, to reach the vibration that suitably is reduced under the critical ground frequency.This addition method means that the response curve of ground motion is linear, be that amount of deflection is little, this is to it is generally acknowledged the hypothesis that can not set up usually, and particularly (the blashole charge amount that fragmentation explosion of for example surperficial colliery and the native operation of throwing are used) is all the more so under the big situation of the blashole charge amount of each delay blasting.
Nonlinear effect is that (1985) propose by people such as Anderson are brief in the past, postpones till afterwards and introduces.But people such as Wei Yinzhi (Winzer, S.R., Anderson, D.A., Ritter, A.P., Holloway, D.C., and Thomas, H.E., 1983, " fragmentation in the bursting work and the research of vibration mechanism ", Martin horse Rieter laboratory Final Report, the american energy Ministry of Construction, No. 14357, DE-AC01-80ET) noticed big in some blashole charge amount, have time delay and eyelet to be separated by to exist the strong non-linear effect in the explosion of field of opencast mining of combination.This paper is also said (the 23rd page), and this becomes linear superposition and makes us being difficult to accepting.Therefore obviously prior art exists the important irrational place of possibility.
The present invention is the achievement that a kind of on-the-spot know-how is studied, and this scene know-how also is to have used the measurement result (wavelet) of the ground motion response of single cartridge bag explosion.But the present invention has adopted the complex frequency domain characteristic of wavelet to select the best to excite time delay together with synthetic multiple medicines bag excitation signal, to reach the purpose that makes ground vibration degree minimum.Then carry out the frequency domain convolution to predict the vibration situation of this minimum.Therefore the present invention has illustrated in the topsoil bursting work usually the reason of the nonlinear vibration response that produces because of the blashole charge amount that adopts big unit time delay.
Test shows, uses the energy minimum that this FREQUENCY CONTROL method makes the loss that shoots out from the blast area width of cloth, can in blast area itself, more effectively utilize blast can, improve fragmentation, bloatedization and the throwing effect of topsoil material.Because this method blashole charge amount of allowing in each time delay is more much bigger than measuring possible the consumption that Furthest Neighbor originally thought, so can identify again many present general blasting procedures (empirical method) now.These comprise the power factor of being recommended, spacing-duty factor, the blasting charge number of unit time delay, time delay of unit spacing or the like.
The benefit (this is that the time superposition method of Anderson and this frequency convolution improved method are intrinsic) of measuring single cartridge bag explosion wavelet is, as long as a certain ad-hoc location adds the ground that the measuring point of being concerned about can be accurately calibrated in a pulse in the mining area, promptly need not to know the details and the geometry of topsoil material, because all variablees all are included in the wavelet of accurately measuring.
As a most preferred embodiment of the present invention, transferring each work unit for ease of this new technology is also used by them, software system suitably is programmed on the personal computer, therefore middle at the scene practicality is got up very convenient, also is very easy to the explosion personnel in the application of equipment, software and the training of aspects such as measurement, analysis, prediction, minimization and control program.
Therefore the present invention is to provide a kind of like this method, in this way can Accurate Analysis, prediction, the caused ground vibration of controlled blasting operation and airborne noise, and make them reduce to minimum degree.Particularly, this method is to start with from measuring single cartridge bag explosion vibrational energy that is produced of detonating.Vibration wave (or wavelet) is preferably measured on a plurality of prepositions.The vibratory response of the present invention's multiple medicines bag explosion of under various time delay, igniting according to measured response prediction then.The present invention also provides to make to ignite single or reach optimization in groups the time delay between the cartridge bag and has made other undesirable frequency reach minimum method simultaneously with the vibration wave that generation has desirable frequency.
Method of the present invention in addition also provides to calculate to ignite single or make the time delay between the cartridge bag topsoil material that is eliminated reach optimal cases in groups and has made the measure that the damage of structure is on every side reached minimum simultaneously.Particularly, can reduce making the low frequency vibration of structure destruction on every side the time delay that this method is measured, simultaneously the higher-frequency frequency be brought up to maximum value so that remove topsoil to greatest extent by improving fragmentation, bloatedization or throwing effect.
Therefore in a most preferred embodiment, the invention provides a kind of on-the-spot special-purpose mensuration, analysis, prediction, control is by caused ground vibration of breaking ground operation and airborne noise and make them reach the method for minimum degree.The concrete practice of this method is to send one or more pulse excitations on the position corresponding the exciting of relevant earth formation earlier, produces excitation signal by these pulse excitations again.This is preferably by finishing detonating of (" explosive " speech broad sense referring in order to produce any medicament that suitable explosion is used in this manual) such as a plurality of single cartridge bag blasting agents, explosives, the explosive payload difference of each explosive is to measure the explosive payload ratio relevant with frequency.In addition, at least one multiple medicines bag explosion can be detonated under the situation of different explosive payloads and at least one delayed action cartridge bag.In addition, excitation signal also can be formalized by the cartridge bag that uses in the explosion of multiple medicines bag unit time delay to have different explosive payloads.Excite the positions beyond the position to measure vibration and the noise response that is produced simultaneously from a plurality of then, producing corresponding time domain response signal, and obtain distance relevant and angle ratio with frequency.Secondly from measured vibration and noise the time domain response signal is transformed into frequency domain, producing the complex frequency domain transfer function between particular excitation and the relevant response position, thereby calibrates near the earth formation in explosion scene effectively.
Secondly compound frequency domain transfer function and the best excitation signal of synthetic multiple medicines bag explosion complex frequency domain are combined, so that predict the compound frequency domain response of a plurality of minimum multiple medicines bag explosion.This finishes like this: before this by selecting the dominant frequency component to comprise that the identification of antiresonant frequency substantially of subharmonic and harmonics frequency component reduces to minimum linearity and non-linear optimum frequency with vibration.Use the best excitation signal of corresponding a plurality of synthetic multiple medicines bag explosion complex frequency domain again, according to providing a plurality of only predictions to select for the selected all parameters of realization optimization.Then, according to these optimum frequencies through identification, comprise compensating non-linear response effect (these effects are because in synthetic exciting, comprised the sub-harmonic wave of weighted sum phasing of basic frequency and harmonic wave and produce), corresponding a plurality of optimal selection signals are synthesized.
Most preferred embodiment of the present invention is subsequent to be to adopt one of them multiple medicines bag explosion complex frequency domain response prediction and convert thereof into time-domain function to specify best explosion stimulating frequency and time delay, so that caused vibration of bursting work and airborne noise reduce to minimum degree.From the frequency domain size and the frequency distribution thereof of Oscillation Amplitude as can be seen that is provided, the size and the duration of Oscillation Amplitude then represented in the time domain response prediction.
In most preferred embodiment, accuracy and efficient have further been improved by Several Methods.A kind of method is to adopt single time delay detonating primer (promptly the time delay of all detonating primers is identical).Another kind method is to change response prediction, and way is to ignite multiple medicines bag, time-delay cartridge bag examination explosion successively, changes excitation signal then and makes it quick-fried consistent with examination.The result who does like this makes ground vibration and airborne noise reduce to minimum degree, and has improved the utilization rate of explosion energy in the blast area, thereby has improved fragmentation, bloatedization and the throwing situation of topsoil.
Therefore an object of the present invention is to provide the method for the caused vibration of a kind of improved control stratum explosive blasting operation, this method can analyze explosion stimulating frequency and time delay to the relation between the formed vibration, and the corresponding quantitative forecast of its consequence is provided with this relation then; In the method, initial excitation signal is to generate by igniting at least one blasting charge at the ad-hoc location on relevant stratum; In the method, the vibratory response that initial explosive charge is produced is in another position finding, to produce corresponding time domain response signal; In the method, can between relevant particular excitation and response position, produce the complex frequency domain transfer function, thereby effectively calibrate near the earth formation the explosion scene from measured vibration; In the method, then be that the best excitation signal of complex frequency domain transfer function and the multiple medicines bag explosion complex frequency domain that is synthesized is combined to obtain the prediction to the response of multiple medicines bag explosion complex frequency domain, in the method, then make best explosion stimulating frequency and time delay, with the caused vibration of controlled blasting operation with this complex frequency domain response prediction; Purpose of the present invention promptly with economical, uncomplicated, compliance is strong and reliable method realizes above-mentioned purpose and purposes, it is little that this method implements cost, very easily is adapted to control may using the most widely of the caused vibratory response of breaking ground operation.
Can know from following introduction, accompanying drawing and claims and to recognize other purpose of the present invention and advantage.
Detailed introduction below reading in conjunction with the accompanying drawings just is easier to understand content of the present invention.In the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 removes the general bursting work schematic diagram of topsoil from being embedded in underground coal seam or similar mineral deposit;
Fig. 2 can contaminate barefoot in order to analysis, the げ wicked ⒔ of blasting vibration by the present invention〉the male tie pupa of rank land measure of 30 mu system pool magpie pounces on the silk ribbon mqb saddle bow of being satisfied and draws
Fig. 3 is the computer programs flow chart of the present invention in order to control electrical detonation detonator circuit.
The front is talked about, and the infringement problem of bursting work to the surrounding buildings thing studied by U.S. mineral bureau (people such as Siskind), and surface mining office (OSM 1983) has announced the bursting work rules according to the research.Determine that the regulation whether bursting work meets rules has three kinds of methods.Particularly, one of them method is that the peak-peak speed (PPV) apart from the nearest particle of structure in the surface mining operation is limited in following scope:
1.25 inch per second, D≤300 foot
PPV≤1.00 inch per seconds, 300≤foot D≤5000 foot (1)
0.75 inch per second, D＞5000 foot
Wherein D is the distance to structure.
Verify above-mentioned PPV value although need to measure here, need not to illustrate and vibrate relevant frequency.
Second method can be determined the maximum blashole charge amount that can utilize the 8 millisecond delay times between each cartridge bag ignition to ignite.
Expression formula is:
W＝（D/Ds）
2（2）
Wherein to equal apart from nearest building be the distance of unit with the foot to D, and the Ds item equals 50,55 in the given distance range of above-mentioned equation (1), 65(foot/pound
1/2).Adopt these formula can guarantee not exceed the PPV value of equation (1),, in equation, leave sizable leeway for guaranteeing this point.
Except that above-mentioned, the third method can determine below shown in the PPV value relevant with frequency:
.1875f inch per second (1 hertz≤f≤4 hertz)
PPV(f)≤.75 inch per second (4 hertz≤f≤11.25 hertz) (3)
.0667f inch per second (11.25 hertz≤f＜30 hertz)
2.00 inch per second (f 〉=30 hertz)
Equation (3) is to derive out from the curve that OSM announces, and is transformed into mathematic(al) representation.If certain company can accurately measure by Measurement and analysis when using bigger blashole charge amount or predict the PPV value, and is no more than above-mentioned level, then the said firm just can arbitrarily use bigger blashole charge amount.
The present invention is according to the amplitude-frequency and the duration of multiple medicines bag bursting work prediction vibration.Particularly, the present invention uses single cartridge bag explosion (pulse excitation) and make vibration in the soil layer at certain selected scene.Some measure ground vibration on selected point around single cartridge bag, and calculate the wavelet that single cartridge bag produces.Utilization provides prediction from single cartridge bag explosion wavelet the present invention that single cartridge bag explosion measures to the vibratory response that has the multiple medicines bag bursting work of different delay between igniting at each cartridge bag.This prediction is carried out in frequency domain, and the influence of big displacement and nonlinear response has also been included.
The present invention rents convolution theory and represents vibratory response in the time domain with following formula:
V
i（t）＝I
i（t）
＊h
ii（t） （4）
V
j（t）＝i
i（t）
＊h
ij（t）
In following formula, V is vibratory response, and i is excitation pulse, and h is a transfer function, and t is the time, and subscript i and j represent concrete measuring position, and * represents convolution.These equations can be transformed into frequency domain through Fourier transform and establish an equation to draw down:
V
i(f) = I
i(f) · H
ii(f)
V
j(f) = I
i(f) · H
ij(f) （5）
Wherein f is a frequency, an expression complexor.Go up size and phase component that ice-cold plural number can be transformed into them, the equation of representing with their size below drawing through being divided by:
T
ij(f)= (V
i(f))/(V
i(f)) = (H
ij(f))/(H
ii(f)) （6）
T wherein
IjBe acoustic propagation coefficient, promptly propagate into the fraction of position j in the vibration of position i.
Frequency analysis also can be carried out on the basis of the measured response data in each position when single cartridge bag explosion, so that the V of the propagation loss that expression produces with the increase apart from the distance at a certain particular shot scene to be provided
i, T
IjWith.
We also can carry out deconvolution from the stratum system transfer function to multiple medicines bag explosion priming effect to the data applying frequency analytic approach measured in each position.In equation (5), the H item of single cartridge bag and the explosion of multiple medicines bag equates that (because they only have nothing to do with the details that excites of similar scope with all relating to parameters of system) is so draw;
Therefore if the single cartridge bag of hypothesis excites dirac (Dirac) the δ impulse function that is similar to blashole charge discharge amplitude A, then equation (7) expression multiple medicines bag is ignited the frequency of series,
(f) roughly measure by the amplitude that excites constant in relevant frequency range.The multiple medicines bag that equation (7) inverse-Fourier transform has been become time domain to draw to standardize swashs series
(t).
From as can be seen above, if know the response of single cartridge bag explosion in this position, just might be to the explosion cartridge bag of any number and the forecast of distribution of time amplitude, frequency and the duration at the ground motion of a certain ad-hoc location.Particularly, by igniting the bed response of single cartridge bag explosion and a plurality of positions of measurement, on a certain specific mining scene, measure.Just might excite according to these measurement results they are carried out convolution, the response that in these positions the multiple medicines bag is excited with prediction ground with the multiple medicines bag.
Referring to Fig. 1, this is the schematic diagram at general surface mining scene, needs to remove topsoil 10 to expose matchmaker's layer 12 in this scene.Particularly, topsoil generally can be made up of shale, sandstone or limestone, and ore bed 12 generally can be the coal seam.Topsoil can be by being removed with machinery after explosion fragmentation and the pineization.But in some cases, preferably will cast the coal seam aside on the direction of topsoil with arrow 11, so just only need to remove minimum topsoil and come out in the coal seam with the labour.This reduces the total spending of mining certainly.The common practice is to get out a series of shot holes, fills then with suitable explosive, ignites these explosives by predetermined order again.For example, can get out at 13 places with 1,2,3,4, the 5 five explosive holes of representing.These holes are drilled to same figure usually, can be to line up rectangular graph one by one, also can be staggered every row, thereby make echelon 14 in a straight line.The common practice is to get out 1 to 400(or more) individual hole, and powder charge in the onepull operation.One or more cartridge bags can be adorned in each hole.Can see two blastings charge that separate 15 in Fig. 1, each blasting charge is adorned 25 to 4000 pounds explosive usually.
In the general practice, each cartridge bag is not ignited usually simultaneously, but adds a certain specific time delay, so that get a desired effect.These time delays trigger detonating primer by means of the electricity with a plurality of predetermined different inner time delays often and can provide the assembly of the blaster of time delay to put into effect between different detonating primer circuit.Ignite each blasting charge then one at a time, be equipped with the time delay of suitable control between each is ignited.
One of important improvement that the present invention did is can adopt in case of necessity the electric initiation of single time delay detonator is only arranged.In other words, each blasting charge is to load with the detonating primer with same time delay.These identical time delays are quite grown (for example greater than 100 milliseconds), just have abundant detonator to be excited before first blasting charge is detonated like this.This can prevent to be cut off (wire fracture of for example, guiding to detonator) because of ground motion makes detonation circuit.Like this, in the present invention, the time delay between the blasting charge in groups of between each blasting charge or together igniting is can make and have adjustable delay time between many circuit the sequence blasting machine of the time delay increment of millisecond meter (for example with) to provide by microelectronic computer and appropriate software or one.Be noted that employing can produce the frequency of minimum vibration (the routine number of time delay), then the unit time delay can adopt than originally thinking possible more borehole dose.Therefore, use a plurality of blastings charge that the present invention just was not difficult to ignite simultaneously in a row or became arrangements such as echelon now, and the still unlikely requirement that exceeds the vibration rules of talking about previously.Therefore, the extra blasting charge of various explosive payloads by various blashole charge amount, each hole are provided or unit time delay, echelon etc. can adopt different explosive payloads in each time delay.
Recall in bursting work, except that will removing topsoil 10, also need to prevent to damage as the building on every side shown in 20 among the figure, then the present invention had both solved easily and also can meet this requirement fully.As mentioned above, the step of method of the present invention is as follows: at first ignite the single test explosion at selected mining scene, be determined at least one position or near the vibration of on-the-spot stratum then.Single explosion bulge test preferably includes one or more explosives that one or more cartridge bags are housed.Measure to obtain at the on-the-spot various different distance of distance explosion place then and realize the needed enough data of method of the present invention.One draws after the ground response, the present invention with that to the multiple medicines bag explosion predict, as shown in Figure 1.
In the face of the response of multiple medicines bag explosion, method of the present invention also provides the removing that makes topsoil optimization except that predictably, makes simultaneously the measure such as the destructiveness minimum of the surrounding buildings thing of building 20.Particularly, we find, if controlled (preferably being controlled at 15 to 40 milliseconds (frequency is 25～67 hertz) between each time delay when removing the topsoil in colliery, ground) time delay, then the blast of Xing Chenging contains bigger in fact high frequency excitation, and low-frequency excitation is reduced greatly.Certainly, low-frequency excitation is to produce the ground vibration that causes structure damage on every side.This all sets up concerning any bursting work (being colliery bursting work in addition), although frequency range (time delay) may change, as long as but guarantee main stimulating frequency fully above Ground aspect resonance frequency (master delay time ratio ground resonance time enough short) and with ground frequency minimum value (antiresonance) in full accord, always then above-mentioned situation is set up.
Referring now to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3,, more translate thin introduction below and preferably analyze and control program.
Flowchart text (Fig. 2)
The analysis of explosion vibration, predict and make it reduce to the method for minimum degree
Phase I: the response signal that preliminary treatment is measured
Step number
100-specific data word parameter: the Data Digital parameter comprises sample rate, number of vias and digitlization duration.The operator is with in these parameter input electronic computers, and computer is given Data Digital unit (multiprogramming device) transmission information then.Sample rate tells computer should adopt digitization rate how soon (in the per second sample number) to each data-signal or data channel.The number of vias parameter tells computer should scan which path in existing 16 paths.Duration parameter indicating data acquisition should last long (for example 10 seconds).
101-carries out digitlization to measured ground vibration and airborne noise response signal; The Data Digital process just lasts till till the expiration of (step number 100 sets) duration once starting.Data are moved on to the computer by biography from the multiprogramming device then.
102-removes DC component from each signal: with the direct current offset or the systematic offset set to zero of each path.Dc shift is to be introduced by the electronic equipment that measured signal is used, rather than the part of ground vibration signal.
103-identification signal type, position, direction, operation number and calibration factor: all in program 101 digitlization signal system arrange by the measuring position, and be equipped with signal type (being speed or acceleration), direction (X, Y, Z or M), operation number and calibration factor.Annotate: X, Y and Z are the vertical direction of ground vibration, and M represents the microphone path.
104-carries out position starting in time domain: usually the operator before the actual ground vibration signal occurs a few second progress of starting sequence 101.This program has been eliminated some seconds digitized electronic data before actual relevant vibration signal.
105-removes the back signal noise in the time domain: at this moment because the beginning of signal part is correctly in place, the electronic noise that occurs on path after relevant actual vibration data disappear just is transferred to zero.
106-calibrating signal: will be added on their corresponding signals at each calibration factor of step number 103 inputs.
107-carries out integration (in case of necessity) to signal: normally each is measured acceleration signal and be integrated into speed, because speed is at the general measurement value to ground vibration of explosion industry.Integration carries out in frequency domain.Usually be not carry out integration to speed and the acoustic signal of directly measuring.
108-establishes window (in case of necessity) for the signal in the time domain: at this moment can with exponential time window function correct on the mathematics by known mode be added to digitlization data on, to reduce the caused frequency noise of digitized process (aliasing).This exponential window need be with three parameters.These parameters are index decay (α), coefficient, window starting point and window terminating points.These coefficients are imported by the user.
109-is with time-domain signal Fourier transform complex frequency-domain signal (in case of necessity): sometimes go territory signal is carried out fast Fourier transform (FFT) to produce the complex frequency domain of each signal of expression (size and phase place).(fft algorithm is engineering and the known and general operation method of computer science professional.）
110-draws response signal graph (in case of necessity) in time domain and/or complex frequency domain: each signal curve can be drawn in time domain and/or frequency domain.
111-is stored in response signal in the medium: digitized signal can be stored now, as the application in program after a while.
Second stage: a measured response signal is standardized with another measured response signal.
First: extract real excitation signal out itself and synthetic excitation signal are compared
Second: the calibration of explosive payload, distance, direction etc.
120-reads two response signals from medium: from medium read two original digitlizations and the signal stored.Then electronic computer is checked the Data Digital parameter of two signals, is compatible to guarantee each signal.
121-establishes window (in case of necessity) for the signal in the time domain again: in case of necessity, can at this moment change the window of the signal in the program of being added to 108.
122-becomes complex frequency-domain signal (in case of necessity) with the time-domain signal Fourier transform: time-domain signal is transformed into complex frequency-domain signal.
123-draws signal curve (in case of necessity) in time domain and/or frequency domain: two signals can be depicted as signal amplitude to the size of time and/or signal spectrum and the phase place relation curve to frequency.
124-becomes complex frequency-domain signal with the time-domain signal Fourier transform: two time-domain signals all are transformed into complex frequency-domain signal.
125-removes another signal with a signal and obtains and excite or measure signal: this division arithmetic in frequency domain is eliminated from a signal and (deconvolution) influence of another signal.If dividend is multiple medicines bag explosion (MC) response, divisor is single cartridge bag explosion (SC) response, and then quotient is a multiple medicines bag explosion excitation signal.If two signals all are from similar explosion, for example SC explosion, then quotient is represented the relevant signal of measuring.
126-becomes time-domain signal with the complex frequency-domain signal inverse Fourier transform: this step number is that the contrary of step number 122 handled.But in most preferred embodiment, only change the contravariant of quotient signal into time domain.In case of necessity, dividend and divisor time-domain signal can obtain from memory bank.
127-removes existing time-domain window (in case of necessity) from signal: at this moment the quotient signal is time domain.It is included in the window features that is added to dividend and divisor-signal in step number 108 and 121.At this moment, can remove window from this quotient signal in case of necessity.
128-removes back data noises (in case of necessity) from signal: in general, the rear section of quotient signal is an electronic noise.In case of necessity, can remove this part signal.
129-draws signal curve (in case of necessity) in time domain and/or complex frequency domain: at this moment can time domain and/draw signal curve in the complex frequency domain.
130-is with signal storage (in case of necessity) on medium: in case of necessity, can at this moment the quotient signal storage be got up to be provided with the back and use.
Phase III: synthetic excitation signal and predicated response signal reduce to minimum degree so that will vibrate with noise.
140-reads a single cartridge bag explosion response signal from medium: although any signal that electronic computer in fact can receiving system produces, this signal normally produces in a stage.
141-standardizes to single cartridge bag explosion response signal with the suitable explosive payload factor of proportionality that second stage is determined: the signal that step number 140 is read is standardized to show the ratio of explosive payload.The explosive payload factor of proportionality is to be that single cartridge bag blast signal of two different explosive payloads quotient that draws of being divided by is determined in second stage as the function of frequency.
142-is from choosing greater than the minimum value (antiresonance) of single cartridge bag explosion response curve of main response frequency scope with so that the linear multiple medicines bag explosion response that dopes reduces to the best candidate stimulating frequency of minimum degree: by the frequency curve of observing the single cartridge bag explosion response signal of normalization and the frequency (minimum antiresonance) of choosing minimum response, determine the optimum delay time of using for the explosion of linear multiple medicines bag.Optimum linear time delay is the inverse of frequency for this reason.
143-144-obtains best excitation signal so that undesirable vibratory response is reduced to minimum degree by step number 143 or 144:
143-reads in excitation signal that second stage goes out by the calculated signals of being measured or at originally synthetic excitation signal of phase III from medium: the excitation signal in order to prediction multiple medicines bag explosion ground vibration can be the excitation signal of being stored in step number 130.Excite the multiple medicines bag explosion response that produces at reposition just must select this signal if think the result that the second stage of further verification procedure is obtained or want to use because of same from the single cartridge bag blast signal prediction in another location.
144-synthesizes excitation signal with the following step:
144(a) the cycle time-domain signal formed by fundamental frequency sine wave of a body plan.Count suitable weighting with phasing subharmonic and harmonic wave with the explanation nonlinear effect: be basic excitation frequency body plan signal cycle time.Then according to the concrete condition body plan subharmonic in analysis and signal cycle time of harmonic frequency, and suitably give weighting.According to the concrete condition in analysis with these cycle time signal be added on the baseband signal, the suitable phase place of each signal with respect to baseband signal is described.
144(b)-will synthesize excitation signal with the normalization single cartridge bag explosion response signal Fourier transform become complex frequency domain: two time-domain signals all are transformed into complex frequency-domain signal.
144(c)-choose and make nonlinear response be reduced to three basic stimulating frequencies of the best of minimum degree: be used in 144(a) in the excitation signal that produced in the normalized single cartridge bag explosion response signal of whole relevant fundamental frequency scope interscan.Choose three best fundamental frequencies that make nonlinear response reduce to minimum degree.
144(d)-select to be ready to use in the best fundamental frequency in the multiple medicines bag explosion response prediction: can suitably select for use 142 or 144(c) linear or non-linear optimum excitating frequency in the best or any other relevant frequency use for synthetic multiple medicines bag explosion excitation signal.
144(e)-and the suitable explosive payload ratio of Jia: at this moment the step number 125 explosive payload ratios relevant with frequency that draw can be added on the synthetic excitation signal.
144(f)-and suitable time domain setting coefficient that Jia draws from the second stage observed result: when the explosive payload of unit time delay was changing whole blasting method, the amplitude setting that should in time will synthesize excitation signal was to illustrate the reason of this vibration.Shaping process can be improved (as illustrated the step number 125) from the operating experience of analyzing the actual signal acquisition by utilizing before.
145-offers window (in case of necessity) in the time domain best excitation signal and the single cartridge bag explosion response signal of normalization with same being weighted in: added window class seemingly in added here window and program 108 and 121.
146-becomes complex frequency domain with the single cartridge bag explosion response signal of normalization with Fourier transform with the excitation signal of the best: this process adopts the same FFT subprogram that is adopted with step number 109.
147-multiply by prediction multiple medicines bag explosion minimum response mutually with best excitation signal and the single cartridge bag explosion response signal of normalization: in frequency domain these two composite signals are multiplied each other (convolution) to predict minimum response of multiple medicines bag explosion.
148-becomes time-domain signal with the complex frequency domain response signal that dopes with Fourier transform: this step number adopts contrary FFT conversion that the result of step number 147 is transformed into time domain.
149-removes the window (in case of necessity) of the multiple medicines bag explosion minimum response signal that dopes: in case of necessity, can at this moment remove the window that is added to each signal in step number 145.
150-draws the curve (in case of necessity) of the multiple medicines bag explosion minimum response signal of standardizing single cartridge bag explosion sound signal, best excitation signal and doping in time domain and/or complex frequency domain: at this moment the operator can be chosen in the curve of the signal that drafting is predicted out in time domain and the frequency domain arbitrarily.
151-will synthesize excitation signal and the response signal that dopes and be stored on the medium so that excite and respond with on-the-spot multiple medicines bag explosion of measuring later on and compared, and excite and respond correct according to this: the signal storage that dopes can be got up for the usefulness of analysis in the future.
Flowchart text (Fig. 3)
The computer control of electric cap circuit is ignited
Geometry, timing and the order of 200-regulation big gun hole arrangement parameter: big gun hole arrangement is input in the computer system via graphic alphanumeric display.Press row and column input big gun hole.A plurality of (layering) blasting charge can be equipped with in each big gun hole.The blasting charge of preparing to ignite is simultaneously all imported on the same blasting circuit.Shu Ru parameter is the constant delay time between each circuit at last.
201-is with manually the detonator circuit being connected on the junction box of line terminal: on-the-spot blasting circuit is connected to computer system.This step number is by manually carrying out, and for guaranteeing the handling safety of system, this step number is carried out at equipment power-on and self-test later.
202-check blasting circuit do not have open circuit, the situation of short circuit or overload.When having detected these situations, warn the explosion personnel and stop the explosion program.Print the circuit information slip: check each circuit do not have open circuit, the situation of short circuit and circuit overload.Opening circuit is because due to lead do not connect, and short circuit is intersected by lead and causes.Circuit overload be since be connected on detonating primer on the single circuit too many due to.If find any above-mentioned situation, before these situations were corrected, computer was to allow any circuit ignite.
203-then enters password so that the countdown that begins to ignite if circuit is all qualified through overtesting.Be the safety meter, the countdown process whenever before igniting, and the explosion program can abnormal ending: if it is all qualified to be used in whole blasting circuit via line tests of big gun hole arrangement, then can prepare to ignite.Be the safety meter, the user should be to password of computer input before computer begins the ignition program.Why needing password is in order to prevent the out of season ignition of on-the-spot explosion.After the password input, computer just begins to carry out the countdown program.In the countdown process, can make the ignition abnormal ending by any button of pushing on the computer keyboard.
204-then at the end ignites in countdown as if not abnormal ending: if countdown does not have abnormal ending, then at the end ignite in countdown.Countdown is lasted about 10 seconds.This shows that the present invention has many advantages.Specifically, it provides mensuration, analysis, prediction, has reduced and the ground vibration that the topsoil bursting work of control such as surface mining causes and the on-the-spot special method of airborne noise as far as possible.Field trial shows, this method can be in order to obtain near the mining site about the topsoil vibration of position and the feature of noise of air characteristic, selection makes vibration reduce to the optimum excitating frequency of minimum degree, measure and the synthetic multiple medicines bag explosion excitation signal that makes the Oscillation Amplitude minimum and shorten vibration duration, the multiple medicines bag blasting vibration response of accurately predicting in time domain and frequency domain, and accurately control is ignited to reach the vibration isolation of expection.Reduce to minimum degree (being about to energy limited in the blast area) by the vibrational energy that the blast area is emitted, reach method for optimizing with the cartridge bag number and the explosive payload that each is ignited of allowing time delay, can more effectively utilize the blast in the blast area itself can be with fragmentation, bloatedization and the throwing effect of raising topsoil by present technique.In all stages of present technique, comprise detonation, can at the scene or use personal electric computer hardware and software in the office environment.With early the time domain addition method relatively (in fact this method has limited adopting the prediction of the linear oscillator situation that little explosive payload run into when obtaining little deviation), the present invention has instructed and adopted convolution method in frequency domain, considers the Non-Linear Vibration that often runs under the big explosive payload large deviation of coal topsoil bursting work situation.The present invention also provides characteristic and the influence of direct understanding at relevant response position multiple medicines bag explosion excitation signal.
It should be understood that in addition, if that talks about earlier is such, when the explosive payload difference of the explosive payload of each time delay of multiple medicines bag explosion and the quick-fried bag of single cartridge bag not too big, thereby and when the position of measuring the place from igniting the position when enough far only producing little linear oscillator, so just can directly obtain the optimum excitating frequency (time delay) of linear multiple medicines bag explosion from single cartridge bag explosion complex frequency domain response characteristic, promptly this is the frequency of corresponding minimum (antiresonance) response.
Claims (21)
1, a kind of method of controlling the caused vibration of breaking ground operation is characterized in that, this method comprises the following steps:
On at least one first precalculated position, relevant stratum, ignite at least one predetermined blasting charge to produce a corresponding excitation signal;
On at least one precalculated position different, measure the vibratory response that is produced and produce corresponding time domain response signal with primary importance;
According to measured vibration produce specifically excite with relevant response position between the complex frequency domain transfer function, thereby calibrate near the explosion scene stratum effectively; With
Complex frequency domain transfer function and the best excitation signal of synthetic multiple medicines bag explosion complex frequency domain are combined with the response of prediction multiple medicines bag explosion complex frequency domain.
2, according to the method for claim 1, its feature also is, a plurality of single cartridge bag explosions are ignited.
According to the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that 3, the step of a plurality of single cartridge bag explosions of described ignition also comprises by igniting the different explosive payload explosion mensuration explosive payload ratio relevant with frequency.
4, according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, at least one multiple medicines bag explosion is ignited.
5, according to the method for claim 4, its feature is that also different explosive payloads is adopted in the explosion of multiple medicines bag.
6, according to the method for claim 5, its feature also is, adopts the explosive payload of different unit time delays to make the excitation signal setting.
7, according to claim 4,5 or 6 method, its feature is that also the explosion of multiple medicines bag comprises that at least one postpones the blasting charge that causes.
According to the method for above arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that 8, described determination step is also drawn together by there being a plurality of precalculated positions to measure the response that is produced simultaneously and obtained distance relevant with frequency and angle ratio.
9, according to the method with arbitrary claim, its feature also is, tries the quick-fried prediction that response is carried out of checking by the cartridge bag of igniting the multiple medicines bag successively and postpone to ignite.
10, according to the method for claim 9, it is characterized in that, change excitation signal and make it quick-fried consistent with examination.
11, according to the method for claim 1, its feature also is, adopts single time delay detonator to improve the degree of accuracy of detonation time.
12, according to the method for above arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that, described prediction to the compound frequency domain response of multiple medicines bag explosion also comprises adopts the best excitation signal of a plurality of synthetic multiple medicines bag explosion complex frequency domains to obtain a plurality of these class predictions, so that according to providing a plurality of only selections for the parameter of carrying out the optimization selection.
13, a kind of on-the-spot special-purpose mensuration, analysis, prediction, control and as far as possible reduce the method for stratum caused ground vibration of (for example ground coal mining) bursting work and airborne noise is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
A plurality of predetermined exciting produce pulse excitation on the position on relevant stratum, to produce excitation signal, way is a plurality of single cartridge bag explosion of having different explosive payloads by initiation determining the explosive payload ratio relevant with frequency, and ignites at least one multiple medicines bag explosion with different explosive payloads and ignite the cartridge bag that at least one postpones ignition;
The multiple medicines bag explosion that employing has different unit time delay explosive payloads makes the excitation signal setting;
Measure vibration and the noise response that is produced simultaneously in a plurality of precalculated positions that excite the position that are different from, producing corresponding time domain response signal, and obtain distance relevant and angle ratio with frequency;
The time domain response signal is transformed into frequency domain from measured vibration and noise, producing the complex frequency domain transfer function between particular excitation and the relevant response position, thereby obtains near the feature of the earth formation in explosion scene effectively;
Through the following steps complex frequency domain transfer function and the best excitation signal of synthetic multiple medicines bag explosion complex frequency domain are combined, to predict a plurality of minimum multiple medicines bag explosion complex frequency domain responses:
ⅰ) by select once with the subharmonic that is comprised and harmonics frequency component substantially the frequency identification of antiresonance make vibration reduce to the linearity and the non-linear optimum frequency of minimum degree;
ⅱ) produce the best excitation signal of corresponding a plurality of synthetic multiple medicines bag explosion complex frequency domain, so that according to providing a plurality of only predictions to select for the parameter of realization optimization in selection; With
ⅲ) by with weighting with phasing the subharmonic of basic frequency and harmonic component comprise coming in into synthetic the exciting to the nonlinear response influence according to the synthetic corresponding a plurality of optimal selection signals of optimum frequency (comprising compensation) of this class through identification;
The best that adopts one of them complex frequency domain response prediction to specify to make caused vibration of bursting work and airborne noise minimum is ignited the time delay of frequency;
Adopt single time delay detonator to improve the degree of accuracy of detonation time;
By causing the explosion of multiple medicines bag successively and postponing the quick-fried prediction of checking response of primer examination; With
Change excitation signal, make it quick-fried consistent, thereby make vibration and airborne noise reduce to minimum degree, more effectively utilize the blast energy in the blast area, thereby improve fragmentation, bloatedization and the throwing effect of topsoil with examination.
14, a kind of method that improves the elimination efficiency of topsoil in the bursting work process is characterized in that, this method comprises the following steps:
On at least one first preposition of relevant stratum, ignite at least one predetermined blasting charge and intensify signal accordingly to produce;
Be determined at the vibratory response that is produced at least one preposition different, to produce corresponding time domain response signal with primary importance;
Produce complex frequency domain transfer function between particular excitation and the relevant response position from measured vibration, thereby calibrate near stratum, blast area effectively; With
Complex frequency domain transfer function and the best excitation signal of synthetic multiple medicines bag explosion complex frequency domain are combined,, use so that the caused vibration of bursting work that blast can remain in the blast area reduces to minimum degree to obtain the prediction of minimum multiple medicines cladding frequency domain response.
15, according to the method for claim 14, its feature also is, improves the efficient of removing topsoil by the explosive payload that increases the unit time delay, makes the extent of vibration that has reduced return to the level that rules are allowed, thereby improves fragmentation, bloatedization and throwing effect.
According to the method for above arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that 16, the step of described generation complex frequency domain transfer function also comprises the time domain response signal is transformed into frequency domain.
According to the method for above arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that 17, the described step of obtaining the prediction that multiple medicines bag explosion complex frequency domain is responded also comprises:
Identification reaches the optimum excitating frequency of the required usefulness of desirable vibration; With
Excitation signal according to the synthetic optimal selection of the optimum frequency that so identifies.
18, according to the method for claim 17, it is characterized in that, the step of described identification optimum frequency also comprises the linear and non-linear optimum frequency of identification, and the step of described synthetic optimal selection signal also comprise by with the basic frequency weighting with phasing subharmonic and harmonic component comprise into synthesizing and excite.
According to the method for claim 18, it is characterized in that 19, the step of described identification optimum frequency also comprises selects dominant frequency and the included harmonious measured frequency component of the subharmonic frequency of antiresonance substantially.
20, according to the method for 14 to 19 arbitrary claims, it is characterized in that, convert the complex frequency domain response prediction to time-domain function.
21, a kind of mining methods is characterized in that, this method is included in the step of fulfiling the described method of above arbitrary claim in the process of carrying out the one or many blast operations on mineral deposit or its topsoil.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88100641 CN1034265A (en) | 1988-01-11 | 1988-01-11 | Method for controlling blasting operations |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88100641 CN1034265A (en) | 1988-01-11 | 1988-01-11 | Method for controlling blasting operations |
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| CN1034265A true CN1034265A (en) | 1989-07-26 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100350129C (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2007-11-21 | 白仁淑 | Crushing method using large boreholes in underwater rock |
| CN102080945A (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2011-06-01 | 浙江大学 | Safety evaluation method and system of blasting vibration based on energy input |
| CN102135445A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2011-07-27 | 中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所 | Blasting vibration predicting method |
| CN110261907A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-09-20 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of blasting vibration effect damage state assessment method of masonry structure |
| CN110487136A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-22 | 贵州大学 | A kind of bench blasting millisecond time-delay compacting drop method of slight based on spectral overlay |
| CN110865171A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-03-06 | 北京龙德时代技术服务有限公司 | Blasting safety analysis method and system based on digital noise detection |
| CN111852555A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-10-30 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Trenching method for one-time blasting layered shovel loading of large water inrush sunken strip mine |
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1988
- 1988-01-11 CN CN 88100641 patent/CN1034265A/en active Pending
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100350129C (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2007-11-21 | 白仁淑 | Crushing method using large boreholes in underwater rock |
| CN102135445A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2011-07-27 | 中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所 | Blasting vibration predicting method |
| CN102135445B (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-10-03 | 中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所 | Blasting vibration predicting method |
| CN102080945A (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2011-06-01 | 浙江大学 | Safety evaluation method and system of blasting vibration based on energy input |
| CN110261907A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-09-20 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of blasting vibration effect damage state assessment method of masonry structure |
| CN110487136A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-22 | 贵州大学 | A kind of bench blasting millisecond time-delay compacting drop method of slight based on spectral overlay |
| CN110487136B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-12-03 | 贵州大学 | Step blasting millisecond delay suppression and vibration reduction method based on frequency spectrum superposition |
| CN110865171A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-03-06 | 北京龙德时代技术服务有限公司 | Blasting safety analysis method and system based on digital noise detection |
| CN110865171B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2022-04-19 | 北京龙德时代技术服务有限公司 | Blasting safety analysis method and system based on digital noise detection |
| CN111852555A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-10-30 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Trenching method for one-time blasting layered shovel loading of large water inrush sunken strip mine |
| CN111852555B (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2021-08-03 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Trenching method for one-time blasting layered shovel loading of large water inrush sunken strip mine |
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