CN103407921B - Hoisting mechanism of crane - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a crane hoisting mechanism, comprising: the device comprises a driving mechanism, a duplex winding drum, a steel wire rope device, a horizontal guide mechanism, a vertical guide mechanism, a balance mechanism and a lifting mechanism; the wire rope device comprises first to fourth wire ropes; the horizontal guide mechanism comprises at least four horizontal guide pulleys which are symmetrically arranged corresponding to the central line of the duplex winding drum; the vertical guide mechanism comprises 4 vertical guide pulleys; the balance mechanism comprises a large balance arm, and small balance arms and connecting rods which are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the large balance arm relative to the large balance arm; after each steel wire rope bypasses the corresponding horizontal guide pulley and the corresponding vertical guide pulley, the steel wire rope extends downwards and vertically and is fixed with the lifting mechanism, and when the stress of the steel wire rope is uneven in the winding process of the duplex winding drum, the balance mechanism swings until the stress of the steel wire rope is balanced, and the swing is stopped.

Description

A crane lifting mechanism

technical field

The invention relates to a crane, in particular to a hoisting mechanism of the crane.

Background technique

During the hoisting process of some cranes, it is required to ensure that the load must be lifted vertically during the entire hoisting process. The vast majority of cranes use suspension hooks as pick-up devices, and suspension hooks are currently using movable pulleys as labor-saving mechanisms. Especially for hanging loads with relatively large loads, the winding ratio of the wire rope is usually increased. But this means that the total number of segments of wire ropes passing around both sides of the pulley block increases, which leads to interference between the wire ropes. In order to ensure that the steel wire ropes do not interfere, a large pulley is provided to adjust the lowering angle of the steel wire rope, but it is difficult to ensure that the load can rise and fall vertically during the lifting process.

Contents of the invention

In the present invention, when the load is hoisted by the hoisting mechanism of the crane, the load can be kept vertically and stably lifted.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a hoisting mechanism of a crane comprising: a driving mechanism, a double drum, a wire rope device, two sets of symmetrically arranged horizontal guiding mechanisms, vertical guiding mechanisms, a balancing mechanism and a lifting mechanism; The drive mechanism is used to drive the two drums of the symmetrically arranged double drums to rotate synchronously, so as to drive the steel wire rope to wind on the double drum; the wire rope device includes the first to fourth steel wire ropes, each of the double drums 2 steel wire ropes are respectively wound on the reel; the horizontal guide mechanism includes at least four horizontal guide pulleys, which are symmetrically arranged corresponding to the center line of the double-linked reel; the vertical guide mechanism includes 4 vertical guide pulleys; the The balance mechanism includes a large balance arm, and small balance arms and connecting rods that are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the large balance arm relative to the large balance arm. Each small balance arm is hinged with two horizontal guide pulleys. Hinged with the small balance arm, the large balance arm is hinged on the base of the hoisting mechanism of the crane; where each wire rope goes around the corresponding horizontal guide pulley and vertical guide pulley, extends vertically downwards and is fixed with the lifting mechanism , when the force on the steel wire rope is uneven during the winding process of the double drum, the balance mechanism swings until the force on the steel wire rope is balanced and stops swinging.

In summary, the present invention guides the four steel wire ropes through the horizontal guide mechanism and the vertical guide mechanism, and adjusts the steel wire ropes with uneven stress through the balance mechanism, so that all the steel wire ropes automatically reach balance during the lifting process. In addition, the four steel wire ropes are wound at a single rate, and the steel wire ropes will not interfere with each other, thereby achieving labor-saving and stable lifting.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a top view of the crane hoisting mechanism of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a simplified top view of the lifting mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view along line A-A in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of direction B in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 5 is a simplified schematic diagram of direction B in Fig. 1 .

Figure 6 is a sectional view of line C-C in Figure 1

Fig. 7 is a top view of the spreader of the crane hoisting mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view along line B-B in Fig. 7 .

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a situation in which the steel wire rope has different tensions.

Detailed ways

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

The hoisting mechanism of the present invention adopts four steel wire ropes for single-rate winding to realize labor-saving and stable lifting, and its specific structure is as follows.

As shown in Figure 1, the crane lifting mechanism includes: a driving mechanism 1, a double drum 2, a wire rope device 3, two sets of symmetrically arranged horizontal guiding mechanisms 4, vertical guiding mechanisms 5, balancing mechanisms 6 and lifting mechanisms 7.

In this embodiment, two groups of driving mechanisms are included, each group of driving mechanisms 1 includes a motor 11, a brake 12 and a reducer 13, and the two groups of driving mechanisms 1 share a low-speed shaft coupling 14 and are connected by the low-speed shaft coupling 14 Left and right two reducers 13 output shafts.

The duplex reel 2 includes two symmetrical reels on the left and right, and each reel is provided with a set of motors 11 and reducers 13 and rotates synchronously.

Two sets of symmetrically arranged horizontal guide mechanisms 4 include eight horizontal guide pulleys, namely the first to eighth horizontal guide pulleys 41-48. The first, second, fifth and sixth horizontal guide pulleys and the third, fourth, seventh and eighth horizontal guide pulleys are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the hoisting mechanism of the crane. Therefore, the structures of the first, second, fifth and sixth horizontal guide pulleys will be described in detail below.

Referring to Fig. 1, 3, 4, the first and second horizontal guide pulleys 41, 42 are laid flat, and they are connected to the seat body 81 by a fixed seat 82, and the seat body 81 can be a trolley of a crane. The fifth and sixth horizontal guide pulleys 45,46 are placed vertically.

The vertical guide mechanism 5 includes four vertical guide pulleys, that is, first to fourth vertical guide pulleys 51-54. The vertical guide mechanism 5 is connected to the seat body 81 through the fixing seat 83, and as shown in FIG. In order to clearly show the vertical guide mechanism 5 , only one vertical guide mechanism 5 is schematically shown in FIG. 3 .

The balance mechanism 6 includes a small balance arm 61 , a connecting rod 62 and a large balance arm 63 . Two ends of the large balance arm 63 are provided with a set of small balance arms 61 and connecting rods 62 respectively. As shown in Figure 1, the small balance arm 61 and the connecting rod 62 at the left end of the large balance arm 63 are used to adjust the four horizontal guide pulleys on the left side, namely the first, second, fifth and sixth horizontal guide pulleys 41, 42, 45, 46 wire rope balance. The small balance arm 61 and the connecting rod 62 at the right end of the large balance arm 63 are used to adjust the four horizontal guide pulleys on the right, namely the third, fourth, seventh and eighth horizontal guide pulleys 43,44,47,47. The balance of the wire rope. The structures of the left and right groups of small balance arms 61 and connecting rods 62 are the same, and only the left side will be described below. The small balance arm 61 can be hinged between the fifth and sixth horizontal guide pulleys 45 , 46 . The large balance arm 63 is hinged to the small balance arm 61 through the connecting rod 62 . In this embodiment, each end of the large balance arm 63 is provided with a first rotating shaft 631 , and the first rotating shaft 631 passes through the hole on the connecting rod 62 and is hinged thereto. The large balance arm 63 is hinged to the base body 81 . In this embodiment, the middle part of the large balance arm 63 is provided with a second rotating shaft 632 , and the second rotating shaft 632 is fixed on the support 84 of the base body 81 so that the large balance arm 63 can pivot relative to the base body 81 . In this embodiment, when all the steel wire ropes are in a force-balanced state, the small balance arm 61 and the large balance arm 63 are approximately horizontal, and the connecting rod 62 is vertically connected between them.

Next, the winding method of the wire rope will be described.

Steel wire rope device 3 comprises four steel wire ropes altogether. As shown in Figure 2, the first and second wire ropes 31, 32 of the wire rope device 3 are wound on the left reel from outside to inside, and the third and fourth wire ropes of the wire rope device 3 are wound on the right reel from outside to inside. 33, 34. One end of the first steel wire rope 31 is wound on the drum on the left side, and the other end successively winds around the fifth and first horizontal guide pulleys 45, 41 along the direction of the arrow, as shown schematically in Figure 5, so that the first steel wire rope The direction of 31 is changed from longitudinal as shown in Figure 2 to transverse, and finally is drawn transversely onto the first vertical guide pulley 51, and walks around it, as shown schematically in Figure 3, so that the direction of the first steel wire rope 31 Change from the horizontal direction shown in Figure 3 to the vertical direction, and finally this end is fixed on the lifting mechanism 7 below.

The second, third and fourth steel wire ropes 32, 33, 34 are wound in a similar manner to the first steel wire rope 31, and they will be briefly described below.

One end of the second wire rope 32 is wound on the left drum, and the other end goes around the sixth horizontal guide pulley 46, the second horizontal guide pulley 42 and the second vertical guide pulley 52 successively along the direction of the arrow, and finally the end hangs vertically and is fixed. On the lifting mechanism 7 below. In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the first and fourth vertical guide pulleys 51, 54 are coaxially arranged, the lowering point A1 of the first steel wire rope 31 is on the right side of the first vertical guide pulley 51, and the second steel rope 32 Rope point A2 is on the right side of the second vertical guide pulley 52.

One end of the third wire rope 33 is wound on the right reel, and the other end goes around the eighth horizontal guide pulley 48, the third horizontal guide pulley 43, and the fourth vertical guide pulley 54 successively along the direction of the arrow, and finally the end hangs vertically Be fixed on the lifting mechanism 7 below.

One end of the fourth wire rope 34 is wound on the right reel, and the other end goes around the seventh horizontal guide pulley 47, the fourth horizontal guide pulley 44 and the third vertical guide pulley 53 successively along the direction of the arrow, and finally the end hangs vertically and is fixed On the lifting mechanism 7 below.

As shown in FIG. 7 , the lowering points A1 - A4 of the first steel wire rope 31 to the fourth steel wire rope 34 are respectively located in the first, third, second and fourth quadrants in the figure.

The lifting mechanism 7 includes a sling 71 and a fork 72 . As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 , the hanger 71 is a circular plate with a fixing hole 73 in the center, and the upper end of the hanging fork 72 passes through the fixing hole 73 and is fixed by a nut 74 . The bearing 75 is located between the nut 74 and the hanger 71 , and its inner ring is fixed to the hanger 71 , and its outer ring is fixed to the nut 74 , so that the hanger 72 can rotate on the hanger 71 . The load is secured to the lower end of the fork 72 by a pin (not shown).

The weight of the load is borne by 4 steel wire ropes. Due to various manufacturing and installation errors, the force on the 4 steel wire ropes may be different, which will cause a certain horizontal skew of the spreader 71 and affect the lifting of the load. The balancing mechanism 6 of the present invention can solve this problem.

As shown in Figure 9, it shows the situation that the first and second wire ropes 31, 32 have different degrees of tightness, wherein, the outlet part of the first wire rope 31 is longer than the second wire rope 32, and the small balance arm 61 is changed from the initial horizontal position. A swing occurs, and the position shown in FIG. 9 is assumed. Because the length that the first wire rope 31 reaches the fifth horizontal guide pulley 45 from the reel 2 is greater than the length that the second wire rope 32 reaches the sixth horizontal guide pulley 46 from the reel 2, the stress of the first wire rope 31 is larger, and the second The steel wire rope 32 is less stressed, so the pressure of the first steel wire rope 31 on the reel 2 is large, and the friction force between the reel 2 is large. Sliding will occur, that is, the winding that is completely close to the reel 2 has a large amount of winding; on the contrary, because the friction between the second steel wire rope 32 and the reel 2 is small, it is not close to the reel. Tube 2 has a small amount of winding. With the winding methods of the first and second wire ropes 31, 32, the lengths of the outlet parts of the first and second wire ropes 31, 32 will eventually reach the same length, and at the same time, the small balance arm 61 will swing from the previous inclined position to the initial level position, the stresses of the first and second wire ropes 31, 32 are balanced.

Similarly, when the forces on the left and right groups of steel wires are different, through the swing of the large balance arm 63 relative to the connecting rod 62, the force on the reel 2 on both sides is adjusted, and finally the four steel wires are under the same force to achieve balance. .

In summary, the present invention guides the four steel wire ropes through the horizontal guide mechanism and the vertical guide mechanism, and adjusts the steel wire ropes with uneven stress through the balance mechanism, so that all the steel wire ropes automatically reach balance during the lifting process. In addition, the four steel wire ropes are wound at a single rate, and the steel wire ropes will not interfere with each other, thereby achieving labor-saving and stable lifting.

It should be noted that the present invention is described with the horizontal guide mechanism including eight horizontal guide pulleys as an example. In fact, the first to fourth horizontal guide pulleys 41-44 can be omitted, that is, for example, the first steel wire rope passes through the fifth horizontal guide pulley. Behind the pulley 45, directly pull on the first vertical guide pulley 51. Of course, the number of horizontal guide pulleys can be increased according to the situation.

In addition, it should be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable way if there is no contradiction. The combination method will not be described separately.

In addition, various combinations of different embodiments of the present invention can also be combined arbitrarily, as long as they do not violate the idea of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the disclosed content of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a crane hoisting mechanism comprises: driver train, a double crosslinking drum, wire rope device, vertically-guided mechanism, an equalizing gear and a lifting mechanism; This driver train for driving two reel synchronous rotaries of symmetrically arranged double crosslinking drum, thus drives steel rope to reel on this double crosslinking drum; Wire rope device comprises first to fourth steel rope, and each reel of double crosslinking drum reels respectively 2 steel ropes; It is characterized in that:

This crane hoisting mechanism also comprises two groups of symmetrically arranged horizontally-guided mechanisms, and this horizontally-guided mechanism comprises at least four horizontally-guided pulleys altogether, and its line of centers corresponding to this double crosslinking drum is symmetrical arranged; This vertically-guided mechanism comprises 4 vertically-guided pulleys altogether; This equalizing gear comprises a large equilibrium arm, and little equilibrium arm and the connecting rod at large equilibrium arm two ends is symmetricly set on relative to this large equilibrium arm, each little equilibrium arm and two horizontally-guided pulleys hinged, this large equilibrium arm by connecting rod and little equilibrium arm hinged, this large equilibrium arm is articulated with on the pedestal of this crane hoisting mechanism; Wherein, after each steel rope walks around corresponding horizontally-guided pulley and vertically-guided pulley, extend downward vertically and fix with this lifting mechanism, when there is steel rope discontinuity in this double crosslinking drum winding process, this equalizing gear swings, until steel rope stress balance, stops swinging.

2. crane hoisting mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein, one group in this Liang Zu horizontally-guided mechanism comprises first, second, 5th, 6th horizontally-guided pulley, another group in this Liang Zu horizontally-guided mechanism comprises the 3rd, 4th, 7th, 8th horizontally-guided pulley, this Liang Zu horizontally-guided mechanism is symmetrical arranged relative to the line of centers of this double crosslinking drum, this is first years old, second, 3rd, 4th horizontally-guided pulley is the placement that lies low, it is connected on this pedestal, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th horizontally-guided pulley is vertically place, and be articulated with the two ends of little equilibrium arm.

3. crane hoisting mechanism as claimed in claim 2, wherein, this vertically-guided mechanism comprises first to fourth vertically-guided pulley, this vertically-guided mechanism is connected to this pedestal, this vertically-guided mechanism is between symmetrical horizontally-guided mechanism, and the top being positioned at this lifting mechanism aligned.

4. crane hoisting mechanism as claimed in claim 3, wherein, the one ends wound of this first steel rope is wherein on a reel, the other end successively walks around the 5th horizontally-guided pulley, the first horizontally-guided pulley and the first vertically-guided pulley, and finally this end is vertically sagging is fixed on this lifting mechanism; The one ends wound of this second steel rope is wherein on a reel, and the other end successively walks around the 6th horizontally-guided pulley, the second horizontally-guided pulley and the second vertically-guided pulley, and finally this end is vertically sagging is fixed on this lifting mechanism; The one ends wound of the 3rd steel rope is on another reel, and the other end successively walks around the 3rd horizontally-guided pulley, the 8th horizontally-guided pulley and the 4th vertically-guided pulley, and finally this end is vertically sagging is fixed on this lifting mechanism; The one ends wound of the 4th steel rope is on another reel, and the other end successively walks around the 7th horizontally-guided pulley, the 4th horizontally-guided pulley and the 3rd vertically-guided pulley, and finally this end is vertically sagging is fixed on this lifting mechanism.

5. crane hoisting mechanism as claimed in claim 4, wherein, when all steel ropes are in stress balance state, this little equilibrium arm and large equilibrium arm are in level, and this connecting rod is vertically connected between this little equilibrium arm and large equilibrium arm.

6. crane hoisting mechanism as claimed in claim 4, wherein, this lifting mechanism comprises suspender and hangs fork, the center of this suspender has fixed orifice, and this hangs the upper end of fork through fixed orifice, and is fixed by nut, one bearing is between nut and suspender, and the inner ring of this bearing is fixed on this suspender, this nut is fixed in outer ring, and making this hang fork can rotate on this suspender.