CN103411688A - Michelson interference ring long-distance measurement and control method and measurement and control system thereof - Google Patents
Michelson interference ring long-distance measurement and control method and measurement and control system thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of Michelson interference ring measurement and control, in particular to a Michelson interference ring long-distance measurement and control method and a measurement and control system of the Michelson interference ring long-distance measurement and control method. The Michelson interference ring long-distance measurement and control method includes the steps of enabling an interference fringe optical imaging module to transmit to conduct imaging on an imaging screen, enabling an image signal capturing and conversion module to capture optical signals of images and convert the optical signals into electrical signals, using a data collection and transmission module to convert the electrical signals coming from the image signal capturing and conversion module to be converted into digital signals, transmitting collected data to a PC to conduct image processing and the counting operation, displaying results on the PC, and obtaining test data and processing the test data through a client terminal module. According to the Michelson interference ring long-distance measurement and control method and the measurement and control system, an area array CCD is adopted to collect the Michelson interference ring images, the interference ring two-dimensional image information is overall, the images are intuitive and clear, and the requirements for interference ring complete information study are met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of Michelson interference ring observing and controlling, more specifically, relate to Methods of Remote Monitoring and the TT&C system thereof of Michelson interference ring.
Background technology
The optical interferometry technology is used widely in fields such as microelectronics, micro-optic and modern industries, wherein the most frequently used technology is the Michelson interfere measurement technique, the core of this technology is to count exactly that interference ring " is emerged " or the number of rings of " being absorbed in ", the practical application request of measuring to meet follow-up distance element.
The counting of interference ring adopts artificial process more in actual use, namely with human eye, directly observe and be imaged onto the interference ring on screen, staff is turn fine motion handwheel gently, ring of every change, once, the each measurement needs number to go out the interference ring of " emerging " or " being absorbed in " to person who happens to be on hand for an errand's work record.The method is simple to operate, except Michelson interferometer, do not need extra measuring equipment, but can only be applicable to counting little interference number of rings, and often need during practical operation to record over a hundreds of above interference number of rings, if adopt this kind method, on the one hand, very easily cause eye fatigue and affect the accuracy of reading; Measurement can only remeasure the waste that causes the plenty of time after makeing mistakes on the other hand; Large to the injury of human eye, not humane in the extreme on the one hand again.
Along with developing rapidly of modern science technology and industrial technology, traditional optical-mechanical method of testing can not adapt to the test request of high precision, high-level efficiency and the robotization of the modern industry and science and technology proposition day by day.In the precision measurement field, must inject new vitality, the appearance of laser and computer technology and the new measuring technology that is combined into of the two open up a new way.For the shortcoming of artificial counting, the researchist has proposed all multi-schemes about stripe automatic counter, and these schemes respectively have advantage, but also Shortcomings.
The photoelectric sensor mensuration: the work block diagram as shown in Figure 1, variation along with optical path difference, " emerging " and " being absorbed in " will alternately appear in interference ring, use photometer head to aim at Michelson interference ring center, now, the photosensitive tube in photometer head can produce along with the variation of light intensity signal the photocurrent of different sizes.By the change transitions of interference ring, be so just the variation of electric signal, as long as electric signal is carried out to certain processing, just can realize the counting to interference ring.But also have following shortcoming: the method to device to put requirement too harsh, and along with the carrying out of measuring, changing also will appear in the thickness of striped, need constantly adjust device position along with the carrying out of measurement, increase the complicacy of practical operation.
Line array CCD mensuration: utilize linear CCD sensor that the picture signal that the interference ring light signal is converted into electric signal is caught and modular converter, again the electric signal from linear CCD sensor is converted into to digital signal, finally data are delivered to microcomputer and process, in microcomputer, realize Auto-counting.Solved like this shortcoming of the difficult and complex operation in photoelectric sensor location, simultaneously by the powerful calculation function of microcomputer, carried out digital filtering etc. and operate further optimized image, the variation by the corresponding pixel points gray-scale value realizes Auto-counting.Shortcoming: aspect the data processing, only the one-dimension information of interference ring is studied, count results is overly dependent upon the range of linearity collected, the two-dimentional true picture that can't show interference ring simultaneously, can not meet the demand of interference ring complete information research, processing for linear data also can't be given full play to the powerful calculation function of microcomputer, on Intelligent treatment, has the very large space of improving.
No matter be the photoelectric sensor mensuration, or line array CCD mensuration, all only lay particular emphasis on the Auto-counting problem that solves interference ring, in fact, the interference of light experiment is an experiment harsher to environmental requirement, in experimentation, easily is subject to the interference of external environment factor, such as interference sound, make Michelson interferometer produce slight vibrations, cause the fluctuation of interference ring, cause count results there are differences.Existing experimental situation requires the experimenter must be at the experimental apparatus line operate that advances, thereby the careful impact reduced experimental result as much as possible in operating process, make the interference of light experiments of measuring be subject to testing the limitation of place and time, to bringing inconvenience of experiment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve the problems of the technologies described above at least to a certain extent.
The Methods of Remote Monitoring and the TT&C system thereof that the purpose of this invention is to provide the Michelson interference ring, utilize area array CCD to gather Michelson interference ring image; Adopt image subtraction, image filtering, gray scale stretching, rim detection, binaryzation, image expansion and refinement to gathering the image pre-service; Design effective coverage automatic search algorithm is determined effective regional center; Adopt and detect the method counting interference ring that gradient direction angle changes, and choose quadrant heart place as counting region; Design, based on the telecommunication of PC platform and the Intelligent mobile equipment platform of wifi, realizes the remote measurement and control of experiment and the Real-Time Sharing of test result.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the Methods of Remote Monitoring of Michelson interference ring, the outgoing of interference fringe optical imagery module images in imaging screen, picture signal is caught with modular converter electric signal is caught and converted to the light signal of image, utilize data acquisition and transport module to catch with the electric signal of modular converter and to be converted into digital signal from picture signal, and the data that will collect send PC to and carry out image processing and counting operation, and result is presented on PC, by client modules, obtain the data of experiment and data are processed, described picture signal is caught with modular converter and is comprised optical lens and matrix CCD, wherein, also comprise following concrete steps:
S1. image matrix CCD collected carries out image subtraction, image filtering, gray scale stretching, rim detection, binaryzation, image expansion, image thinning processing successively;
S2. determine center, interference ring effective coverage, process according to step S1 the center that judges interference ring that effective coverage later stabilizes to hollow parts and there is no noise spot, realize automatically determining effective regional center;
S3. to the Data Detection gradient direction angle at center, effective coverage, according to gradient direction angle, change to judge the variable condition of interference ring, realize the Auto-counting to interference ring;
S4. choose quadrant heart place as counting region; Variation at quadrant heart place gradient direction angle is the most obvious, and the counting effect is the most remarkable;
S5. by the telecommunication of PC and client modules, the remote measurement and control of testing and the Real-Time Sharing of test result.
Wherein, the data that collect of matrix CCD are 256*256.
Specific as follows at the image pre-processing method that step S1 adopts, the interference ring image normally collects under the background of various complexity, environmental baseline, picture quality is difficult to guarantee, therefore, before carrying out Auto-counting, usually to carry out image pretreatment operation, specifically image subtraction, image filtering, gray scale stretching, rim detection, binaryzation, image expansion, image thinning are processed, completing of each step of image pre-service, for follow-up effective coverage automatic search algorithm and interference ring counting is laid a good foundation.
Observing interference ring " emerges " or " being absorbed in " characteristics while alternately changing, can find the centre the closer to interference ring, the variation of pixel value is more obvious, processes by this middle section being carried out to data the Auto-counting that can realize interference ring, and this effective coverage is the center of circle part of interference ring.Interference ring is carried out finding after the image pre-service, and effective coverage stabilizes to hollow parts.Thus, the design of effective coverage automatic search algorithm is proposed, utilize variable length square template and the image of R*R to carry out the template computing, whether the gray-scale value that detects the image pixel in square template institute corresponding region is 255, if exist the explanation of this kind situation that " collision " occurred, " square " field that this point is described is non-required, otherwise, record now zone corresponding to template, and the template of R*R is extended to (R+5) * (R+5), then continue the ensuing image-region of traversal, until traveled through.When traversal finished, finally the zone corresponding to template of record was effective coverage.
In described step S2, the concrete steps of effective coverage automatic search algorithm are as follows:
S21. for avoiding the access images element to cross the border, the image area size of actual treatment is (256-R) * (256-R), is designated as image-region A, loop variable i and j are set, and make that its initial value is 0, CPoint variable p and length of side variable r are set, and to make the initial value of r be R;
S22. access 1 A (i, j) in A, by A (i, j)～A (i+R, j+R) corresponding square area gray-scale value and 255 relatively, if exist, equal 255 point exit circulation, enter step S23; If, without " jumping out " situation (" jumping out " situation refers to drop by the wayside circulation) occurs, enter step S24;
If S23. j<(256-R), j++, re-execute step S22; If j >=(256-R) and i<(256-R), and i++, j=1, re-execute step S22; Otherwise program stopped is carried out, the p of take now recorded is top left corner apex, and the length of side is that the zone of r is and waits to ask zone;
S24. make p=A (i, j), r=R, then R=R+5, continue execution step S22.
Further, in described step S3, adopt the Sobel operator to ask the gradient direction angle of interference ring, can calculate effective coverage in the horizontal direction with vertical direction on the single order partial derivative, gradient direction angle
Wherein
For the single order partial derivative about horizontal direction,
For the single order partial derivative about vertical direction, as can be known according to the Sobel operator
Wherein
For processing image;
When " emerge " in the interference ring center, the gradient angle that effective coverage is corresponding
, when the interference ring center " is absorbed in ", the gradient angle that effective coverage is corresponding
, show " to emerge " in the ring center and when " being absorbed in " direction of gradient angle be opposite; According to
With
Situation of change, the judgement interference ring variation; Work as gradient angle
Value while becoming opposite in sign several, the effective coverage of judgement interference ring by " emerging ", becomes " being absorbed in " or " being absorbed in " becomes " emerging ", the interference ring counter adds 0.5; By " being absorbed in ", become " emerging " in the middle of the interference ring or " emerging " becomes " being absorbed in ", the interference ring counter adds 0.5 again; When counting finishes, directly the value of number of rings counter is returned.
In described step S4, in actual counting processing procedure, can not directly choose the center, effective coverage as counting region because the effective coverage central interior gradient direction a little all refer to inner or point to outside.Due to the characteristic of gradient vector addition, cause gradient to be cancelled out each other, its total gradient is close to zero, and gradient angle changes not obvious.Therefore, choose quadrant heart place as counting region, the now variation of gradient is the most obvious, and the counting effect is the most remarkable.
A kind of TT&C system of utilizing described investigating method, comprise server end module and client modules, and the server end module comprises interference fringe optical imagery module, imaging screen, picture signal is caught and modular converter, data acquisition and transport module, PC;
Described interference fringe optical imagery module comprises stepper motor and Michelson interferometer, and stepper motor is electrically connected to Michelson interferometer, and Michelson interferometer images in imaging screen; Described picture signal is caught with modular converter and is comprised optical lens and matrix CCD, and optical lens receives the imaging screen reflection ray, and matrix CCD is connected with transport module with data acquisition; Described data acquisition and transport module are the A/D data collecting card;
Client modules comprises PC or mobile phone or Intelligent mobile equipment.
Design is based on the telecommunication of PC platform and Intelligent mobile equipment platform, client modules and service end module communicate and remote sensing observing and controlling by internet and mobile Internet, the Long-distance Control of experiment and the Real-Time Sharing of experimental data, facilitate the carrying out of every experiment.Mainly by server end module and the large parts of client modules two, formed, the equipment of server end module comprises interference fringe optical imagery module, imaging screen, picture signal is caught and modular converter, data acquisition and transport module, PC, and the equipment of client modules comprises the Intelligent mobile equipments such as PC and mobile phone.The PC of client modules connects into the Internet by cable network, and mobile phone enters the Internet by wireless network, and realization is connected with the server end module, the work of Long-distance Control measuring system and acquisition measurement result.
The conventional physical experiment is combined with internet, mobile Internet, by giving traditional experiment apparatus installation control of intelligent terminal, the experimenter can leave experimental situation, by the mobile devices such as mobile phone monitoring experiment process and obtain experimental result anywhere, make traditional Physical Experiment no longer to be tested place and the time limits to, can test the pattern of the Physical Experiment that breaks traditions whenever and wherever possible.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect is: the present invention utilizes area array CCD to gather Michelson interference ring image, and the interference ring two-dimensional image information is comprehensive, and image is simple and clear, meets the demand of interference ring complete information research; The relevant knowledge that combining image is processed, adopt the methods such as image subtraction, image filtering, gray scale stretching, rim detection, binaryzation, image expansion and refinement to gathering the image pre-service, completing of each step of image pre-service, not only can effectively improve the picture quality of interference ring image, and be that follow-up effective coverage automatic search algorithm and interference ring counting are laid a good foundation; Design effective coverage automatic search algorithm is determined effective regional center, has avoided physical operations frequently, for the optical interferometry practical application provides effective embodiment; The method that proposes the variation of detection gradient direction angle is counted interference ring, changes by the direction gradient angle in the real-time judge counting region, further judges the variation of interference ring, has promoted the stability of counting; Choose quadrant heart place as counting region, make the variation of gradient the most obvious, the counting effect is the most remarkable, has improved the precision of counting; Design is based on the telecommunication of PC platform and the Intelligent mobile equipment platform of wifi, realize the remote measurement and control of experiment and the Real-Time Sharing of test result, the conventional physical experiment is combined with internet, mobile Internet, make traditional Physical Experiment no longer to be tested place and the time limits to, can test the pattern of the Physical Experiment that breaks traditions whenever and wherever possible.Finally, for the actual measurement of optical maser wavelength, measurement result shows by the present invention, and the precision of counter is high, and stability is strong, meets the demand of practical engineering application.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is existing photoelectric sensor counting work block diagram.
Fig. 2 is integral module schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is image pretreatment process figure of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is image pretreating effect figure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is central area figure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is effective zone algorithm process flow diagram of automatically determining of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is effective coverage figure of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is interference ring figure of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is Sobel template figure of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the counting design sketch of interference ring of the present invention.
Figure 11 is that remote measurement and control module of the present invention is always schemed.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing, only for exemplary illustration, can not be interpreted as the restriction to this patent; For better explanation the present embodiment, some parts of accompanying drawing have omission, zoom in or out, and do not represent the size of actual product; To those skilled in the art, in accompanying drawing some known configurations and explanation thereof may to omit be understandable.In accompanying drawing, describe position relationship only for exemplary illustration, can not be interpreted as the restriction to this patent.
As shown in Fig. 2,11, the remote measuring and controlling system of Michelson interference ring, comprising server end module and client modules, the server end module comprises interference fringe optical imagery module 1, imaging screen 2, picture signal is caught and modular converter 3, data acquisition and transport module 4, PC 5;
Interference fringe optical imagery module 1 comprises stepper motor 11 and Michelson interferometer 12, and stepper motor 11 is electrically connected to Michelson interferometer 12, and Michelson interferometer 12 images in imaging screen 2; Picture signal is caught with modular converter 3 and is comprised optical lens 31 and matrix CCD 32, and optical lens 31 receives imaging screen 2 reflection rays, and matrix CCD 32 is connected with transport module 4 with data acquisition; Data acquisition and transport module 4 are the A/D data collecting card;
Client modules comprises PC or mobile phone or Intelligent mobile equipment.
Design is based on the telecommunication of PC platform and Intelligent mobile equipment platform, client modules and service end module communicate and remote sensing observing and controlling by internet and mobile Internet, realize the Long-distance Control of experiment and the Real-Time Sharing of experimental data, facilitate the carrying out of every experiment.Mainly by server end module and the large parts of client modules two, formed, the equipment of server end module comprises interference fringe optical imagery module, imaging screen, picture signal is caught and modular converter, data acquisition and transport module, PC, and the equipment of client modules comprises the Intelligent mobile equipments such as PC and mobile phone.The PC of client modules connects into the Internet by cable network, and mobile phone enters the Internet by wireless network, and realization is connected with the server end module, the work of Long-distance Control measuring system and acquisition measurement result.
The conventional physical experiment is combined with internet, mobile Internet, by giving traditional experiment apparatus installation control of intelligent terminal, the experimenter can leave experimental situation, by the mobile devices such as mobile phone monitoring experiment process and obtain experimental result anywhere, make traditional Physical Experiment no longer to be tested place and the time limits to, can test the pattern of the Physical Experiment that breaks traditions whenever and wherever possible.
The Methods of Remote Monitoring of Michelson interference ring, 1 outgoing of interference fringe optical imagery module images in imaging screen 2, picture signal is caught with modular converter 3 electric signal is caught and converted to the light signal of image, utilize data acquisition and transport module 4 to catch with the electric signal of modular converter 3 and to be converted into digital signal from picture signal, and the data that will collect send PC 5 to and carry out image processing and counting operation, and result is presented on PC 5, by client modules 6, obtain the data of experiment and data processed, also comprising following concrete steps:
S1. picture signal is caught to the image collected with modular converter 3 and carry out successively image subtraction, image filtering, gray scale stretching, rim detection, binaryzation, image expansion, image thinning processing;
S2. determine center, interference ring effective coverage, process according to step S1 the center that judges interference ring that effective coverage later stabilizes to hollow parts and there is no noise spot, realize automatically determining effective regional center;
S3. to the Data Detection gradient direction angle at center, effective coverage, according to gradient direction angle, change to judge the variable condition of interference ring, realize the Auto-counting to interference ring;
S4. choose quadrant heart place as counting region; Variation at quadrant heart place gradient direction angle is the most obvious, and the counting effect is the most remarkable;
S5. by telecommunication, the remote measurement and control of testing and the Real-Time Sharing of test result of PC 5 and client modules 6.
Wherein, the data that collect of matrix CCD are 256*256.
Specific as follows at the image pre-processing method that step S1 adopts, the interference ring image normally collects under the background of various complexity, environmental baseline, picture quality is difficult to guarantee, therefore, before carrying out Auto-counting, usually will carry out image pretreatment operation, specifically image subtraction, image filtering, gray scale stretching, rim detection, binaryzation, image expansion, image thinning are processed, and the image pretreatment process as shown in Figure 3.Fig. 4 is the pretreated design sketch of image, and wherein Fig. 4 (a) is the first two field picture that area array CCD gathers, and for image subtraction, Fig. 4 (b) is the pending image that area array CCD gathers.The area array CCD camera collection comes from white screen tabula rasa to the interference of light image, because white screen tabula rasa itself is not fully level and smooth, the noise " pollution " that causes the image collected itself just to be introduced by background, the present embodiment adopts the image subtraction technology to eliminate the interference of background, and effect as shown in Figure 4 (c).In gathering the process of interference ring, image can be subject to the impact of noise, need before counting, carry out the filtering processing, and the ccd image noise is mainly impulse type noise, so the present embodiment adopts median filtering algorithm to carry out the filtering processing, and effect is as shown in Fig. 4 (d).Interference of light experiment itself is more responsive to light, experiment need to be carried out in the darker place of light, the interference ring figure kine bias that the CCD camera collection arrives is dark, and from Fig. 4 (c), can find further to have reduced the brightness of image after image subtraction, cause the image visual effect variation, this observation to image and the counting in later stage are made troubles, for improving the visual effect of image, the method that the present embodiment adopts gray scale to stretch is carried out the figure image intensifying, from Fig. 4 (e), finding that by after image enhancement processing, picture quality is able to remarkable improvement.For obtaining the boundary information of interference ring image, the present embodiment adopts the Laplace operator to carry out rim detection to its image, and result is as shown in Fig. 4 (f).For obtaining distinct interference ring profile information, image is carried out to binary conversion treatment, by a large amount of experiment, find, when the threshold value of selecting T=140 to process as image binaryzation, image processing effect is the most obvious, as shown in Fig. 4 (g).For the interference ring image after binary conversion treatment, the situation that edge contour can not be closed occurs, the expansion template of the present embodiment use complete 1 is carried out image expansion to it, and effect is as shown in Fig. 4 (h).After image expansion is processed, the border chap of interference ring and have a part of noise spot, be unfavorable for follow-up counting, for refined image and elimination noise spot, image is carried out to thinning processing, desirable image should be one group of concentric circles simultaneously, therefore the isolated point and the line segment that in image, exist is deleted, and effect is as shown in Fig. 4 (i).Completing of each step of image pre-service, for follow-up effective coverage automatic search algorithm and interference ring counting is laid a good foundation.
Observing interference ring " emerges " or " being absorbed in " characteristics while alternately changing, can find the centre the closer to interference ring, the variation of pixel value is more obvious, by this middle section being carried out to data, process the Auto-counting that can realize interference ring, this effective coverage is the center of circle part of interference ring, and central area as shown in Figure 5.Interference ring is carried out finding after the image pre-service, and effective coverage stabilizes to hollow parts, as shown in Fig. 4 (i).Thus, the design of effective coverage automatic search algorithm is proposed, utilize variable length square template and the image of R*R to carry out the template computing, whether the gray-scale value that detects the image pixel in square template institute corresponding region is 255, if exist the explanation of this kind situation that " collision " occurred, " square " field that this point is described is non-required, otherwise, record now zone corresponding to template, and the template of R*R is extended to (R+5) * (R+5), then continue the ensuing image-region of traversal, until traveled through.When traversal finished, finally the zone corresponding to template of record was effective coverage.
In step S2, the concrete steps of effective coverage automatic search algorithm are as follows, its process flow diagram as shown in Figure 6,
S21. for avoiding the access images element to cross the border, the image area size of actual treatment is (256-R) * (256-R), is designated as image-region A, loop variable i and j are set, and make that its initial value is 0, CPoint variable p and length of side variable r are set, and to make the initial value of r be R;
S22. access 1 A (i, j) in A, by A (i, j)～A (i+R, j+R) corresponding square area gray-scale value and 255 relatively, if exist, equal 255 point exit circulation, enter step S23; If, without " jumping out " situation (" jumping out " situation refers to drop by the wayside circulation) occurs, enter step S24;
If S23. j<(256-R), j++, re-execute step S22; If j >=(256-R) and i<(256-R), and i++, j=1, re-execute step S22; Otherwise program stopped is carried out, the p of take now recorded is top left corner apex, and the length of side is that the zone of r is and waits to ask zone;
S24. make p=A (i, j), r=R, then R=R+5, continue execution step S22.
Use design sketch that the effective coverage automatic search algorithm draws as shown in Figure 7 the white square at ，Qi center be definite effective coverage, in figure, can find that automatic search algorithm can determine effective coverage exactly.
In step S3, adopt and detect the method counting interference ring that gradient direction angle changes." the emerging " at interference ring center and " being absorbed in " situation are as shown in Figure 8, wherein Fig. 8 (a) and (c) the corresponding interference ring state of " emerging ", the state that the corresponding interference ring of Fig. 8 (b) " is absorbed in ", wherein process (a)-(b)-(c) is the complete count cycle of " emerging "-" being absorbed in "-" emerging ".In fringe center, " emerge " and when " being absorbed in ", gradient direction angle calculating carried out in its effective coverage, when fringe center " was emerged ", its gradient angle direction was pointed to inner; When fringe center " was absorbed in ", its gradient angle direction was pointed to outside.Therefore, the counting of interference ring changed and can realize by detecting gradient direction angle.
Further, in step S3, adopt the Sobel operator to ask the gradient direction angle of interference ring, template as shown in Figure 9, can calculate effective coverage in the horizontal direction with vertical direction on the single order partial derivative, gradient direction angle
Wherein
For the single order partial derivative about horizontal direction,
For the single order partial derivative about vertical direction, as can be known according to the Sobel operator
Wherein
For processing image;
When " emerge " in the interference ring center, the gradient angle that effective coverage is corresponding
, when the interference ring center " is absorbed in ", the gradient angle that effective coverage is corresponding
, show " to emerge " in the ring center and when " being absorbed in " direction of gradient angle be opposite; According to
With
Situation of change, the judgement interference ring variation; Work as gradient angle
Value while becoming opposite in sign several, the effective coverage of judgement interference ring by " emerging ", becomes " being absorbed in " or " being absorbed in " becomes " emerging ", the interference ring counter adds 0.5; By " being absorbed in ", become " emerging " in the middle of the interference ring or " emerging " becomes " being absorbed in ", the interference ring counter adds 0.5 again; When counting finishes, directly the value of number of rings counter is returned.Like this, just can stably realize the Auto-counting of interference ring.
In step S4, in actual counting processing procedure, can not directly choose the center, effective coverage as counting region because the effective coverage central interior gradient direction a little all refer to inner or point to outside.Due to the characteristic of gradient vector addition, cause gradient to be cancelled out each other, its total gradient is close to zero, and gradient angle changes not obvious.Therefore, choose quadrant heart place as counting region, the now variation of gradient is the most obvious, and the counting effect is the most remarkable, and the counting effect as shown in figure 10.
At first the light beam produced by the He-Ne laser instrument forms interference ring through Michelson interferometer, and image in imaging screen, by matrix CCD, picture signal is caught and changed again, then by the A/D data collecting card, be transferred to PC and carry out the operations such as image processing and counting, and result is presented on PC, realized the Auto-counting of Michelson interferometer.Table 1 is actual number of rings and the counter measures number of rings table of comparisons as a result.
The actual number of rings of table 1 and counter measures number of rings be the table of comparisons as a result
Experimental data shows, the result that the intelligent counter of the present invention's design is measured is basically identical with actual situation, and the relative error of average measurement result is 0.00187.The main cause that has fine difference is the interference of extraneous environmental factor in experimentation, such as interference sound, makes Michelson interferometer produce slight vibrations, causes the fluctuation of interference ring, causes counting having minimum difference.
For further verifying accuracy and the validity of counter, this counter is applied to optical interferometry and measures in optical maser wavelength.Start the application measuring system, take multiple measurements, the measurement data and the result that obtain are as shown in table 2:
The measurement data table of table 2 optical maser wavelength
The good He-Ne laser of monochromaticity generally acknowledges that theoretical wavelength is λ=632.8nm, and this method to record optical maser wavelength mean value be 633.56nm, the measuring error of experimental result is little.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention clearly is described, and is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here exhaustive without also giving all embodiments.All any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the Methods of Remote Monitoring of Michelson interference ring, interference fringe optical imagery module (1) outgoing images in imaging screen (2), picture signal is caught with modular converter (3) electric signal is caught and converted to the light signal of image, utilize data acquisition and transport module (4) to catch with the electric signal of modular converter (3) and to be converted into digital signal from picture signal, and the data that will collect send PC (5) to and carry out image processing and counting operation, and result is presented on PC (5), by client modules (6), obtain the data of experiment and data are processed, described picture signal is caught with modular converter (3) and is comprised optical lens (31) and matrix CCD (32), it is characterized in that, also comprise following concrete steps:
S1. image matrix CCD (32) collected carries out image subtraction, image filtering, gray scale stretching, rim detection, binaryzation, image expansion, image thinning processing successively;
S2. determine center, interference ring effective coverage, process according to step S1 the center that judges interference ring that effective coverage later stabilizes to hollow parts and there is no noise spot, realize automatically determining effective regional center;
S3. to the Data Detection gradient direction angle at center, effective coverage, according to gradient direction angle, change to judge the variable condition of interference ring, realize the Auto-counting to interference ring;
S4. choose counting region;
S5. by telecommunication, the remote measurement and control of testing and the Real-Time Sharing of test result of PC (5) and client modules (6).
2. the Methods of Remote Monitoring of Michelson interference ring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S3, adopt the Sobel operator to ask the gradient direction angle of interference ring, can calculate effective coverage in the horizontal direction with vertical direction on the single order partial derivative, gradient direction angle
Wherein
For the single order partial derivative about horizontal direction,
For the single order partial derivative about vertical direction, as can be known according to the Sobel operator
Wherein
For processing image;
When " emerge " in the interference ring center, the gradient angle that effective coverage is corresponding
, when the interference ring center " is absorbed in ", the gradient angle that effective coverage is corresponding
, show " to emerge " in the ring center and when " being absorbed in " direction of gradient angle be opposite; According to
With
Situation of change, the judgement interference ring variation; Work as gradient angle
Value while becoming opposite in sign several, the effective coverage of judgement interference ring by " emerging ", becomes " being absorbed in " or " being absorbed in " becomes " emerging ", the interference ring counter adds 0.5; By " being absorbed in ", become " emerging " in the middle of the interference ring or " emerging " becomes " being absorbed in ", the interference ring counter adds 0.5 again; When counting finishes, directly the value of number of rings counter is returned.
3. the Methods of Remote Monitoring of Michelson interference ring according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step S2, comprises the following steps:
S21. the image area size of actual treatment is (256-R) * (256-R), is designated as image-region A, and loop variable i and j are set, and makes that its initial value is 0, and CPoint variable p and length of side variable r are set, and to make the initial value of r be R;
S22. access 1 A (i, j) in A, by A (i, j)～A (i+R, j+R) corresponding square area gray-scale value and 255 relatively, if exist, equal 255 point exit circulation, enter step S23; If, without exiting loop condition, enter step S24;
If S23. j<(256-R), j++, re-execute step S22; If j >=(256-R) and i<(256-R), and i++, j=1, re-execute step S22; Otherwise program stopped is carried out, the p of take now recorded is top left corner apex, and the length of side is that the zone of r is and waits to ask zone;
S24. make p=A (i, j), r=R, then R=R+5, continue execution step S22.
4. the Methods of Remote Monitoring of Michelson interference ring according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step S4, chooses quadrant heart place as counting region.
5. TT&C system of utilizing the arbitrary described investigating method of claim 1 to 4, comprise server end module and client modules, the server end module comprises interference fringe optical imagery module (1), imaging screen (2), picture signal is caught and modular converter (3), data acquisition and transport module (4), PC (5);
Described interference fringe optical imagery module (1) comprises stepper motor (11) and Michelson interferometer (12), and stepper motor (11) is electrically connected to Michelson interferometer (12), and Michelson interferometer (12) images in imaging screen (2); Optical lens (31) receives imaging screen (2) reflection ray, and matrix CCD (32) is connected with transport module (4) with data acquisition; Described data acquisition and transport module (4) are the A/D data collecting card;
Client modules comprises PC or mobile phone or Intelligent mobile equipment.
6. TT&C system according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the data that described matrix CCD (32) collects are 256*256.
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