CN103411688B - The Methods of Remote Monitoring of Michelson interference ring and TT&C system thereof - Google Patents
The Methods of Remote Monitoring of Michelson interference ring and TT&C system thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the technical field of Michelson interference ring observing and controlling, more specifically, relate to Methods of Remote Monitoring and the TT&C system thereof of Michelson interference ring.The Methods of Remote Monitoring of Michelson interference ring, the outgoing of interference fringe optical imagery module images in imaging screen, picture signal is caught and to be caught by the light signal of image with modular converter and to convert electric signal to, Data acquisition and transmit module is utilized to be digital signal by catching from picture signal with the transform electrical signals of modular converter, and send the data collected to PC and carry out image procossing and counting operation, and result is presented on PC, obtain the data of experiment by client modules and data are processed.The present invention utilizes area array CCD to gather Michelson interference ring image, and interference ring two-dimensional image information is comprehensive, and image is simple and clear, meets the demand of interference ring complete information research.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of Michelson interference ring observing and controlling, more specifically, relate to Methods of Remote Monitoring and the TT&C system thereof of Michelson interference ring.
Background technology
Optical interferometry technology is used widely in fields such as microelectronics, micro-optic and modern industries, wherein the most frequently used technology is Michelson interference measuring technique, the core of this technology will count interference ring exactly " to emerge " or the number of rings of " being absorbed in ", to meet the practical application request that follow-up distance element is measured.
The counting of interference ring adopts artificial process more in actual use, namely directly observe the interference ring be imaged onto on screen with human eye, staff is turn fine motion handwheel gently, often changes a ring, just manual record once, and each measurement need count the interference ring of " emerging " or " being absorbed in ".The method is simple to operate, extra measuring equipment is not needed except Michelson interferometer, but can only be applicable to counting little interference number of rings, and often need during practical operation to record and exceed the above interference number of rings of hundreds of, if adopt this kind of method, on the one hand, very easily cause eye fatigue and affect the accuracy of reading; Measure on the other hand after makeing mistakes and can only remeasure the waste causing the plenty of time; Large, not humane in the extreme to the injury of human eye on the one hand again.
Along with developing rapidly of modern science technology and industrial technology, traditional optical-mechanical method of testing can not adapt to the test request of high precision that the modern industry and science and technology propose, high-level efficiency and robotization day by day.In precision measurement field, must inject new vitality, appearance and the new measuring technology that is combined into of the two of laser and computer technology open up a new way.For the shortcoming of artificial counting, researchist proposes all multi-schemes about stripe automatic counter, and these schemes respectively have advantage, but also Shortcomings.
Photoelectric sensor mensuration: work block diagram as shown in Figure 1, along with the change of optical path difference, interference ring will alternately occur " emerging " and " being absorbed in ", photometer head is used to aim at Michelson interference ring center, now, the photosensitive tube in photometer head can produce the photocurrent of different size along with the change of light intensity signal.Be so just the change of electric signal by the change transitions of interference ring, as long as carry out certain process to electric signal, just can realize the counting to interference ring.But also there is following shortcoming: the method to device to put requirement too harsh, and along with the carrying out of measuring, appearances also changes by the thickness of striped, along with carrying out the constantly adjusting device position of measurement, need add the complicacy of practical operation.
Line array CCD mensuration: the picture signal utilizing linear CCD sensor interference ring light signal to be converted into electric signal is caught and modular converter, be digital signal to the transform electrical signals from linear CCD sensor again, finally data are delivered to microcomputer to process, in microcomputer, realize Auto-counting.Solve the shortcoming of photoelectric sensor location difficulty and complex operation like this, simultaneously by the calculation function that microcomputer is powerful, carry out the further optimized images of operation such as digital filtering, realize Auto-counting by the change of corresponding pixel points gray-scale value.Shortcoming: in data processing, only the one-dimension information of interference ring is studied, count results is overly dependent upon the range of linearity collected, the two-dimentional true picture of interference ring cannot be shown simultaneously, the demand of interference ring complete information research can not be met, process for linear data also cannot give full play to the powerful calculation function of microcomputer, and Intelligent treatment exists very large improvement space.
No matter be photoelectric sensor mensuration, or line array CCD mensuration, all only lay particular emphasis on the Auto-counting problem solving interference ring, in fact, the interference experiment of light is an experiment harsher to environmental requirement, is easily subject to the interference of outside environmental elements in experimentation, such as interference sound, make Michelson interferometer produce slight vibrations, cause the fluctuation of interference ring, cause count results there are differences.Existing experimental situation requires that experimenter must to advance line operate at experimental apparatus, in operation will the careful as much as possible thus impact reduced experimental result, the interferometry of light is tested and is subject to experiment place and the limitation of time, the carrying out of experiment is brought inconvenience.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve the problems of the technologies described above at least to a certain extent.
The object of this invention is to provide Methods of Remote Monitoring and the TT&C system thereof of Michelson interference ring, utilize area array CCD to gather Michelson interference ring image; Adopt image subtraction, image filtering, gray scale stretching, rim detection, binaryzation, image expansion and refinement to collection Image semantic classification; Design effective coverage automatic search algorithm determines effective regional center; Adopt the method counting interference ring detecting gradient direction angle change, and choose quadrant heart place as counting region; Design, based on the PC platform of wifi and the telecommunication of Intelligent mobile equipment platform, realizes the remote measurement and control of experiment and the Real-Time Sharing of test result.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the Methods of Remote Monitoring of Michelson interference ring, the outgoing of interference fringe optical imagery module images in imaging screen, picture signal is caught and to be caught by the light signal of image with modular converter and to convert electric signal to, Data acquisition and transmit module is utilized to be digital signal by catching from picture signal with the transform electrical signals of modular converter, and send the data collected to PC and carry out image procossing and counting operation, and result is presented on PC, obtain the data of experiment by client modules and data are processed, described picture signal is caught and is comprised optical lens and matrix CCD with modular converter, wherein, also comprise following concrete steps:
S1. the image collected matrix CCD carries out image subtraction, image filtering, gray scale stretching, rim detection, binaryzation, image expansion, image thinning process successively;
S2. determine center, interference ring effective coverage, stabilize to hollow parts according to effective coverage after step S1 process and do not have noise spot judge interfere Ring current distribution, realize automatically determine effective regional center;
S3. to the Data Detection gradient direction angle at center, effective coverage, judge the variable condition of interference ring according to gradient direction angle change, realize the Auto-counting to interference ring;
S4. quadrant heart place is chosen as counting region; The most obvious in the change of quadrant heart place gradient direction angle, counting effect is the most remarkable;
S5. by the telecommunication of PC and client modules, the Real-Time Sharing of remote measurement and control and the test result of testing is carried out.
Wherein, the data that matrix CCD collects are 256*256.
The image pre-processing method adopted in step S1 is specific as follows, interference ring image normally collects under the background of various complexity, environmental baseline, picture quality is difficult to ensure, therefore, before carrying out Auto-counting, usually image pretreatment operation will be carried out, specifically image subtraction, image filtering, gray scale stretching, rim detection, binaryzation, image expansion, image thinning process, what Image semantic classification respectively walked completes, for follow-up effective coverage automatic search algorithm and interference ring counting are laid a good foundation.
Feature when observation interference ring " is emerged " or " being absorbed in " alternately changes, the centre the closer to interference ring can be found, the change of pixel value is more obvious, and by carrying out to this middle section the Auto-counting that data processing can realize interference ring, this effective coverage is the center of circle part of interference ring.Find after carrying out Image semantic classification to interference ring, effective coverage stabilizes to hollow parts.Thus, the design of effective coverage automatic search algorithm is proposed, the variable length square templates of R*R and image is utilized to carry out template computing, whether the gray-scale value detecting the image pixel in region corresponding to square templates is 255, if there is this kind of situation explanation to there occurs " collision ", illustrate " square " field of this point non-required by, otherwise, then record the region that now template is corresponding, and the template of R*R is extended to (R+5) * (R+5), then the ensuing image-region of traversal is continued, until traveled through.At the end of traversal, region corresponding to the template finally recorded is then effective coverage.
In described step S2, the concrete steps of effective coverage automatic search algorithm are as follows:
S21. for avoiding access images element to cross the border, the image area size of actual treatment is (256-R) * (256-R), is designated as image-region A, loop variable i and j is set, and make its initial value be 0, CPoint variable p and length of side variable r is set, and makes the initial value of r be R;
S22. access 1 A (i, j) in A, the gray-scale value of corresponding for A (i, j) ~ A (i+R, j+R) square area is compared with 255, if there is the point equaling 255, exits circulation, enter step S23; If without generation " jumping out " situation (" jumping out " situation refers to drop by the wayside circulation), enter step S24;
If S23. j< (256-R), then j++, re-executes step S22; If j>=(256-R) and i< (256-R), then i++, j=1, re-executes step S22; Otherwise program stopped performs, and now recorded take p as top left corner apex, and the length of side is that the region of r is region to be asked;
S24. make p=A (i, j), r=R, then R=R+5, continue to perform step S22.
Further, in described step S3, adopt Sobel operator to ask the gradient direction angle of interference ring, effective coverage first-order partial derivative in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be calculated, gradient direction angle
Wherein
for the first-order partial derivative about horizontal direction,
for the first-order partial derivative about vertical direction, according to Sobel operator
Wherein
for process image;
When " emerging " in interference ring center, the gradient angle that effective coverage is corresponding
, when interference ring center " is absorbed in ", the gradient angle that effective coverage is corresponding
, show ring center " emerge " and " being absorbed in " time gradient angle direction be contrary; According to
with
situation of change, judge the change of interference ring; Work as gradient angle
value when becoming contrary several of symbol, judge that the effective coverage of interference ring has become " being absorbed in " from " emerging " or " being absorbed in " becomes " emerging ", interference ring counter adds 0.5; Become " emerging " from " being absorbed in " in the middle of the interference ring or " emerging " becomes " being absorbed in ", interference ring counter adds 0.5 again; At the end of counting, directly the value of number of rings counter is returned.
In described step S4, in the counting processing procedure of reality, directly can not choose center, effective coverage as counting region because effective coverage central interior gradient direction a little all refer to internally or point to outside.Due to the characteristic that gradient vector is added, cause gradient to be cancelled out each other, its total gradient is close to zero, and gradient angle change is not obvious.Therefore, choose quadrant heart place as counting region, the now change of gradient is the most obvious, and counting effect is the most remarkable.
Utilize a TT&C system for described investigating method, comprise server end module and client modules, server end module comprises interference fringe optical imagery module, imaging screen, picture signal catch and modular converter, Data acquisition and transmit module, PC;
Described interference fringe optical imagery module comprises stepper motor and Michelson interferometer, and stepper motor is electrically connected with Michelson interferometer, and Michelson interferometer images in imaging screen; Described picture signal is caught and is comprised optical lens and matrix CCD with modular converter, and optical lens receives imaging screen reflection ray, matrix CCD and Data acquisition and transmit model calling; Described Data acquisition and transmit module is A/D data collecting card;
Client modules comprises PC or mobile phone or Intelligent mobile equipment.
The telecommunication of design Based PC platform and Intelligent mobile equipment platform, client modules is undertaken communicating and remote sensing observing and controlling by internet and mobile Internet with server module, the Long-distance Control of experiment and the Real-Time Sharing of experimental data, facilitate the carrying out of every experiment.Form primarily of server end module and the large parts of client modules two, the equipment of server end module comprises interference fringe optical imagery module, imaging screen, picture signal are caught and modular converter, Data acquisition and transmit module, PC, and the equipment of client modules comprises the Intelligent mobile equipment such as PC and mobile phone.The PC of client modules connects into the Internet by cable network, and mobile phone is then entered the Internet by wireless network, realizes the connection with server end module, the work of Long-distance Control measuring system and acquisition measurement result.
Conventional physical experiment is combined with internet, mobile Internet, by installing control of intelligent terminal to traditional experimental instrument, experimenter can leave experimental situation, by the mobile devices such as mobile phone monitoring experiment process and acquisition experimental result anywhere, traditional Physical Experiment will no longer be limited to by experiment place and time, can test whenever and wherever possible, the pattern of the Physical Experiment that breaks traditions.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect is: the present invention utilizes area array CCD to gather Michelson interference ring image, and interference ring two-dimensional image information is comprehensive, and image is simple and clear, meets the demand of interference ring complete information research; The relevant knowledge of combining image process, adopt the methods such as image subtraction, image filtering, gray scale stretching, rim detection, binaryzation, image expansion and refinement to collection Image semantic classification, what Image semantic classification respectively walked completes, not only effectively can improve the picture quality of interference ring image, and lay a good foundation for follow-up effective coverage automatic search algorithm and interference ring count; Design effective coverage automatic search algorithm determines effective regional center, avoids physical operations frequently, for optical interferometry practical application provides effective embodiment; The method proposing to detect gradient direction angle change counts interference ring, by the direction gradient angle change in real-time judge counting region, judges the change of interference ring further, improves the stability of counting; Choose quadrant heart place as counting region, make the change of gradient the most obvious, counting effect is the most remarkable, improves the precision of counting; Design is based on the PC platform of wifi and the telecommunication of Intelligent mobile equipment platform, realize the remote measurement and control of experiment and the Real-Time Sharing of test result, conventional physical experiment is combined with internet, mobile Internet, traditional Physical Experiment will no longer be limited to by experiment place and time, can test whenever and wherever possible, the pattern of the Physical Experiment that breaks traditions.Finally, the present invention be used in the actual measurement of optical maser wavelength, measurement result shows, the precision of counter is high, and stability is strong, meets the demand of practical engineering application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is existing photoelectric sensor Counts block diagram.
Fig. 2 is integral module schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is Image semantic classification process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is Image semantic classification design sketch of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is central area figure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 of the present inventionly determines effective zone algorithm process flow diagram automatically.
Fig. 7 is effective coverage figure of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is interference ring figure of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is Sobel Prototype drawing of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the counting design sketch of interference ring of the present invention.
Figure 11 is that remote measurement and control module of the present invention is always schemed.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing, only for exemplary illustration, can not be interpreted as the restriction to this patent; In order to better the present embodiment is described, some parts of accompanying drawing have omission, zoom in or out, and do not represent the size of actual product; To those skilled in the art, in accompanying drawing, some known features and explanation thereof may be omitted is understandable.Describe position relationship in accompanying drawing only for exemplary illustration, the restriction to this patent can not be interpreted as.
As shown in Fig. 2,11, the remote measuring and controlling system of Michelson interference ring, comprising server end module and client modules, server end module comprises interference fringe optical imagery module 1, imaging screen 2, picture signal are caught and modular converter 3, Data acquisition and transmit module 4, PC 5;
Interference fringe optical imagery module 1 comprises stepper motor 11 and Michelson interferometer 12, and stepper motor 11 is electrically connected with Michelson interferometer 12, and Michelson interferometer 12 images in imaging screen 2; Picture signal is caught and is comprised optical lens 31 and matrix CCD 32 with modular converter 3, and optical lens 31 receives imaging screen 2 reflection ray, and matrix CCD 32 is connected with Data acquisition and transmit module 4; Data acquisition and transmit module 4 is A/D data collecting card;
Client modules comprises PC or mobile phone or Intelligent mobile equipment.
The telecommunication of design Based PC platform and Intelligent mobile equipment platform, client modules is undertaken communicating and remote sensing observing and controlling by internet and mobile Internet with server module, realize the Long-distance Control of experiment and the Real-Time Sharing of experimental data, facilitate the carrying out of every experiment.Form primarily of server end module and the large parts of client modules two, the equipment of server end module comprises interference fringe optical imagery module, imaging screen, picture signal are caught and modular converter, Data acquisition and transmit module, PC, and the equipment of client modules comprises the Intelligent mobile equipment such as PC and mobile phone.The PC of client modules connects into the Internet by cable network, and mobile phone is then entered the Internet by wireless network, realizes the connection with server end module, the work of Long-distance Control measuring system and acquisition measurement result.
Conventional physical experiment is combined with internet, mobile Internet, by installing control of intelligent terminal to traditional experimental instrument, experimenter can leave experimental situation, by the mobile devices such as mobile phone monitoring experiment process and acquisition experimental result anywhere, traditional Physical Experiment will no longer be limited to by experiment place and time, can test whenever and wherever possible, the pattern of the Physical Experiment that breaks traditions.
The Methods of Remote Monitoring of Michelson interference ring, the outgoing of interference fringe optical imagery module 1 images in imaging screen 2, picture signal is caught and to be caught by the light signal of image with modular converter 3 and to convert electric signal to, Data acquisition and transmit module 4 is utilized to be digital signal by catching from picture signal with the transform electrical signals of modular converter 3, and the data collected are sent to PC 5 and carry out image procossing and counting operation, and result is presented on PC 5, obtain the data of experiment by client modules 6 and data processed, also comprising following concrete steps:
S1. picture signal is caught that the image collected with modular converter 3 carries out image subtraction successively, image filtering, gray scale stretch, rim detection, binaryzation, image expansion, image thinning process;
S2. determine center, interference ring effective coverage, stabilize to hollow parts according to effective coverage after step S1 process and do not have noise spot judge interfere Ring current distribution, realize automatically determine effective regional center;
S3. to the Data Detection gradient direction angle at center, effective coverage, judge the variable condition of interference ring according to gradient direction angle change, realize the Auto-counting to interference ring;
S4. quadrant heart place is chosen as counting region; The most obvious in the change of quadrant heart place gradient direction angle, counting effect is the most remarkable;
S5. pass through the telecommunication of PC 5 and client modules 6, carry out the Real-Time Sharing of remote measurement and control and the test result of testing.
Wherein, the data that matrix CCD collects are 256*256.
The image pre-processing method adopted in step S1 is specific as follows, interference ring image normally collects under the background of various complexity, environmental baseline, picture quality is difficult to ensure, therefore, before carrying out Auto-counting, usually will carry out image pretreatment operation, specifically image subtraction, image filtering, gray scale stretching, rim detection, binaryzation, image expansion, image thinning process, Image semantic classification flow process as shown in Figure 3.Fig. 4 is the design sketch of Image semantic classification, and wherein Fig. 4 (a) is the first two field picture that area array CCD gathers, and for image subtraction, Fig. 4 (b) is the pending image that area array CCD gathers.Area array CCD camera collection comes from white screen tabula rasa to the interference image of light, because white screen tabula rasa itself is not completely level and smooth, cause the image that collects inherently the noise " pollution " introduced by background, the present embodiment adopts image subtraction technology to eliminate the interference of background, and effect as shown in Figure 4 (c).In the process gathering interference ring, image can be subject to the impact of noise, and need carry out filtering process before counting, ccd image noise is mainly impulse type noise, and therefore the present embodiment adopts median filtering algorithm to carry out filtering process, and effect is as shown in Fig. 4 (d).The interference experiment of light itself is more responsive to light, experiment needs to carry out in the place of dark, the interference ring image that CCD camera collection arrives is partially dark, and the brightness that reduce further image after image subtraction can be found from Fig. 4 (c), image visual effect is caused to be deteriorated, this makes troubles to the observation of image and the counting in later stage, for improving the visual effect of image, the method that the present embodiment adopts gray scale to stretch carries out image enhaucament, can find from Fig. 4 (e) by after image enhancement processing, picture quality is able to remarkable improvement.For obtaining the boundary information of interference ring image, the present embodiment adopts Laplace operator to carry out rim detection to its image, and result is as shown in Fig. 4 (f).For obtaining distinct interference ring profile information, carrying out binary conversion treatment to image, being found by a large amount of experiments, when the threshold value selecting T=140 as image binaryzation process, image processing effect is the most obvious, as shown in Fig. 4 (g).Occur for the interference ring image after binary conversion treatment the situation that edge contour can not close, the present embodiment uses the expansion template of complete 1 to carry out image expansion to it, and effect is as shown in Fig. 4 (h).After image expansion process, the border of interference ring is thicker and there is a part of noise spot, be unfavorable for subsequent counter, for refined image and stress release treatment point, thinning processing is carried out to image, simultaneously desirable image should be one group of concentric circles, therefore deletes the isolated point existed in image and line segment, effect as Fig. 4 (i) shown in.What Image semantic classification respectively walked completes, for follow-up effective coverage automatic search algorithm and interference ring counting are laid a good foundation.
Feature when observation interference ring " is emerged " or " being absorbed in " alternately changes, the centre the closer to interference ring can be found, the change of pixel value is more obvious, by carrying out to this middle section the Auto-counting that data processing can realize interference ring, this effective coverage is the center of circle part of interference ring, and central area as shown in Figure 5.Find after carrying out Image semantic classification to interference ring, effective coverage stabilizes to hollow parts, as Fig. 4 (i) shown in.Thus, the design of effective coverage automatic search algorithm is proposed, the variable length square templates of R*R and image is utilized to carry out template computing, whether the gray-scale value detecting the image pixel in region corresponding to square templates is 255, if there is this kind of situation explanation to there occurs " collision ", illustrate " square " field of this point non-required by, otherwise, then record the region that now template is corresponding, and the template of R*R is extended to (R+5) * (R+5), then the ensuing image-region of traversal is continued, until traveled through.At the end of traversal, region corresponding to the template finally recorded is then effective coverage.
In step S2, the concrete steps of effective coverage automatic search algorithm are as follows, its process flow diagram as shown in Figure 6,
S21. for avoiding access images element to cross the border, the image area size of actual treatment is (256-R) * (256-R), is designated as image-region A, loop variable i and j is set, and make its initial value be 0, CPoint variable p and length of side variable r is set, and makes the initial value of r be R;
S22. access 1 A (i, j) in A, the gray-scale value of corresponding for A (i, j) ~ A (i+R, j+R) square area is compared with 255, if there is the point equaling 255, exits circulation, enter step S23; If without generation " jumping out " situation (" jumping out " situation refers to drop by the wayside circulation), enter step S24;
If S23. j< (256-R), then j++, re-executes step S22; If j>=(256-R) and i< (256-R), then i++, j=1, re-executes step S22; Otherwise program stopped performs, and now recorded take p as top left corner apex, and the length of side is that the region of r is region to be asked;
S24. make p=A (i, j), r=R, then R=R+5, continue to perform step S22.
As shown in Figure 7, the white square at its center is the effective coverage determined to the design sketch that use effective coverage automatic search algorithm draws, by finding in figure that automatic search algorithm can determine effective coverage exactly.
In step s3, the method counting interference ring detecting gradient direction angle change is adopted." emerging " and " being absorbed in " situation at interference ring center as shown in Figure 8, wherein Fig. 8 (a) and (c) corresponding interference ring state of " emerging ", the state that the corresponding interference ring of Fig. 8 (b) " is absorbed in ", wherein process (a)-(b)-(c) is the count cycle that of " emerging "-" being absorbed in "-" emerging " is complete.Fringe center " emerge " and " being absorbed in " time, carry out gradient direction angle calculating to its effective coverage, when fringe center " is emerged ", its gradient angle direction is pointed to inner; When fringe center " is absorbed in ", its gradient angle direction is pointed to outside.Therefore, can realize by detecting gradient direction angle change the counting of interference ring.
Further, in step S3, adopt Sobel operator to ask the gradient direction angle of interference ring, template as shown in Figure 9, can calculate effective coverage first-order partial derivative in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, gradient direction angle
Wherein
for the first-order partial derivative about horizontal direction,
for the first-order partial derivative about vertical direction, according to Sobel operator
Wherein
for process image;
When " emerging " in interference ring center, the gradient angle that effective coverage is corresponding
, when interference ring center " is absorbed in ", the gradient angle that effective coverage is corresponding
, show ring center " emerge " and " being absorbed in " time gradient angle direction be contrary; According to
with
situation of change, judge the change of interference ring; Work as gradient angle
value when becoming contrary several of symbol, judge that the effective coverage of interference ring has become " being absorbed in " from " emerging " or " being absorbed in " becomes " emerging ", interference ring counter adds 0.5; Become " emerging " from " being absorbed in " in the middle of the interference ring or " emerging " becomes " being absorbed in ", interference ring counter adds 0.5 again; At the end of counting, directly the value of number of rings counter is returned.Like this, the Auto-counting of interference ring is realized with regard to Absorbable organic halogens.
In step S4, in the counting processing procedure of reality, directly can not choose center, effective coverage as counting region because effective coverage central interior gradient direction a little all refer to internally or point to outside.Due to the characteristic that gradient vector is added, cause gradient to be cancelled out each other, its total gradient is close to zero, and gradient angle change is not obvious.Therefore, choose quadrant heart place as counting region, the now change of gradient is the most obvious, and counting effect is the most remarkable, and counting effect as shown in Figure 10.
First the light beam produced by He-Ne laser instrument forms interference ring through Michelson interferometer, and image in imaging screen, by matrix CCD picture signal caught again and change, then be transferred to PC by A/D data collecting card and carry out the operation such as image procossing and counting, and result is presented on PC, achieve the Auto-counting of Michelson interferometer.Table 1 is actual number of rings and the counter measures number of rings result table of comparisons.
The actual number of rings of table 1 and the counter measures number of rings result table of comparisons
Experimental data shows, the result that the intelligent counter of the present invention's design is measured is basically identical with actual situation, and the relative error of average measurements is 0.00187.The main cause that there is fine difference is the interference of outside environmental elements in experimentation, and such as interference sound makes Michelson interferometer produce slight vibrations, causes the fluctuation of interference ring, causes counting there is minimum difference.
For verifying accuracy and the validity of counter further, this counter being applied to optical interferometry and measuring in optical maser wavelength.Start application measuring system, take multiple measurements, the measurement data obtained and result as shown in table 2:
The measurement data table of table 2 optical maser wavelength
The He-Ne laser that monochromaticity is good generally acknowledges that theoretical wavelength is λ=632.8nm, and this method records optical maser wavelength mean value is 633.56nm, and the measuring error of experimental result is little.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described, and is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here exhaustive without the need to also giving all embodiments.All any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent to replace and improvement etc., within the protection domain that all should be included in the claims in the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the Methods of Remote Monitoring of Michelson interference ring, interference fringe optical imagery module (1) outgoing images in imaging screen (2), picture signal is caught and to be caught by the light signal of image with modular converter (3) and to convert electric signal to, Data acquisition and transmit module (4) is utilized to be digital signal by catching with the transform electrical signals of modular converter (3) from picture signal, and the data collected are sent to PC (5) and carry out image procossing and counting operation, and result is presented on PC (5), described picture signal is caught and is comprised optical lens (31) and matrix CCD (32) with modular converter (3), it is characterized in that, also comprise following concrete steps:
S1. the image collected matrix CCD (32) carries out image subtraction, image filtering, gray scale stretching, rim detection, binaryzation, image expansion, image thinning process successively;
S2. determine center, interference ring effective coverage, stabilize to hollow parts according to effective coverage after step S1 process and do not have noise spot judge interfere Ring current distribution, realize automatically determine effective regional center;
S3. to the Data Detection gradient direction angle at center, effective coverage, judge the variable condition of interference ring according to gradient direction angle change, realize the Auto-counting to interference ring;
S4. counting region is chosen;
S5. pass through the telecommunication of PC (5) and client modules (6), carry out the Real-Time Sharing of remote measurement and control and the test result of testing.
2. the Methods of Remote Monitoring of Michelson interference ring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S3, adopt Sobel operator to ask the gradient direction angle of interference ring, effective coverage first-order partial derivative in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be calculated, gradient direction angle
Wherein
for the first-order partial derivative about horizontal direction,
for the first-order partial derivative about vertical direction, according to Sobel operator
Wherein
for process image;
When " emerging " in interference ring center, the gradient angle that effective coverage is corresponding
, when interference ring center " is absorbed in ", the gradient angle that effective coverage is corresponding
, show ring center " emerge " and " being absorbed in " time gradient angle direction be contrary; According to
with
situation of change, judge the change of interference ring; Work as gradient angle
value when becoming contrary several of symbol, judge that the effective coverage of interference ring has become " being absorbed in " from " emerging " or " being absorbed in " becomes " emerging ", interference ring counter adds 0.5; Become " emerging " from " being absorbed in " in the middle of the interference ring or " emerging " becomes " being absorbed in ", interference ring counter adds 0.5 again; At the end of counting, directly the value of number of rings counter is returned.
3. the Methods of Remote Monitoring of Michelson interference ring according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step S2, comprises the following steps:
S21. the image area size of actual treatment is (256-R) * (256-R), is designated as image-region A, arranges loop variable i and j, and makes its initial value be 0, arranges CPoint variable p and length of side variable r, and makes the initial value of r be R;
S22. access 1 A (i, j) in A, the gray-scale value of corresponding for A (i, j) ~ A (i+R, j+R) square area is compared with 255, if there is the point equaling 255, exits circulation, enter step S23; If without exiting loop condition, enter step S24;
If S23. j< (256-R), then j++, re-executes step S22; If j>=(256-R) and i< (256-R), then i++, j=1, re-executes step S22; Otherwise program stopped performs, and now recorded take p as top left corner apex, and the length of side is that the region of r is region to be asked;
S24. make p=A (i, j), r=R, then R=R+5, continue to perform step S22.
4. one kind utilizes the TT&C system of the arbitrary described investigating method of claim 1 to 3, comprise server end module and client modules, server end module comprises interference fringe optical imagery module (1), imaging screen (2), picture signal catch and modular converter (3), Data acquisition and transmit module (4), PC (5);
Described interference fringe optical imagery module (1) comprises stepper motor (11) and Michelson interferometer (12), and stepper motor (11) is electrically connected with Michelson interferometer (12), and Michelson interferometer (12) images in imaging screen (2); Optical lens (31) receives imaging screen (2) reflection ray, and matrix CCD (32) is connected with Data acquisition and transmit module (4); Described Data acquisition and transmit module (4) is A/D data collecting card;
Client modules comprises PC or mobile phone or Intelligent mobile equipment.
5. TT&C system according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the data that described matrix CCD (32) collects are 256*256.
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