CN103413011A - Airspace sector dividing method based on computation geometry and simulated annealing - Google Patents

Airspace sector dividing method based on computation geometry and simulated annealing Download PDF

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CN103413011A
CN103413011A CN2013103881020A CN201310388102A CN103413011A CN 103413011 A CN103413011 A CN 103413011A CN 2013103881020 A CN2013103881020 A CN 2013103881020A CN 201310388102 A CN201310388102 A CN 201310388102A CN 103413011 A CN103413011 A CN 103413011A
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sector
spatial domain
straight line
flow
cut apart
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CN103413011B (en
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王飞
王超
刘宏志
张召悦
徐肖豪
张春凤
赵嶷飞
王洁宁
高伟
赵宏伟
李楠
黄宝军
岳仁田
王兴隆
王红勇
赵元棣
姜高扬
王涛波
徐萍
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Civil Aviation University of China
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Abstract

The invention discloses an airspace sector dividing method based on computation geometry and simulated annealing. The method is achieved under the assistance of a computer system which comprises a sector dividing subsystem, wherein the sector dividing subsystem serves as a realizing platform of an area control sector dividing method. According to the airspace sector dividing method based on the computation geometry and the simulated annealing, on the basis of the control airspace structure and traffic flow spatial distribution, a vague multiple-target function and a constraint condition function of control sector dividing are established, a binary strategy of airspace dividing is put forward, a sector optimization dividing problem is solved by means of the simulated annealing algorithm, global optimum is achieved by means of the simulated annealing method of the binary strategy, the overall satisfaction degree of section dividing multiple-target optimization is higher than the satisfaction degree when only balancing of the sector average flow rate is considered, minimum flight time constraint, minimum distance constraint and sector boundary and main traffic flow crossing angle constraint are achieved, airspace operation safety is guaranteed, and the occurrence rate of flight delay is reduced.

Description

A kind of spatial domain based on computational geometry and simulated annealing sector partitioning method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the AIRSPACE PLANNING field, particularly a kind of spatial domain based on computational geometry and simulated annealing sector partitioning method, apply this method and realize control zone planning, ensure flight safety and reduce airliner delay.
Background technology
Sector is the elementary cell of spatial domain system, and the spatial domain system of China approximately is comprised of sector, 200 spatial domains.Each sector, spatial domain is responsible for schedule flight is implemented to commander by a controller.At present, drawing of spatial domain sector borders established the history of substantially following air traffic control and follows.Along with the development of air transportation, this sector is drawn and established the deficiency that shows gradually two aspects: 1) situation of its capacity limit often appears exceeding in the air traffic in some sector; 2) spatial and temporal distributions of the air traffic between sector is extremely unbalanced.Therefore, according to the actual demand of air traffic, the spatial domain sector borders is re-started to optimization, all significant to ensureing air traffic safety and reducing airliner delay.
Although also exist some for spatial domain, to carry out the method for sector division at present, main method is aircraft trajectory clustering, the evolution algorithm based on Voronoi figure, mixed integer programming, figure segmentation theory etc., counting yield is not high, and the sector borders of dividing often presents zigzag, lack practicality, the straight line dichotomy is taked progressively to cut and is got optimum strategy, can not guarantee that dividing result reaches global optimum.
Consider the present situation that existing area control sector is divided, still lack a kind of area control sector partitioning method that can be quick, effective, practical.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency in view of the prior art field, the object of the invention is to, a kind of new area control sector partitioning method is provided, the method comes the feasible region control sector to divide based on computational geometry and simulated annealing, in the hope of sectorization fast and effectively, thereby concordant flow and balanced sector average discharge between the reduction sector, ensure flight safety.
The present invention realizes like this, a kind of division methods of control sector based on computational geometry and simulated annealing, by computer system, assist realization, described computer system mainly consists of client/server (C/S) pattern, computer system comprises the spatial domain navigational route database, the Simulation drive subsystem, the airspace modeling subsystem, flight planning subsystem and demonstration and interactive subsystem, it is characterized in that, in computer system, also comprise the sector partition sub-system that operates in a client, described sector partition sub-system is as the implementation platform of area control sector partitioning method,
The sector partition sub-system comprises that the sector, spatial domain is drawn and establishes model module and sector and divide module;
The sector, spatial domain is drawn and established model module is to set up the spatial domain graph model according to guidance station and way point information, according to air traffic, set up concordant flow model between sector average discharge and sector, according to control zone structure and magnitude of traffic flow space distribution, set up Fuzzy Multiobjective function and the constraint conditional function cut apart the sector, spatial domain;
It is that two minutes strategies of application are cut apart area control that module is divided in sector, calculates the concordant flow between each sector average discharge and sector, and assesses, and is optimized and cuts apart in conjunction with simulated annealing;
The sector partition sub-system comprises sets up the step that spatial domain graph model, flow rate calculation and optimization are divided;
Described control sector division methods, comprise the steps:
Step 1: input area control structured data, air route course data in the airspace modeling subsystem, establishment flight planning data in the flight planning subsystem, simulation time is set, call the Simulation drive subsystem, add up two internodal average aircraft quantity in certain time period, using this numerical value as the two internodal amounts of relation, build the transport air flow moment matrix F , wherein node and the flow value of self are " 0 ";
Step 2: draw in establishing model module and set up respectively three kinds of models in the sector, spatial domain of sector partition sub-system:
A, using guidance station, reporting point nature way point as space nodes, the area control graph model, as the limit collection of figure, is set up in air route, course line;
B, by air traffic, set up the sector average discharge (at the appointed time in the section, appear at simultaneously the average of the aircraft in sector) and sector between concordant flow (pocket of navigating enters and while leaving sector, the controller carries out the number of times of control transfer) model;
C, according to control zone structure and magnitude of traffic flow space distribution, set up the Fuzzy Multiobjective function cut apart the sector, spatial domain and constraint conditional function, namely take balanced sector average discharge and reduce concordant flow between sector as target, take the angle of the crossing that minimum flight time, minor increment and sector borders and main traffic the flow sector partitioning model as constraint condition;
Step 3: in the sector of sector partition sub-system, divide in module, take the airport reference point position in area control district to set up plane right-angle coordinate as true origin, area control border vertices coordinate is arranged in order in the order of connection, is designated as G, in conjunction with simulated annealing, control zone is divided into nIndividual sector, its concrete steps are as follows:
A, initial temperature are set to T 0, order , temperature with Lapse rate successively decrease, final temperature is T e
B, random given one group of straight line
Figure 729207DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Wherein l i Mean the iBar is cut apart straight line, k i , b i Mean the iBar is cut apart slope and the intercept of straight line, the iBar is cut apart straight line and is expressed as
C, appointment straight line l 1Area control is cut apart, obtained respectively the coordinate on two subregion summits, and each regional summit is arranged in order in the order of connection, subregion is designated as successively G 1With G 2Specify straight line l 2To zone G 1Cut apart, specify straight line l 3To zone G 2Cut apart, obtain respectively the apex coordinate of subregion, and each regional summit is arranged in order in the order of connection, new subregion is designated as successively G 11, G 12, G 21With G 22Continue to specify straight line successively every sub regions to be cut apart, obtain each regional apex coordinate, each regional summit is arranged in order respectively in the order of connection, obtain new subregion, until draw nSub regions, this time-space domain is divided into nIndividual sector, nSub regions represents respectively nIndividual sector;
D, calculating nConcordant flow between the average discharge of individual sector and sector, calculate the total evaluation value that sector is divided , now, note
Figure 885885DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
E, X 0Middle arbitrary line l i Slope k i And intercept b i Be continuous variable, its neighborhood is defined as
Figure 589137DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
, wherein
Figure 601086DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
That mean value is 0, variance is
Figure 332282DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Gaussian distribution,
Figure 699547DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
That mean value is 0, variance is
Figure 601948DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Gaussian distribution, produce new straight line group X', carry out the division of sector, spatial domain according to step c, calculates nConcordant flow between the average discharge of individual sector and sector, calculate the total evaluation value that sector is divided f( X');
F, judgement f= f( X*)- f( X'), if f≤ 0, order X' replaces X*, f( X*)= f( X'), otherwise, according to the Metropolis criterion, press probability e 10000 △ f/ T >= Rand(0,1) is accepted X';
G, press certain way cooling, namely T= KTIf, T>T e , return to step e and continue X* the new straight line group of search in neighborhood scope, otherwise stop, X* be globally optimal solution, f( X*) be global optimum's assessed value;
Step 4: optimize the sector borders of dividing and show in demonstration and interactive subsystem.
Advantage of the present invention is, on the basis of statistics air traffic, formation zone control sector border fast and effectively, reach the target of concordant flow between balanced sector average discharge and reduction sector, meet the constraint of the angle of the crossing of minimum flight time, minor increment and sector borders and main traffic stream, thereby the regional control sector of the scientific and rational planning of additional related personnel, safe, the efficient operation of support area control.
The accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is two minutes results of area control;
Fig. 2 is four minutes results of area control;
Fig. 3 is area control graph model in embodiment;
Fig. 4 is spatial domain safety indexes constraint schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that in embodiment, the area control sector optimum partition is divided figure as a result;
Fig. 6 is overall system topology diagram of the present invention.
In Fig. 6: 1, server; 2, Simulation drive server; 3, the first client; 4, the second client; 5, the 3rd client; 6, the 4th client.
Embodiment:
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated, be to be understood that, specific embodiment described herein only, in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Now provide the example that the feasible region control sector is divided:
Order T=[ t 0, t 1] be the time period of considering, for any sector s, , order n t ( s) be tMoment sector sInterior aircraft quantity, between sector average discharge and sector, concordant flow is expressed as:
Sector average discharge: at the appointed time, in the section, appear at simultaneously sector sThe average of interior aircraft.
Figure 111612DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Figure 853041DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
In formula, w s Mean sector sAverage discharge.
Concordant flow between sector: aircraft enters sector sWith leave sector sThe time, the controller carries out the number of times of control transfer.
The following mathematical model of setting up:
Objective function:
By meaning spatial domain GNeed to be divided into nIndividual sector, definition w avgFor the average magnitude of traffic flow,
Figure 970033DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
, in formula, w i Be iThe average discharge of individual sector.Definition D aMean deviation for the sector average discharge:
Figure 619058DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
(2)
Suppose w A maxFor the maximal value of the sector average discharge mean deviation estimated, optimizing the incipient stage, each sector average discharge mean deviation may be larger, and the slope of its extent function is less.In order to accelerate to optimize the speed of convergence in later stage, build stage by stage the satisfaction subordinate function of each sector average discharge mean deviation:
Figure 137895DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
(3)
Spatial domain GChief coordinator's flow equal concordant flow sum between each sector, namely
Figure 846963DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
(4)
In formula w c i Mean the iThe concordant flow of individual sector.Suppose w C max, w C minBe respectively the spatial domain of estimation GMaximum, minimum concordant flow, spatial domain GThe satisfaction subordinate function of chief coordinator's flow be:
Figure 638201DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
(5)
Constraint condition:
(1) security boundary constraint
The safe distance of supposing air route intersection sector borders is d 0, sector s i Vertex sequence o 1, o 2..., o J,By arranged clockwise, sector s i jThe bar border is O j It is the summit, sector o j To the summit, sector o j+ 1 Direction vector, namely , suppose sector s i The point of crossing, air route is inside arranged v k , the point of crossing, air route v k With O j Or the vertical intersection point of its extended line is o p ijk , q i It is the summit, sector o jTo intersection point o p ijk Direction vector, d p Ik It is the point of crossing, air route v k To intersection point o p ijk Direction vector:
Figure 401944DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
(6)
Point of crossing v k With sector s i jIndividual border O j Distance d ijk For:
Figure 48957DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
(7)
In formula:
Figure 373497DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
For being greater than safe distance d 0Numerical value,
In spatial domain, the point of crossing, air route is to the distance of sector borders dGet the minimum value to the sector borders distance of all point of crossing in each sector, namely
Figure 318319DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
(8)
In formula: n oIt is sector s i Number of vertex; n cFor sector s i Point of crossing, middle air route number,
Therefore, the distance of point of crossing, air route and sector borders dNeed to meet following condition:
Figure 483852DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
(9)
(2) angle of the crossing constraint of sector borders and main traffic stream
The minimum angle of the crossing of supposing sector borders and main traffic stream is
Figure 800302DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
, in formula
Figure 300553DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Being one is less than Acute angle.Leg S q It is way point p 1 q To way point p 2 q Direction vector, namely S q =( p 1 q, p 2 q ), p 1 q With O j Or the vertical intersection point of its extended line is o 1 iqj , p 2 q With O j Or the vertical intersection point of its extended line is o 2 iqj , q 1 i It is the summit, sector o j To intersection point o 1 iqj Direction vector, q 2 i It is the summit, sector o j To intersection point o 2 iqj Direction vector, namely
Figure 380691DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
(10)
Leg S q With sector s i jIndividual border O j Angle be θ ijq :
Figure 369506DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
(11)
The angle of the crossing of spatial domain sector borders and main traffic stream
Figure 357054DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Get the minimum value of the angle of the crossing of all sector borders and all legs, namely
Figure 955263DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
(12)
In formula: n sThe number of leg,
Therefore, the angle of the crossing of sector borders and main traffic stream
Figure 829809DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Need to meet following condition:
Figure 488062DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
(13)
(3) the shortest traverse distance constraint
Suppose that the shortest range ability of aircraft in sector is d ' 0.Suppose leg S m Directly pass through sector s i , leg S m With sector s i Intersection point be c 1 m With c 2 m , d ' Im It is intersection point c 1 m To intersection point c 2 m Direction vector, namely d ' Im =( c 1 m , c 2 m ), the minimum range ability of aircraft in this spatial domain d ' Get all minimum range abilities of leg in sector that directly pass through sector:
Figure 962905DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
(14)
In formula, n zDirectly to pass through sector s i The leg number,
In sector, the aircraft range ability need to meet following condition:
Figure 803953DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
(15)
For above-mentioned sector partitioning model, the present invention adopts computational geometry to carry out solving model in conjunction with the method for simulated annealing, divides result thereby obtain sector optimum partition.
In the area control sector is divided, establish corresponding target its satisfaction membership function value is all arranged for each stroke, according to drawing the difference that stresses establish middle target, adopt the method optimisation strategy of weighted sum, realize to greatest extent each target optimization meeting under constraint condition:
Figure 359437DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
(16)
In formula: Be iThe weights of individual optimization aim, adopt tactful cut zone control in two minutes, and in conjunction with simulated annealing, sector optimum partition is drawn to rhetoric question topic and solve, in order to realize global optimum, and in simulated annealing, straight line l i Slope k i And intercept b i The neighborhood search rule as follows:
(17)
In formula: k r+ 1 , b r+ 1 Mean new produce the rBar is cut apart slope and the intercept of straight line.
Suppose that spatial domain need to be divided into 4 sectors, namely n=4; Random given one group of solution X 0=[0.0685,184.8859;-3.9954,184.8859;-2.2952 ,-109230.8272]; In simulated annealing, choose initial temperature T 0=1000, temperature lapse rate k=0.99, final temperature T e=0.1, in neighborhood search σ 1=0.1, σ 1=1000; Safe distance between point of crossing, air route and sector borders d 0=10 4M, the shortest traverse distance of aircraft d ' 0=20000m, the minimum angle of the crossing of sector borders and main traffic stream θ 0=π/6.
Fig. 5 is that dotted line divides is to take balanced sector average discharge to carry out the result of sector optimum partition as target, thick line divide be take balanced sector average discharge, reduce chief coordinator's flow and carry out the result of sector optimum partition as target, table 1 has provided concordant flow between each sector average discharge and sector, and table 2 is drawn target and the satisfaction of establishing for sector.
Concordant flow between table 1 sector average discharge and sector
Figure 264311DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
Target and the satisfaction of establishing drawn in table 2 sector
Fig. 6 is overall system topology diagram of the present invention: described computer system mainly consists of client/server (C/S) pattern, and computer system comprises:
A server 1, install the spatial domain navigational route database, for airspace structure, course line, flight road, restricted area, explosive area, forbidden zone, barrier, navigation data service are provided to client in the hard disk of server 1.
A Simulation drive server 2, installing simulation driving data (storehouse) in the hard disk of Simulation drive server 2, for providing flying power model and the service of sporting flying model data to client.
The airspace modeling subsystem is installed in the hard disk of the first client 3, the first clients 3, be used to setting up the airspace structure model, is comprised guidance station, way point, barrier, course line, air route, sector, regulatory area, restricted area, explosive area, forbidden zone.
The flight planning subsystem is installed, for generation of the flight planning that meets certain regularity of distribution in the hard disk of the second client 4, the second clients 4.
The control sector partition sub-system is installed, for the division of control sector in the hard disk of the 3rd client 5, the three clients 5.
In the hard disk of the 3rd client 6, the three clients 6, install to show and interactive subsystem, the spatial domain environment generated for the airspace modeling subsystem, and the demonstration of the sector borders that generates of sector partition sub-system is with mutual.
According to the above description, in conjunction with art technology, can realize the solution of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. sector partitioning method of the spatial domain based on computational geometry and simulated annealing, by computer system, assist realization, described computer system mainly consists of client/server (C/S) pattern, computer system comprises spatial domain navigational route database, Simulation drive subsystem, airspace modeling subsystem, flight planning subsystem and demonstration and interactive subsystem, it is characterized in that, in computer system, also comprise the sector partition sub-system that operates in a client, described sector partition sub-system is as the implementation platform of area control sector partitioning method;
The sector partition sub-system comprises that the sector, spatial domain is drawn and establishes model module and sector and divide module;
The sector, spatial domain is drawn and established model module is to set up the spatial domain graph model according to guidance station and way point information, according to air traffic, set up concordant flow model between sector average discharge and sector, according to control zone structure and magnitude of traffic flow space distribution, set up Fuzzy Multiobjective function and the constraint conditional function cut apart the sector, spatial domain;
It is that two minutes strategies of application are cut apart area control that module is divided in sector, calculates the concordant flow between each sector average discharge and sector, and assesses, and is optimized and cuts apart in conjunction with simulated annealing;
The sector partition sub-system comprises sets up the step that spatial domain graph model, flow rate calculation and optimization are divided;
Described control sector division methods, comprise the steps:
Step 1: input area control structured data, air route course data in the airspace modeling subsystem, establishment flight planning data in the flight planning subsystem, simulation time is set, call the Simulation drive subsystem, add up two internodal average aircraft quantity in certain time period, using this numerical value as the two internodal amounts of relation, build the transport air flow moment matrix F , wherein node and the flow value of self are " 0 ";
Step 2: draw in establishing model module and set up respectively three kinds of models in the sector, spatial domain of sector partition sub-system:
Using guidance station, reporting point nature way point as space nodes, the area control graph model, as the limit collection of figure, is set up in air route, course line;
By air traffic, set up the sector average discharge (at the appointed time in the section, appear at simultaneously the average of the aircraft in sector) and sector between concordant flow (pocket of navigating enters and while leaving sector, the controller carries out the number of times of control transfer) model;
According to control zone structure and magnitude of traffic flow space distribution, set up the Fuzzy Multiobjective function cut apart the sector, spatial domain and constraint conditional function, namely take balanced sector average discharge and reduce concordant flow between sector as target, take the angle of the crossing that minimum flight time, minor increment and sector borders and main traffic the flow sector partitioning model as constraint condition;
Step 3: in the sector of sector partition sub-system, divide in module, take the airport reference point position in area control district to set up plane right-angle coordinate as true origin, area control border vertices coordinate is arranged in order in the order of connection, is designated as G, in conjunction with simulated annealing, control zone is divided into nIndividual sector, its concrete steps are as follows:
Initial temperature is set to T 0, order
Figure 301598DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, temperature with
Figure 698076DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Lapse rate successively decrease, final temperature is T e
B, random given one group of straight line
Figure 321693DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
, wherein l i Mean the iBar is cut apart straight line, k i , b i Mean the iBar is cut apart slope and the intercept of straight line, the iBar is cut apart straight line and is expressed as
Figure 182333DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
C, appointment straight line l 1Area control is cut apart, obtained respectively the coordinate on two subregion summits, and each regional summit is arranged in order in the order of connection, subregion is designated as successively G 1With G 2Specify straight line l 2To zone G 1Cut apart, specify straight line l 3To zone G 2Cut apart, obtain respectively the apex coordinate of subregion, and each regional summit is arranged in order in the order of connection, new subregion is designated as successively G 11, G 12, G 21With G 22Continue to specify straight line successively every sub regions to be cut apart, obtain each regional apex coordinate, each regional summit is arranged in order respectively in the order of connection, obtain new subregion, until draw nSub regions, this time-space domain is divided into nIndividual sector, nSub regions represents respectively nIndividual sector;
D, calculating nConcordant flow between the average discharge of individual sector and sector, calculate the total evaluation value that sector is divided
Figure 554408DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
, now, note
Figure 960154DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
E, X 0Middle arbitrary line l i Slope k i And intercept b i Be continuous variable, its neighborhood is defined as
Figure 75878DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Wherein
Figure 791024DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
That mean value is 0, variance is
Figure 583269DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Gaussian distribution,
Figure 938026DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
That mean value is 0, variance is
Figure 608173DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Gaussian distribution, produce new straight line group
Figure 676361DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
, according to step c, carry out the division of sector, spatial domain, calculate nConcordant flow between the average discharge of individual sector and sector, calculate the total evaluation value that sector is divided f( X');
F, judgement f= f( X*)- f( X'), if f≤ 0, order X' replaces X*, f( X*)= f( X'), otherwise, according to the Metropolis criterion, press probability e 10000 △ f/ T>= Rand (0,1) is accepted X';
G, press certain way cooling, namely T= KTIf, T>T e , return to step e and continue X* the new straight line group of search in neighborhood scope, otherwise stop, X* be globally optimal solution, f( X*) be global optimum's assessed value;
: optimize the sector borders of dividing and show in demonstration and interactive subsystem.
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CN110310519A (en) * 2019-08-06 2019-10-08 山东职业学院 A kind of space domain sector boundary demarcation method based on protection band
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CN109858858A (en) * 2019-01-21 2019-06-07 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 Underground logistics network node grading and addressing system and method
CN110310519A (en) * 2019-08-06 2019-10-08 山东职业学院 A kind of space domain sector boundary demarcation method based on protection band
CN112313476A (en) * 2019-11-05 2021-02-02 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 Air route planning method and device for unmanned aerial vehicle
CN111664847A (en) * 2020-05-09 2020-09-15 南京航空航天大学 Dividing method of three-region airspace FRA
CN111664847B (en) * 2020-05-09 2022-04-01 南京航空航天大学 Dividing method of three-region airspace FRA
CN115273564A (en) * 2022-09-29 2022-11-01 北京航空航天大学 Airspace complexity regulation and control method based on multi-objective optimization
CN115273564B (en) * 2022-09-29 2022-12-27 北京航空航天大学 Airspace complexity regulation and control method based on multi-objective optimization

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