CN103411674A - Micro fiber spectrometer based oncortex-M3 - Google Patents
Micro fiber spectrometer based oncortex-M3 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103411674A CN103411674A CN2013102851884A CN201310285188A CN103411674A CN 103411674 A CN103411674 A CN 103411674A CN 2013102851884 A CN2013102851884 A CN 2013102851884A CN 201310285188 A CN201310285188 A CN 201310285188A CN 103411674 A CN103411674 A CN 103411674A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a micro fiber spectrometer based oncortex-M3. The micro fiber spectrometer comprises an optical imaging system, an acquisition and processing system of a spectrum electric signal and a host computer software system. A folded and crossed non-symmetric Czerny-Turner structure is employed by the optical imaging system which comprises an incident slit, a collimation lens, a plane diffraction grating, a focusing reflection mirror and a linear array CCD. The acquisition and processing system of the spectrum electric signal comprises an impedance matching circuit, a CCD front end processing chip, and a cortex-M3 processor. The micro fiber spectrometer has the advantages of compact optical structure, simplified spectral telecommunication acquisition system, high using efficiency of cortex-M3 chip function, stable, rapid and low-noise spectral signal performance, and convenient system use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to spectral detection instrument field, be specifically related to a kind of micro fiber spectrometer based on Cortex-M3.
Background technology
Spectral measurement is the technology of measuring ultraviolet, visible, near infrared and infrared band light intensity, is widely used in multiple fields, as fields such as the measurement of concetration of color measuring, chemical analysis or radiometry analysis, film thickness measuring, gas composition analysis.Common mechanical type spectrometer, in order to allow it reach high sensitivity and high-resolution requirement, usually photometry scanning is treated in the rotation of using stepper motor to drive grating, adopts photomultiplier to receive different wave length as detector, and then obtains its spectral power distribution.Therefore need larger work box to meet the needs of driving and transmission, this just makes volume, weight and the power consumption of spectrometer larger.Mechanical fiber spectrometer generally is greater than 30 seconds sweep time simultaneously, is difficult to be applied to the occasion that requirement of real-time is high.By contrast, but based on the micro fiber spectrometer of fixed grating have volume little, lightweight, low in energy consumption, use real-time online flexibly to show spectrum to be measured and cost performance advantages of higher; Micro fiber spectrometer adopts light-conductive optic fibre as the daylighting medium simultaneously, and the spectrum of collection determinand that can be convenient, flexible, used convenient.Due to the plurality of advantages of micro fiber spectrometer, caused more and more at present concern both domestic and external, become a focus of spectral instrument development.Many enterprises arranged at present in development both at home and abroad and sell micro fiber spectrometer, but due to domestic micro fiber spectrometer, also fall behind the product with foreign vendor on the parameters such as real-time, stability and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of spectroscopic data, the market of domestic micro fiber spectrometer is still monopolized by overseas enterprise substantially.Therefore research and exploitation high-performance, the micro fiber spectrometer that has cheaply independent intellectual property right fully have certain practical significance.
The optical imaging device of micro fiber spectrometer is line array CCD.Generally speaking, the spectrum electric signal partly comprises the timing sequence generating of CCD, the control of AD conversion, the pre-service of spectroscopic data and control four major parts of usb data transmission.At present main micro fiber spectrometer generally adopts asymmetric Cheney that-Tener structure on the market, and whether the key distinction is intersecting from light path and focal length different, so performance difference is little on optical system.Yet kinds of schemes is arranged on circuit design, comprise the kinds of schemes such as single-chip microcomputer, FPGA/CPLD.Utilize single-chip microcomputer to have programming characteristics simple, that easily realize as the scheme of processor, but because its work dominant frequency is lower, thereby have influence on the data rate of CCD spectrometer, reduced the real-time of system.Therefore with the CCD spectrometer of single-chip microcomputer as primary processor, generally can not be applied to such as occasions high to the spectrum requirement of real-time such as LED separators.Utilize FPGA or CPLD can reach higher operating rate as the spectrometer of processor, but such processor interface natural resources shortage add that the programming difficulty is higher, is not suitable for adding complicated data processing algorithm in processor inside.Therefore host computer can only be all given in the work of data processing, and this will cause the host computer memory usage high, and response speed waits problem slowly, and also inconvenient product carries out the encryption of bottom simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The speed and the problem of algorithm resource that in order to solve current fiber spectrometer, exist, the invention provides under a kind of prerequisite guaranteeing the fiber spectrometer microminiaturization micro fiber spectrometer based on Cortex-M3 of the test requests such as realization high speed, low noise, wide spectrum, high-resolution simultaneously.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
A kind of micro fiber spectrometer based on Cortex-M3, it is characterized in that: the acquisition processing system and the upper computer software system that comprise optical imaging system, spectrum electric signal, described optical imaging system adopts folding asymmetric Cheney that-Tener structure of intersecting, and comprises entrance slit, collimating mirror, plane diffraction grating, focusing mirror and line array CCD; Described spectrum electrical signal collection disposal system comprises CCD driving circuit, ccd signal output impedance match circuit, CCD front-end processing chip, Cortex-M3 processor; After described optical system forms incident light after slit line source light splitting, imaging is to line array CCD; The picture that described line array CCD will focus on the slit of the different wave length on the CCD picture dot is transformed into the electric signal changed with light intensity and delivers in the Cortex-M3 processor and carry out the data processing after described impedance matching circuit and CCD front-end processing chip; Described Cortex-M3 processes and is responsible for producing the needed sequential of CCD work and drives signal, and the needed steering logic of CCD front-end chip and the spectroscopic data obtained is carried out after the data processing to be sent to host computer by the USB2.0 chip and carry out post-processed.
Further, described a kind of micro fiber spectrometer based on Cortex-M3 is characterized in that: described slit adopts plated film post-etching on quartz glass substrate to obtain, and described collimating mirror and focus lamp are the plano-concave catoptron, and surface is off axis paraboloid mirror.
Treat photometry by optical fiber by fiber coupler lead-in light optical fiber spectrograph, because the width of slit is less than fibre diameter, the incident beam width equals the width of slit.Light beam after slit limit bundle through concave surface collimating mirror collimation back reflection to the diffraction grating surface (native system adopts the grating of 600 lines/mm as diffraction grating, and the cutting density of the grating more spectral range of novel Mingguang City spectrometer is larger).Grating will treat that by dispersion photometry separates by the space that do not coexist of wavelength, and project on the surface of concave surface collection mirror, the collection mirror is by different dispersion spectrum focus reflections to ccd detector picture dot surface, and Cortex-M3 controls CCD the corresponding electric signal that light signal converts to is exported by certain sequential.Each optical element all is fixed on and adopts in the aluminium blackout box that the LY12 aluminium makes, the purpose of processing like this is except reducing the impact on the generation of system testing result of parasitic light reflection, also make simultaneously the position between optical element obtain accurate control, and then can guarantee to collect the catoptrical focal plane of mirror and drop on the incidence window of CCD.Front end at ccd detector adds an optical filter simultaneously, can effectively eliminate the second-order diffraction of visible light and near-infrared band.
The Circuits System of micro fiber spectrometer comprises photo-sensitive cell, signal conditioning circuit, driving and control circuit, USB2.0 interface.CCD will treat that photometry is converted into corresponding analog electrical signal, through 16 AD, be converted to the LPX1768 chip that digital signal transfers adopts Philips company to produce to Cortex-M3(), after cushioning data process, Cortex-M3 passes to by USB2.0 interface (adopting the USB control chip CY7C68013A of Cypress semiconductor company) demonstration that PC carries out the distribution of spectrum relative power.Simultaneously, after on PC, can arranging the parameters such as integral time, average time and Boxcar of micro fiber spectrometer, pass to Cortex-M3, thereby complete the modification of integral time to CCD.In system, 16 AD adopt this front-end processing chip of chip AD9826 to realize, AD9826 is the complete analogue signal processor of a applicable imaging applications, adopt the triple channel framework, be designed for the output of three line colored CCD arrays is sampled and nursed one's health, each passage forms by input clamp circuit, correlated-double-sampling device (CDS), skew DAC and programmable gain amplifier (PGA), and accesses 16 ADC of a high-performance by multiplex mode.Native system is owing to adopting the black and white line array CCD, therefore only used the passage of AD9826.
Further, described a kind of micro fiber spectrometer based on Cortex-M3 is characterized in that: between described CCD and CCD front-end chip, impedance matching circuit is arranged.
Further, described a kind of micro fiber spectrometer based on Cortex-M3, utilize the Cortex-M3 rich in natural resources, integrated based on the wavelet transform noise reduction system in slave computer, it is characterized in that: when guaranteeing processing speed (1ms integral time), reduce as much as possible the noise of the generation of CCD and signal acquisition circuit, guaranteed the accuracy of signal.
Further, described a kind of micro fiber spectrometer based on Cortex-M3 is characterized in that: described upper computer software adopts Visual Studio2010 to write, and can carry out real-time demonstration and the analysis of spectroscopic data.Host computer can arrange the parameters such as integral time, average time and Boxcar of micro spectral instrument system, has also added simultaneously such as absorbance, the isoparametric measurement of transmissivity.
Optical texture compactness of the present invention, spectrum telecommunications acquisition system are simplified, Cortex-M3 chip functions service efficiency is high, the spectral signal stable performance, fast, low noise, system be easy to use.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is optical table design concept figure;
Fig. 2 is the hardware circuit principle block diagram;
Fig. 3 is the slit installation diagram;
Fig. 4 is impedance matching circuit figure;
Fig. 5 is for adopting the front spectrogram of noise reduction algorithm;
Fig. 6 is the spectrogram after the employing noise reduction algorithm;
Fig. 7 is the process flow diagram of upper computer software;
Fig. 8 is the demonstration figure of upper computer software;
Fig. 9 is the CCD Acquisition Circuit;
Figure 10 is the data buffer storage unit circuit;
Figure 11 is the usb data transmission circuit;
Figure 12 is the Cortex-M3 governor circuit.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with Fig. 1～9:
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, a kind of micro fiber spectrometer based on Cortex-M3, it is characterized in that: the acquisition processing system and the upper computer software system that comprise optical imaging system, spectrum electric signal, described optical imaging system adopts folding asymmetric Cheney that-Tener structure of intersecting, and comprises entrance slit, collimating mirror, plane diffraction grating, focusing mirror and line array CCD; Described spectrum electrical signal collection disposal system comprises impedance matching circuit, CCD front-end processing chip, Cortex-M3 processor, after described optical system forms incident light after slit line source light splitting imaging is to line array CCD, and the picture that described line array CCD will focus on the slit of the different wave length on the CCD picture dot is transformed into the electric signal changed with light intensity and delivers in the Cortex-M3 processor and carry out the data processing after described impedance matching circuit and CCD front-end processing chip; Described Cortex-M3 processes and is responsible for producing the needed sequential of CCD work and drives signal, and the needed steering logic of CCD front-end chip and the spectroscopic data obtained is carried out after the data processing to be sent to host computer by the USB2.0 chip and carry out post-processed.
Described slit is S, and collimating mirror is M1, and focusing mirror is M2, and plane grating is G.
Described optical slot as shown in Figure 3, adopts brass, as slit, carrier is installed, and utilizes on quartz glass substrate after plated film, to carry out chemical corrosion and obtain.Slit is one of element of fiber spectrometer, and the width of slit directly affects resolution and the sensitivity of fiber spectrum instrument system.Narrower slit can improve resolution, but luminous flux is less; On the other hand, wider slit can increase sensitivity, but can lose resolution.In different application requirements, select suitable slit width in order to optimize whole test findings.Usually the width of slit can not be too wide, between 5-400 μ m, otherwise can produce interference.The pass of slit and spectral resolution is
R=(DL/n)×(W
s/W
d)×RF (1)
Wherein DL is spectral coverage, and n is detecting device pixel number, W
sFor slit width, W
dFor the detecting device width, RF is resolution factor.
Traditional optical fibre spectrometer narrow slit adopts mechanical means processing, has the shortcomings such as processing difficulties, volume is large, assembling and setting is difficult, and what bring is the volume increase of fiber spectrometer thereupon, and the assembling complexity increases, and is difficult to the requirement that reaches portable.Native system adopts film plating process to make slit, has realized the advantages such as processing is easy, volume is little, assembling and setting is easy.Fig. 3 is the slit scheme of installation, by plated film on the rectangle quartz glass substrate, make the wide slit of certain seam, and glass is fixed on circular copper seat by optical cement, guaranteed the vertical of slit and line array CCD, made the ccd detector pixel can well respond to different wave length place light intensity.Native system adopts the slit of 30 μ m.
Described impedance matching circuit as shown in Figure 4, because the input impedance of the output impedance of CCD and CCD front-end chip is not mated, therefore need to utilize impedance matching circuit shown in Figure 4 to realize coupling, thereby obtain high output power signal, improves simultaneously signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).In figure, the value of resistance and electric capacity is respectively 8.2 ohm (1% precision), 4.7K (1% precision), and 0.01uF (5% precision), comprehensive impedance is 50 ohm, has realized the impedance matching with the CCD front-end chip.
Described a kind of micro fiber spectrometer based on Cortex-M3, utilize the Cortex-M3 rich in natural resources, integrated based on the wavelet transform noise reduction system in slave computer, it is characterized in that: when guaranteeing processing speed (1ms integral time), reduce as much as possible the noise of the generation of CCD and signal acquisition circuit, guaranteed the accuracy of signal.Noise reduction system based on wavelet transform mainly comprises four steps: 1. obtain the collection value of effective CCD pixel, at first obtain the average (P of the pixel of Dummy Pixels
a) and variance (σ
a), then obtain the collection value (x of CCD effective pixel points
i), last, effectively the collection value of the CCD pixel actual acquisition value that equals this pixel deducts the average of Dummy Pixels, i.e. P
i=X
i-P
a2. for the collection value of effective CCD pixel, carry out wavelet transform, obtain conversion coefficient; 3. according to average and the variance calculated threshold of Dummy Pixels, and upgrade the coefficient after wavelet transform according to this threshold value; 4. carry out the inverse transformation of wavelet transform, obtain the collection value of the effective CCD pixel after noise reduction.Fig. 5 is the figure before noise reduction, and Fig. 6 is the figure after noise reduction.
Described upper computer software adopts Visual C++2010 to write, the demonstration spectrum to be measured that this software can be real-time, and can carry out integral time, average time, the parameters such as boxcar.This software has also attached the testing button of transmissivity and absorbance simultaneously.Wherein Fig. 7 is the process flow diagram of software systems, and Fig. 8 is display interface;
Blazed grating G in the present invention is 600grv/mm, and blaze wavelength is 400nm, blazing angle 7.5 degree, and the direction of glittering is 14 degree.
System adopts the ILX554B ccd linear sensor of Sony production as imaging sensor, following characteristics is arranged: several 2048 of valid pixel; Pixel size 14um*56um; Single 5V power supply; Hypersensitivity; Built-in timing generating routine and clock driver; Built-in sampling hold circuit; Maximum clock frequency 2MHz.In system, 16 AD adopt chip AD9826 front-end processing chip to realize, AD9826 is the complete analogue signal processor of a applicable imaging applications, adopt the triple channel framework, be designed for the output of three line colored CCD arrays is sampled and nursed one's health, each passage forms by input clamp circuit, correlated-double-sampling device (CDS), skew DAC and programmable gain amplifier (PGA), and accesses 16 ADC of a high-performance by multiplex mode.Native system is owing to adopting the black and white line array CCD, therefore only used the passage of AD9826.
Described circuit theory diagrams such as Fig. 9-shown in Figure 12, wherein ccd data gathers the AD982616bit modulus conversion chip that ADC adopts AD company, and detailed circuit design is as shown in Figure 9; Consider in the process of data acquisition and noise reduction have a large amount of parameter presets to need storage, native system has increased a data buffer unit, and detailed circuit designs as shown in figure 10; High speed USB 2.0 data transmission adopt the CY7C68013A chip to realize, detailed circuit design as shown in figure 11; Cortex-M3 adopts the LPC1768 chip of NXP company to realize, the design dominant frequency is 120MHz, and detailed circuit design as shown in figure 12.
Claims (4)
1. micro fiber spectrometer based on Cortex-M3, it is characterized in that: the acquisition processing system and the upper computer software system that comprise optical imaging system, spectrum electric signal, described optical imaging system adopts folding asymmetric Cheney that-Tener structure of intersecting, and comprises entrance slit, collimation lens, plane diffraction grating, focusing mirror and line array CCD; Described spectrum electrical signal collection disposal system comprises impedance matching circuit, CCD front-end processing chip, Cortex-M3 processor and USB2.0 high-speed transfer chip; After described optical system forms incident light after slit linear light source light splitting, imaging is to line array CCD; The picture that described line array CCD will focus on the slit of different wave length on the CCD pixel is transformed into the electric signal changed with light intensity, delivers in the Cortex-M3 processor and carries out the data processing after described impedance matching circuit and CCD front-end processing chip; Described Cortex-M3 processor is responsible for producing the needed sequential of CCD work and is driven signal, and the needed steering logic of CCD front-end chip, and the spectroscopic data obtained is carried out after the data processing to by the USB2.0 chip, be sent to host computer and carry out late time data and process and show.
2. according to the described micro fiber spectrometer of right 1, it is characterized in that: described slit adopts plated film post-etching on quartz glass substrate to obtain, and described collimating mirror and focus lamp are the plano-concave catoptron, and surface is off axis paraboloid mirror.
3. according to the described micro fiber spectrometer of right 1, it is characterized in that: between described CCD and CCD front-end chip, impedance matching circuit is arranged, described Cortex-M3 integrated chip has noise reduction algorithm.
4. according to the described micro fiber spectrometer of right 1, it is characterized in that: described upper computer software adopts Visual Studio2010 to write, and can carry out real-time demonstration and the analysis of spectroscopic data.
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| CN103776785A (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2014-05-07 | 上海师范大学 | Optical system of integrated portable ultra-miniaturization spectrometer |
| CN104880433A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-09-02 | 河南理工大学 | High-resolution MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) micromirror infrared spectrometer based on off-axis parabolic reflector |
| CN107024735A (en) * | 2017-04-22 | 2017-08-08 | 温州大学 | A kind of many spectral coverage spectral transmissions devices |
| CN108760244A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-11-06 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high-resolution optical information networks device and method |
| CN109269640A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-25 | 长春长光格瑞光电技术有限公司 | The Method of Adjustment of micro fiber spectrometer |
| CN109932058A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-25 | 浙江大学 | A kind of micro spectrometer based on array spectral filter |
| CN110108357A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-09 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | The portable miniature continuous spectroscopic measurement instrument of broadband |
| CN110346310A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-10-18 | 昆山书豪仪器科技有限公司 | A kind of oil plant spectrometer and its spectroscopic acquisition circuit |
| CN113446931A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-28 | 西安交通大学 | Method for improving white light dispersion confocal three-dimensional measurement efficiency |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103776785A (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2014-05-07 | 上海师范大学 | Optical system of integrated portable ultra-miniaturization spectrometer |
| CN104880433A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-09-02 | 河南理工大学 | High-resolution MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) micromirror infrared spectrometer based on off-axis parabolic reflector |
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| CN107024735A (en) * | 2017-04-22 | 2017-08-08 | 温州大学 | A kind of many spectral coverage spectral transmissions devices |
| CN108760244A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-11-06 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high-resolution optical information networks device and method |
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| CN109269640A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-25 | 长春长光格瑞光电技术有限公司 | The Method of Adjustment of micro fiber spectrometer |
| CN109932058A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-25 | 浙江大学 | A kind of micro spectrometer based on array spectral filter |
| CN110108357A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-09 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | The portable miniature continuous spectroscopic measurement instrument of broadband |
| CN110346310A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-10-18 | 昆山书豪仪器科技有限公司 | A kind of oil plant spectrometer and its spectroscopic acquisition circuit |
| CN113446931A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-28 | 西安交通大学 | Method for improving white light dispersion confocal three-dimensional measurement efficiency |
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Application publication date: 20131127 |