CN103406724A - Technological method for enhancing bearing capacity of pressure-resistant structure - Google Patents
Technological method for enhancing bearing capacity of pressure-resistant structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN103406724A CN103406724A CN2013103246297A CN201310324629A CN103406724A CN 103406724 A CN103406724 A CN 103406724A CN 2013103246297 A CN2013103246297 A CN 2013103246297A CN 201310324629 A CN201310324629 A CN 201310324629A CN 103406724 A CN103406724 A CN 103406724A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of maritime work and oil production equipment, in particular to a technological method for enhancing bearing capacity of a pressure-resistant structure. The technical scheme comprises the steps as follows: a spherical shell is prepared; drill holes are connected, and a strain gauge is glued, so that the spherical shell is connected with a booster pump and a data collection system; pressurization is performed step by step, pressure maintaining is performed; the strain change rate of each observing point is smaller than 0.01s<-1> after each observing point is in a full-plastic state, and the spherical shell automatically performs sphere hastening; pressurization is continuously performed step by step until strain of each point reaches above 0.02, then the pressurization is stopped, and the pressure maintaining is performed; and orientational and uniformly-distributed residual stress is formed after the unloading treatment is performed step by step. According to the technological method for enhancing the bearing capacity of the pressure-resistant structure, the bearing capacity is further improved, the influence of various initial defects is reduced, and then the technological difficulty is reduced; and the bearing limit is improved through stress treatment, so that the bearing capacity can be improved on the premise that the structure weight is not increased, the buoyancy reservation of a marine structure can be greatly increased, and the method has the outstanding significance to a deep submersible vehicle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of extra large work and oil production equipment technical field, particularly a kind of process that strengthens the pressure-resistance structure bearing capacity.
Background technology
Spherical shell structure is optimal pressure-resistance structure form at present.For under water or underground immense pressure, spherical shell structure is that failure mode is minimum, can active balance Strength and stability Problem of Failure, and then obtain the version of maximum ultimate bearing capacity.Therefore, spherical shell is the important feature form of extra large work and oil production equipment.
In current withstand voltage spherical shell manufacturing process, generally by modes such as casting, welding or machinings, be shaped.And the residual stress that process is introduced discharges by modes such as vibration, ultrasonic or heat treatments.Although reduced the impact of primary stress on withstand voltage spherical shell ultimate bearing capacity, but still existing problems:
One, in forming process, the out-of-roundness of how much initial imperfections, especially spherical shells is introduced in meeting, has destroyed the spherical structure self stability, has reduced withstand voltage spherical shell ultimate bearing capacity.
Its two, in forming process, can introduce non-uniform residual stress, destroyed equally the spherical structure self stability, reduced withstand voltage spherical shell ultimate bearing capacity.
Its three, along with the increase of the depth of water, withstand voltage shell thickness diameter need constantly increase than (radius-thickness ratio), causes conducting oneself with dignity constantly increasing, buoyancy reserve reduces gradually.Therefore for certain material when its buoyancy reserve reduces to 0, namely lose the practical significance of doing pressure-resistance structure.With regard to engineering material, titanium alloy is the metal of current yield tensile ratio optimum.Therefore, current technique can't be from the ultimate bearing capacity of version and the withstand voltage spherical shell of material properties enhancing.
The pressure vessel field close with withstand voltage spherical shell, self-reinforcing can be by applying prestressing force, make it the stress caused with working inner pressure stack, the inboard wall stress that stress is larger is reduced, the outer wall stress that stress is less increases to some extent, thereby make stress in chamber wall be tending towards evenly, can improving thus the bearing capacity of pressure vessel.But the self-reinforcing technology has the restricted of himself and can not be applied in withstand voltage spherical shell structure, is summarized as follows:
One, self-reinforcing know-why are exactly to make the part wall thickness enter the plastic stage by certain internal pressure, and other parts keep elastic stage, after unloading, form the stress distribution of the outer tension of internal layer pressurized.After the stress distribution stack that the stress distribution that this technology produces and withstand voltage spherical shell operating pressure cause, not only can not cancel out each other, increase in the same way on the contrary, reduce the ultimate bearing capacity of structure.
Its two, self-reinforcing technology application is thick-walled structure, and its thickness diameter is greater than 1/10 than generally, has far exceeded this parameter (1/50 ~ 1/20) of withstand voltage spherical shell.
Its three, self-reinforcing technology application is mainly the post shell structure, as gun barrel, petroleum casing pipe and cylindrical pressure vessel etc., its technique object is the single curvature structures of simple shape, and withstand voltage spherical shell is three-dimensional hyperbolicity structure.
Its four, the self-reinforcing technology is applied to bear the structure of interior pressure, all bears inner pressuring load as gun barrel, petroleum casing pipe and pressure vessel.Patent CN 101655829 A have proposed " a kind of external pressure self-intensification cylinder and designing and calculating thereof and manufacture method ", although its application is external pressure vessel, its pretightning force apply outer pressure too.External pressure is compressed inside configuration, and before entering plastic deformation, the impact that can be subject to flexing destroys structural instability.
For these reasons, the thought of pretightning force is applied to withstand voltage spherical shell structure, simultaneously by by development of deformation to the ball principle that becomes under pressure effect in overall plastic sexual state utilization, eliminate non-homogeneous residual stress distribution and how much out-of-roundness defects, and then to promote its ultimate bearing capacity be exactly motive power of the present invention.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly in view of the foregoing defects the prior art has, and a kind of process that strengthens the pressure-resistance structure bearing capacity is provided.
Its technical scheme is to comprise the following steps realization:
Step 1: sheet material is prepared, and then by welding or mechanical processing technique, manufactures withstand voltage spherical shell;
Step 2: open two screwed holes on the spherical shell symmetric position, and install the duplex fitting of high pressure screw thread and the duplex fitting of lower high pressure screw thread;
Step 3: the centre of sphere of take is the center of circle, and in the line of spherical shell outer surface, the circle formed is perpendicular to the screwed hole axis; In line place, paste 4 ~ 8 groups of foil gauges and it is evenly distributed on circumference, every group of foil gauge is comprised of perpendicular to two tangential foil gauges tangential reaching respectively, after the foil gauge wiring, be connected with data collecting system by data connecting line, it act as determines spherical shell surface elastic-plastic behavior of living in;
Step 4: by high-voltage tube, the duplex fitting of upper high pressure screw thread is connected with compression pump, the starting pressure pump is filled with liquid medium to withstand voltage spherical shell inside, after filling with liquid, stops compression pump work, and the high pressure nipple is connect to the Pressure gauge sealing;
Step 5: continue the starting pressure pump and pressurize step by step to withstand voltage spherical shell inside, pressure process is wanted slowly, after every grade of pressurization, to carry out suitable pressurize, and the dwell time is no less than 5 minutes; After showing that by data collecting system each observation station enters plasticity, continue the ball that pressurizes until spherical shell becomes automatically, stop pressurization and enter pressurize, the dwell time is 10-30 minute, discharges the non-uniform residual stress of introducing in ball process processed; After in the present invention, pressurize referred to and stops pressurization, Pressure gauge showed unchanged within a certain period of time;
Step 6: continue the starting pressure pump and pressurize step by step, every grade of pressurization amplitude is less than the preorder step, makes spherical shell integral body enter follow-up yield deformation, until the strain of each observation station reaches more than 0.02, stops pressurizeing and carries out pressurize, and the dwell time is 5-30 minute;
Step 7: unloading, until the structure inside and outside air pressure balance forms the directional stress state that external pressure is inwardly drawn in circumferentially even footpath;
Step 8: show directional stress numerical value by data collecting system, as the calibration value of packing pressure test;
Step 9: remove all foil gauges;
Step 10: open the duplex fitting of high pressure screw thread and the duplex fitting of lower high pressure screw thread, discharge the spherical shell internal liquid.
Preferably, in above-mentioned step 5, after showing that by data collecting system each observation station enters plasticity, continue pressurization until spherical shell each point strain rate maximum difference is less than 0.01 s
-1, the spherical shell ball that automatically becomes.
Preferably, in above-mentioned step 6, the strain of spherical shell each point reaches 0.02 ~ 0.3.
Preferably, the thickness requirement of above-mentioned spherical shell sheet material is that radius-thickness ratio is greater than more than 1/50.
The material of above-mentioned spherical shell adopts aluminium alloy, stainless steel, high-strength steel or titanium alloy.
Preferably, the optional water of liquid medium, emulsion or withstand voltage oil in above-mentioned step 4.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, make withstand voltage spherical shell enter overall plastic property by interior pressure, the directional stress formed after unloading.After directional stress and working stress stack, make wall thickness direction stress distribution even, improve the spherical shell ultimate bearing capacity;
Its two, directional stress makes withstand voltage spherical shell inner surface tension, outer surface pressurized.The outer surface pressured state can effectively suppress corrosion and Crack Extension, makes utmost carrying ability improve 5%-15%.
Its three, under interior pressure effect, it is round that spherical shell becomes automatically, improved the geometric accuracy of spheroid, eliminated initial geometrical defect, makes utmost carrying ability improve 5%-30%;
Its four, after spherical shell entered overall plastic property, the residual stress of introducing in ball process processed can be discharged fully, has eliminated initial stress defect, the spherical shell utmost carrying ability further improves;
Its five, because the present invention processes and reaches the purpose that improves utmost carrying ability by stress, therefore can under the prerequisite that does not increase construction weight, improve its bearing capacity, for relating to extra large structure, can greatly improve its buoyancy reserve, particularly outstanding to deep sea diving device meaning;
Its six, therefore the present invention has autonomous repair technology to initial imperfection, after adopting this technology, lower to the requirement on machining accuracy of the operation of ball processed, greatly reduces the technology difficulty of ball processed;
Its seven, by the real-time monitor procedure of data collecting system, can realize that the accurate quantitative analysis of directional stress is controlled;
Its eight, by interior swaging, become directional stress, only need to spherical shell inner filling liquid medium, get final product by compression pump, frock is simple; Technical process is convenient to implement, and be not subjected to place, equipment tonnage and environmental limit, so cost is extremely low;
Its nine, the present invention processes withstand voltage spherical shell on the basis of common process, can directly to the existing equipment come into operation, transform, and improves its serviceability.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is basic principle figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is system flow schematic diagram of the present invention;
In upper figure: a is that untreated withstand voltage spherical shell is subjected to the thick direction stress distribution of outer compressive load rear wall, and when b was subjected to load for the process processing, directional stress did not distribute, and c is subjected to the thick direction stress distribution of outer compressive load rear wall for the withstand voltage spherical shell after this PROCESS FOR TREATMENT;
Withstand voltage spherical shell 1, upper high pressure screw thread duplex fitting 2, lower high pressure screw thread duplex fitting 3, foil gauge 4, data connecting line 5, data collecting system 6, high-voltage tube 7, compression pump 8, Pressure gauge 9.
The specific embodiment
By reference to the accompanying drawings 2, the invention will be further described:
Step 1: sheet material is prepared, and then by common process such as welding or machinings, manufactures withstand voltage spherical shell 1, and above-mentioned same as the prior art, this does not repeat;
Step 2: open the screwed hole of 2 millimeters of two diameters on spherical shell 1 symmetric position, and install high pressure screw thread duplex fitting 2, lower high pressure screw thread duplex fitting 3;
Step 3: the centre of sphere of take is the center of circle, and in the line of spherical shell outer surface, the circle formed is perpendicular to the screwed hole axis.In line place, paste 4 ~ 8 groups of foil gauges 4 and it is evenly distributed on circumference, every group of foil gauge is comprised of perpendicular to two tangential foil gauges tangential reaching respectively.After the foil gauge wiring, be connected with data collecting system 6 by data connecting line 5, it act as determines the surperficial elastic-plastic behavior of living in of spherical shell 1.Above-mentioned foil gauge subsides method and mode of connection are same as the prior art, repeat no more;
Step 4: by high-voltage tube 7, high pressure nipple 2 is connected with compression pump 8, starting pressure pump 8 is filled with liquid medium to withstand voltage spherical shell 1 inside, generally selects water to get final product.After filling with water, stop compression pump 8 work, and high pressure nipple 3 is connect to Pressure gauge 9 sealings;
Step 5: continue starting pressure pump 8 and pressurize step by step to withstand voltage spherical shell 1 inside, pressure process is wanted slowly, after every grade of pressurization, to carry out suitable pressurize, and the dwell time is no less than 5 minutes.After by data collecting system 6, showing that each observation station enters plasticity, continue pressurization until each observation station strain rate maximum difference is less than 0.01s
-1, spherical shell 1 ball that automatically becomes, stop pressurization and enter pressurize, and the dwell time is 10-30 minute, discharges the non-uniform residual stress of introducing in ball process processed.After in the present invention, pressurize referred to and stops pressurization, Pressure gauge 9 showed unchanged within a certain period of time;
Step 6: continue starting pressure pump 8 pressurization step by step, every grade of pressurization amplitude is less than the preorder step, makes spherical shell 1 integral body enter follow-up yield deformation, until the strain of each observation station reaches more than 0.02, stops pressurizeing and carries out pressurize, and the dwell time is 5-30 minute.Final strain can and be chosen in 0.02 ~ 0.3 in conjunction with actual demand according to the related data such as material behavior and spherical shell size;
Step 7: unloading, until the structure inside and outside air pressure balance forms the directional stress state that external pressure is inwardly drawn in circumferentially even footpath;
Step 8: show directional stress numerical value by data collecting system 6, as the calibration value of packing pressure test;
Step 9: remove all foil gauges;
Step 10: open high pressure screw thread duplex fitting 2 and lower high pressure screw thread duplex fitting 3, discharge 1 liquid in spherical shell;
Sheet metal thickness of the present invention need guarantee that the spherical shell radius-thickness ratio is greater than more than 1/50.
The spherical shell material is aluminium alloy, stainless steel, high-strength steel or titanium alloy.
Liquid medium is water, emulsion or withstand voltage oil.
The present invention makes withstand voltage spherical shell enter overall plastic property by interior pressure, the directional stress formed after unloading.After directional stress and working stress stack, make wall thickness direction stress distribution even, improve the spherical shell ultimate bearing capacity, its operation principle as shown in Figure 1; A is that untreated withstand voltage spherical shell is subjected to the thick direction stress distribution of outer compressive load rear wall, and when b was subjected to load for the process processing, directional stress did not distribute, and c is subjected to the thick direction stress distribution of outer compressive load rear wall for the withstand voltage spherical shell after this PROCESS FOR TREATMENT.
Claims (6)
1. process that strengthens the pressure-resistance structure bearing capacity is characterized in that comprising the following steps realization:
Step 1: sheet material is prepared, and then by welding or mechanical processing technique, manufactures withstand voltage spherical shell (1);
Step 2: open two screwed holes on spherical shell (1) symmetric position, and install high pressure screw thread duplex fitting (2) and lower high pressure screw thread duplex fitting (3);
Step 3: the centre of sphere of take is the center of circle, and in the line of spherical shell outer surface, the circle formed is perpendicular to the screwed hole axis; In line place, paste 4 ~ 8 groups of foil gauges (4) and it is evenly distributed on circumference, every group of foil gauge is comprised of perpendicular to two tangential foil gauges tangential reaching respectively, after the foil gauge wiring, be connected with data collecting system (6) by data connecting line (5), it act as the surperficial elastic-plastic behavior of living in of definite spherical shell (1);
Step 4: upper high pressure screw thread duplex fitting (2) is connected with compression pump (8) by high-voltage tube (7), starting pressure pump (8) is filled with liquid medium to withstand voltage spherical shell (1) inside, after filling with liquid, stop compression pump (8) work, and high pressure nipple (3) is connect to Pressure gauge (9) sealing;
Step 5: continue starting pressure pump (8) and pressurize step by step to withstand voltage spherical shell (1) inside, pressure process is wanted slowly, after every grade of pressurization, to carry out suitable pressurize, and the dwell time is no less than 5 minutes; After by data collecting system (6), showing that each observation station enters plasticity, continue the ball that pressurizes until spherical shell (1) becomes automatically, stop pressurization and enter pressurize, the dwell time is 10-30 minute, discharges the non-uniform residual stress of introducing in ball process processed; After in the present invention, pressurize referred to and stops pressurization, Pressure gauge (9) showed unchanged within a certain period of time;
Step 6: continue starting pressure pump (8) and pressurize step by step, every grade of pressurization amplitude is less than the preorder step, makes spherical shell (1) integral body enter follow-up yield deformation, until the strain of each observation station reaches more than 0.02, stop pressurizeing and carry out pressurize, the dwell time is 5-30 minute;
Step 7: unloading, until the structure inside and outside air pressure balance forms the directional stress state that external pressure is inwardly drawn in circumferentially even footpath;
Step 8: show directional stress numerical value by data collecting system (6), as the calibration value of packing pressure test;
Step 9: remove all foil gauges;
Step 10: open high pressure screw thread duplex fitting (2) and lower high pressure screw thread duplex fitting (3), discharge spherical shell (1) internal liquid.
2. the process of enhancing pressure-resistance structure bearing capacity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 5, after by data collecting system (6), showing that each observation station enters plasticity, continue pressurization until spherical shell (1) each point strain rate maximum difference is less than 0.01 s
-1, spherical shell (1) ball that automatically becomes.
3. the process of enhancing pressure-resistance structure bearing capacity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 6, spherical shell (1) each point strain reaches 0.02 ~ 0.3.
4. the process of enhancing pressure-resistance structure bearing capacity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the thickness requirement of described spherical shell (1) sheet material is that radius-thickness ratio is greater than more than 1/50.
5. the process of enhancing pressure-resistance structure bearing capacity according to claim 1, is characterized in that: material employing aluminium alloy, stainless steel, high-strength steel or the titanium alloy of described spherical shell (1).
6. the process of enhancing pressure-resistance structure bearing capacity according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the optional water of liquid medium, emulsion or withstand voltage oil in described step 4.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104259693A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2015-01-07 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 | Assembly tool of pressure resistant structure of deep sea spherical shell and forming method thereof |
| CN107615014A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2018-01-19 | 冈本硝子株式会社 | Pressure-resistant glass marble |
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| CN102410023A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-04-11 | 中南大学 | Deep-ocean inflatable floating ball |
| CN102962308A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-03-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Special internal high pressure shaping method for thin-wall welded shell |
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| US3283348A (en) * | 1964-03-26 | 1966-11-08 | Sanders Associates Inc | High strength prestressed spherical sonobuoy |
| GB1173501A (en) * | 1966-01-24 | 1969-12-10 | Uniroyal Inc | Hollow Spherical Bodies. |
| CN101172518A (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2008-05-07 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Overpressure resistant buoyant device in deep water |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104259693A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2015-01-07 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 | Assembly tool of pressure resistant structure of deep sea spherical shell and forming method thereof |
| CN104259693B (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-02-03 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 | The assembly tooling of deep-sea spherical shell pressure-resistance structure and forming method |
| CN107615014A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2018-01-19 | 冈本硝子株式会社 | Pressure-resistant glass marble |
| CN107615014B (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2020-09-11 | 冈本硝子株式会社 | Pressure-resistant glass ball |
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Effective date of registration: 20170706 Address after: 266109 Shandong Province, Qingdao city Chengyang District Street projects Li Xian Zhuang community 970. Patentee after: Qingdao crown Equipment Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 264209 Weihai Cultural Road West, Shandong, No. 2 Patentee before: Chu Guannan |
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