CN103406666B - The IC10 alloy in laser controlling dendritic growth direction connects and restorative procedure - Google Patents
The IC10 alloy in laser controlling dendritic growth direction connects and restorative procedure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The IC10 alloy in laser controlling dendritic growth direction connects and restorative procedure, belongs to Materialbearbeitung mit Laserlicht field.First, in welding process, welding direction needs and IC10 directional solidificating alloy dendritic growth direction keeping parallelism.Secondly laser weld parameters scope is, laser power density 1.41x10
6-3.01x10
6w/cm
2, defocusing amount is 0, and sweep speed is 0.5 2.5m/min, IC10 alloy thickness of slab 0.5 1.7mm.Welding process uses Ar gas as protective gas, gas flow be 10 30L/min, protective gas is contrary with welding direction to the input direction of weld zone, namely faces laser scanning direction.Adopt laser instrument to IC10 alloy commissure or need repair place to scan, under the effect of laser, there is fusing form liquid state molten pool in IC10 alloyed components corresponding site, liquid metal subsequently due to laser leave scanning position after the reduction of temperature again solidify formation weld seam.This method stability is high, and technique is simple, and deflection is little, has actual engineering significance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fusion welding repair method for the laser controlling dendritic growth direction of connection and inoperative component between high-temperature structural material IC10 alloyed components, belong to Materialbearbeitung mit Laserlicht field.
Background technology
Directional solidificating alloy is owing to eliminate or reducing the transverse grain boundaries vertical with principal axes of stress direction, significantly improve high-temerature creep and the enduring quality of material, the service life of the critical component such as aero-engine, gas-turbine blade can be extended, and compared with monocrystal nickel-base high-temperature alloy, directional solidification nickel-base high-temperature alloy is cheap, because of but the preferred material of the high-temperature components such as aero-engine.For directional solidification Rene80 alloy material, its tensile property and creep life and the score of conventional cast Rene80 alloy phase do not improve 10-15% and 1-3 doubly.
IC10 alloy is the novel directional solidification high temperature alloy that Beijing Research Inst. of Aeronautic Material of China develops voluntarily, elevated temperature strength reaches external generation directionally solidified alloy level, there is good anti-oxidant, decay resistance simultaneously, high temperature undertissue stablizes, not containing Ti in alloy, containing the Hf of 1.5%, casting character is good, can carry out the global orientation solidification forming of large listrium, thin-walled (0.6mm), complicated inner cavity structure blade.Be generally used for gas turbine guide vane and other hot parts of making less than 1100 DEG C work.Adopt IC10 material to make in the process of gas turbine guide vane or other high-temperature components, usually there is self connection of material and the connectivity problem with other high temperature alloys.And these high temperature parts lost efficacy in the work environment and need to carry out the situation of repairing, melting welding connection and the restorative procedure of exploring IC10 material had potential real value.
Due to the promotion of application, people constantly explore connection and the reparation problem that various method realizes IC10 material.The crack problem that the melting welding of IC10 alloy material connects has become " bottleneck " that limit this material expansion application.Crack problem is determined by the metallurgy characteristic of IC10 material self.Due to directional solidification Ni
3the shared mutually percentage by volume of w (Al, Ti)>=6% in Al base IC series alloy, main hardening constituent γ ' is about 65% ~ 75%.From material composition and phase composition aspect, this material can not weld scope.
The people such as Canada scholar O.A.Ojo find after carrying out laser weld to directional solidificating alloy IC6, and the fusion area of weld seam exists a large amount of crackles, by having there is many micro-cracks through the heat affected area of fusion area.Crack is, laser weld cooling velocity is very fast, the Al element that dendrite does precipitation reduces, Al enrichment of element in liquid phase, at the end of causing solidifying, temperature is reduced to ternary eutectic temperature, define subcontinuous interdendritic γ-γ '-NiMo (Y) ternary eutectic tissue, this low melting eutectics weld seam solidify be close at the end of under the effect of stress that causes of expanding with heat and contract with cold, define solidification cracking.The reason that beat-affected zone crack is formed is that the low melting eutectics of grain boundaries near heat affected area, under sweating heat effect, remelting occurs, and is then torn to cause under the effect of welding stress.The rich Mo carbide of heat affected area intergranular and boride are the main components of liquid film.
The people such as Northwestern Polytechnical University Luo Xiaona find in the research adopting electron beam welding IC10 alloy, the linear transversal crack of some macroscopic is there is near axis of a weld and heat affected area, and analysis and summary has been done to the Crack cause of crackle: section of weld joint presents nail shape pattern, and border, fusion area exists larger thermograde in the depth direction.And at the ailhead neck of shape sudden change and nail tip position, thermograde performance is the most serious, create the large and tension that continues of numerical value, for the formation of heat affected area Edge crystal crack and expansion provide condition, become the weak link of welding point.During electron beam welding, electron beam also can produce strong thermal shock effect to workpiece in addition, and the expansion that this thermal shock effect could accelerate and worsen micro-crack even causes the generation of macroscopic cracking.
The people such as Mao Wei, Li Xiaohong adopt cobalt-based solder and Rene'95 superalloy powder to carry out the research of vacuum brazing and wide-gap brazing to IC10 and GH3039 high temperature alloy.Research finds, brazing IC10 and GH3039 high temperature alloy under 1180 DEG C/30min specification, compact and complete vacuum brazed joint and wide-gap brazing joint can be obtained, the tensile property of this joint at 900 DEG C and enduring quality are all more than GH3039 mother metal level, when stretching and duration running, fracture all occurs on GH3039 mother metal, thus has higher performance.
The people such as Hou Jinbao adopt the KNi-3 intermediate layer of autonomous Design to carry out TLP diffusion welding (DW) to IC10, and through 1240 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, after insulation 10h, joint creep rupture strength reaches more than 80% of matrix strength.After high temperature uses for a long time, joint microstructure is same with matrix phase through long-time diffusion, and room temperature lower contact intensity exceedes matrix yielding intensity, close with matrix tensile strength; High temperature lower contact tensile strength and matrix phase are together.
Although above-mentioned soldering or TLP diffusion welding method are the feasible methods solving IC10 material connectivity problem, but also there is dissimilar welded joint and tensile strength and the problem such as timber does not mate, inquire into novel homogeneity, the Task of welding point that mates with mother metal is very urgent.
Laser weld is the material joining methods of a kind of advanced person, compared with traditional welding method, there is many advantages: as laser energy density is high, weld heating, cooling velocity are fast, heat input is little, the heat affected area of welding point is narrow, welding deformation is little, and laser beam welding is easy to realize automatic control, stability and reliability standard high, flexibility (adaptability) of operation is strong, and thus laser weld has obvious advantage.
The IC10 alloy in laser controlling dendritic growth direction connects and restorative procedure, utilize the feature that in laser beam welding, heat input can control exactly, the feature controlling the columnar dendrite direction of growth and pattern with the impact of base plate dendritic orientation on dendritic growth direction in unidirectional solidification material process combines, by controlling the thermograde of welding pool freezing interface and setting rate thus controlling the direction of growth and the pattern of dendrite in welding pool, thus suppressing the method for weld crack, this method is that the melting welding connection of directional solidification casting alloy provides possibility.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fusion welding method being applicable to the laser controlling dendritic growth direction that connection and inoperative component are repaired between IC10 alloyed components.This method utilizes the feature that in laser beam welding, heat input can control, the feature controlling column dendritic growth direction and pattern in weld seam with the impact of base plate dendritic orientation on dendritic growth direction in unidirectional solidification material process combines, by controlling the thermograde of welding pool freezing interface and setting rate thus controlling the direction of growth and the pattern of dendrite in welding pool, thus suppress the method for weld crack, provide possibility for the melting welding realizing directional solidification casting alloy connects.
Technical scheme of the present invention, see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, adopts CO
2laser instrument, as welding heat source, also can adopt the relatively short lamp pumping solid state laser of wavelength or semiconductor laser to be thermal source.First keep laser weld scanning direction parallel with IC10 directional solidificating alloy dendritic growth direction in welding process, as shown in Figure 1.Secondly laser weld parameters scope is: laser power density 1.41x10
6-3.01x10
6w/cm
2between, sweep speed is between 0.5-2.5m/min, and defocusing amount is 0, IC10 alloy thickness of slab 0.5-1.7mm.Use Ar gas as protective gas in experimentation, the shield gas flow rate being transported to Reciprocity of Laser & Materials district is 10-30L/min, and in welding process, protective gas is side direction conveying, and input direction is contrary with welding direction, namely just to laser scanning direction.Adopt laser instrument to IC10 alloy place to be welded or need repair place to scan, fusing is there is and forms liquid state molten pool in corresponding site under the effect of laser, liquid metal subsequently due to laser leave scanning position after the reduction of temperature again solidify formation weld seam, define intermetallic combination between position to be welded, welding process schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2.
Can see, it is narrower that IC10 Alloy by Laser welds flawless parameter window, in such parameter window, material is welded, be aided with the condition that welding direction is parallel with IC10 directional solidificating alloy dendritic growth direction, just can to ensure in laser beam welding that within the specific limits, therefore the microstructure of weld seam is mainly the column crystal grown along various direction for molten bath liquid-solid boundary place's thermograde and setting rate.When above-mentioned Laser Welding Condition is different, molten bath liquid-solid boundary place thermograde and setting rate also change, the condition of liquid metal solidification changes, the pattern of the yardstick of a dendrite, the direction of growth and γ ' phase all there occurs change, namely causes the change of the even mechanical tensile property of weld seam microstructure.
Further, CO is adopted
2laser is as thermal source, or the lamp pumping solid state laser adopting wavelength relatively short is thermal source, or adopts semiconductor laser to be thermal source.
Adopt the pre-heating means such as high-frequency heating can expand welding parameter window, but liquid-solid boundary place, molten bath thermograde should remain on the identical scope of above-mentioned condition with setting rate.
Further, heat-treat to eliminate thermal stress to laser weld or the parts after repairing, technique is, at 980 DEG C, be incubated 20h, and then with stove cooling, programming rate is 5 DEG C/min.After above-mentioned heat treatment, although there is the phenomenons such as carbide dissolution in the tissue of weld seam, performance is without significant change.
General principle of the present invention
In laser beam welding, welding base metal is as cold junction, and cause molten bath liquid-solid boundary place thermograde and setting rate all comparatively large, thus in liquid state molten pool, the growth of dendrite is epitaxial growth.Dendrite in molten bath, in its crystal orientation liquid towards molten bath, the direction of growth of dendrite has larger impact.Ni base alloy is face-centred cubic structure, and its crystal orientation is [001] direction, and when direction of heat flow is consistent with [001] direction, the dendritic growth of liquid state molten pool will carry out along [001] direction.
Fig. 3 is the macro morphology photo of IC10 unidirectional solidification material dendrite, secondary dendrite.As can be seen from the figure, a dendrite is distributed in the vertical direction of figure, and dendrite does sturdy prosperity, is substantially parallel to each other; Secondary dendrite be herring-bone form vertical distribution on a dendrite, also very sturdy prosperity.
Adopt CO2 laser instrument as welding heat source in the present invention, to IC10 alloy place to be welded or need repair place to scan, fusing is there is and forms liquid state molten pool in corresponding site under the effect of laser, liquid metal subsequently due to laser leave scanning position after the reduction of temperature again solidify formation weld seam, define intermetallic combination between position to be welded.If keep laser weld scanning direction parallel with IC10 directional solidificating alloy dendritic growth direction in welding process, as shown in Figure 1, dendritic growth direction so in liquid state molten pool is subject to the joint effect of mother metal dendritic orientation and hot-fluid, dendritic growth direction ratio is more diversified, as shown in Figure 4, the tiny densification of crystal grain.Because the crystal orientation being positioned at the original structure at liquid-solid boundary place may be once, the secondary even direction of growth of three dendrite, not that the orientation of growth of all crystal grains has multifarious feature by an aspect effect.On the contrary, if keep in welding process laser weld scanning direction and IC10 directional solidificating alloy dendritic growth direction perpendicular, so at this moment, the crystal orientation affecting dendritic growth direction in liquid state molten pool mainly mother metal primary tiller chip to, dendritic growth in weld seam mainly along [001] to life, directionality is very strong, as shown in Figure 5.In molten bath, main dendritic growth direction is [001] direction, the high-angle boundary that the dendritic growth in other directions will be formed between dendrite, thus forms crackle at high-angle boundary place.Thus when laser weld scanning direction and IC10 directional solidificating alloy dendritic growth direction perpendicular time, the crackle tendency of weld seam is very serious, can not obtain flawless weld seam.
In patent, laser weld parameters scope is: laser power density 1.41x10
6-3.01x10
6w/cm
2between, sweep speed is between 0.5-2.5m/min, and defocusing amount is 0, IC10 alloy thickness of slab 0.5-1.7mm.Use Ar gas as protective gas in experimentation, the shield gas flow rate being transported to Reciprocity of Laser & Materials district is 10-30L/min, and in welding process, protective gas is side direction conveying, and input direction is contrary with welding direction, namely just to laser scanning direction.And need in welding process to keep laser weld scanning direction parallel with IC10 directional solidificating alloy dendritic growth direction.When (as Fig. 6) welds within the scope of above-mentioned parameter, flawless weld seam as shown in Figure 4 can be obtained.Find when adopting non-window intrinsic parameter to weld, although the staggered growth of crystal grain in weld seam, crackle is also inevitable, as shown in Figure 7.
As seen from Figure 6, it is narrower that IC10 Alloy by Laser welds flawless parameter window, in such parameter window, material is welded, be aided with the condition that welding direction is parallel with IC10 directional solidificating alloy dendritic growth direction, just can to ensure in laser beam welding that within the specific limits, therefore the microstructure of weld seam is mainly the column crystal grown along various direction for molten bath liquid-solid boundary place's thermograde and setting rate.When above-mentioned Laser Welding Condition is different, molten bath liquid-solid boundary place thermograde and setting rate also change, the condition of liquid metal solidification changes, the pattern of the yardstick of a dendrite, the direction of growth and γ ' phase all there occurs change, namely causes the change of the even mechanical tensile property of weld seam microstructure.In application example, provide the seam center (as Fig. 8-10) that 3 groups of different parameters carry out welding, the welding parameter of this 3 assembly welding seam is different, and seam center is different, and tensile strength is also different, as shown in table 1.The common feature of 3 groups of seam center is macroscopically T-shaped, and the center line of weld seam is macroscopically straight line, microcosmic can be seen the staggered growth between crystal grain, as shown in figure 11.
Adopt the pre-heating means such as high-frequency heating can expand welding parameter window, but liquid-solid boundary place, molten bath thermograde should remain on the identical scope of above-mentioned condition with setting rate.
Heat-treat to eliminate thermal stress to laser weld or the parts after repairing, technique is, at 980 DEG C, be incubated 20h, and then with stove cooling, programming rate is 5 DEG C/min.After above-mentioned heat treatment, although there is the phenomenons such as carbide dissolution in the tissue of weld seam, before and after heat treatment, the microscopic appearance of weld seam as shown in Figure 12,13, and performance is without significant change, as shown in table 2.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 IC10 Alloy by Laser fusion process welding direction and directional solidificating alloy grain growth direction relations schematic diagram
Fig. 2 IC10 Alloy by Laser melting welding principle schematic
In Fig. 3 IC10 alloy original structure once, the macro morphology of secondary dendrite
The weld profile pattern that Fig. 4 adopts parallel welding method to obtain and seam organization pattern
The weld profile pattern that Fig. 5 adopts vertical welding method to obtain and seam organization pattern
Fig. 6 not coordination phase crystal grain interlock growth time occur crack morphology
Fig. 7 IC10 alloy flawless complete penetraction and fusion in welding welding parameter window
Seam center in Fig. 8 application example 1 under parameter
Seam center in Fig. 9 application example 2 under parameter
Seam center in Figure 10 application example 3 under parameter
Staggered growth between Figure 11 axis of a weld place crystal grain
The microscopic appearance of weld seam before Figure 12 heat treatment
The microscopic appearance of weld seam after Figure 13 heat treatment
Figure 14 tensile sample size
Detailed description of the invention
Be below embodiments of the invention and effect.
Embodiment 1:
The DC-035 type SlabCO that German Rofin-Sinar company produces is adopted during welding
2laser instrument is as thermal source.This laser stabilization output power range is 350W ~ 3500W, adopts RF RF excited, forms unstable resonator, spread out of window and adopt thermally-stabilised jewel by cylindrical mirror.Utilize beam shaping element that the square focus spot that laser instrument exports is shaped to cylindrical symmetric beam, transfer to Working position through light-conducting system, focused on by oxygen-free copper parabolic mirror, beam mode is close to TEM
00mould.Design parameter is: beam diameter φ=17mm, K
f=3.7mmmrad, K>=0.95, focus lamp is the copper parabolic lens of focal distance f=300mm, focused spot diameter D=0.2684mm, angle of divergence θ=52.0175mrad, M
2=1.01, depth of focus Z
r=5.0537mm.Kinematic system is the 5-shaft linkage numerical control lathe of Arnold company.
Material selected by experiment is IC10 alloy, and thickness is 1.7mm.In welding process, part to be processed surface is positioned at the focal plane of laser.Power density during laser weld is 1.77 × 10
6w/cm
2, laser scanning speed is 0.8m/min, and protective gas is Ar gas, and flow is 15L/min.
Fundamentals of Welding figure as shown in Figure 1, 2, need in welding process to keep welding direction parallel with IC10 directional solidificating alloy dendritic growth direction, laser is to IC10 alloy place to be welded or need repair place to scan, fusing is there is and forms liquid state molten pool in corresponding site under the effect of laser, liquid metal subsequently due to laser leave scanning position after the reduction of temperature again solidify formation weld seam, define intermetallic combination between position to be welded, the macro morphology of weld seam is shown in Fig. 8.Then be symmetry axis with Weld pipe mill, make the tensile sample shown in Figure 14 3.Wherein two pieces directly carries out tension test, and test specimen numbering is respectively 1#-1,1#-2, and drafting results is in table 1; Other one is numbered 1#-3, at 980 DEG C, is incubated 20h, and then with stove cooling, programming rate is 5 DEG C/min.After above-mentioned heat treatment, although there is the phenomenons such as carbide dissolution in the tissue of weld seam, performance is without significant change, as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 2:
The DC-035 type SlabCO that German Rofin-Sinar company produces is adopted during welding
2laser instrument is as thermal source.This laser stabilization output power range is 350W ~ 3500W, adopts RF RF excited, forms unstable resonator, spread out of window and adopt thermally-stabilised jewel by cylindrical mirror.Utilize beam shaping element that the square focus spot that laser instrument exports is shaped to cylindrical symmetric beam, transfer to Working position through light-conducting system, focused on by oxygen-free copper parabolic mirror, beam mode is close to TEM
00mould.Design parameter is: beam diameter φ=17mm, K
f=3.7mmmrad, K>=0.95, focus lamp is the copper parabolic lens of focal distance f=300mm, focused spot diameter D=0.2684mm, angle of divergence θ=52.0175mrad, M
2=1.01, depth of focus Z
r=5.0537mm.Kinematic system is the 5-shaft linkage numerical control lathe of Arnold company.
Material selected by experiment is IC10 alloy, and thickness is 1.7mm.In welding process, part to be processed surface is positioned at the focal plane of laser.Power density during laser weld is 1.94 × 10
6w/cm
2, laser scanning speed is 1.0m/min, and protective gas is Ar gas, and flow is 15L/min.
Fundamentals of Welding figure as shown in Figure 1, 2, need in welding process to keep welding direction parallel with IC10 directional solidificating alloy dendritic growth direction, laser is to IC10 alloy place to be welded or need repair place to scan, fusing is there is and forms liquid state molten pool in corresponding site under the effect of laser, liquid metal subsequently due to laser leave scanning position after the reduction of temperature again solidify formation weld seam, define intermetallic combination between position to be welded, the macro morphology of weld seam is shown in Fig. 8.Then be symmetry axis with Weld pipe mill, make the tensile sample shown in Figure 14 3.Wherein two pieces directly carries out tension test, and test specimen numbering is respectively 2#-1,2#-2, and drafting results is in table 1; Other one is numbered 2#-3, at 980 DEG C, is incubated 20h, and then with stove cooling, programming rate is 5 DEG C/min.After above-mentioned heat treatment, although there is the phenomenons such as carbide dissolution in the tissue of weld seam, performance is without significant change, as shown in table 2.
Embodiment 3:
The DC-035 type SlabCO that German Rofin-Sinar company produces is adopted during welding
2laser instrument is as thermal source.This laser stabilization output power range is 350W ~ 3500W, adopts RF RF excited, forms unstable resonator, spread out of window and adopt thermally-stabilised jewel by cylindrical mirror.Utilize beam shaping element that the square focus spot that laser instrument exports is shaped to cylindrical symmetric beam, transfer to Working position through light-conducting system, focused on by oxygen-free copper parabolic mirror, beam mode is close to TEM
00mould.Design parameter is: beam diameter φ=17mm, K
f=3.7mmmrad, K>=0.95, focus lamp is the copper parabolic lens of focal distance f=300mm, focused spot diameter D=0.2684mm, angle of divergence θ=52.0175mrad, M
2=1.01, depth of focus Z
r=5.0537mm.Kinematic system is the 5-shaft linkage numerical control lathe of Arnold company.
Material selected by experiment is IC10 alloy, and thickness is 1.7mm.In welding process, part to be processed surface is positioned at the focal plane of laser.Power density during laser weld is 2.21 × 10
6w/cm
2, laser scanning speed is 1.5m/min, and protective gas is Ar gas, and flow is 15L/min.
Fundamentals of Welding figure as shown in Figure 1, 2, need in welding process to keep welding direction parallel with IC10 directional solidificating alloy dendritic growth direction, laser is to IC10 alloy place to be welded or need repair place to scan, fusing is there is and forms liquid state molten pool in corresponding site under the effect of laser, liquid metal subsequently due to laser leave scanning position after the reduction of temperature again solidify formation weld seam, define intermetallic combination between position to be welded, the macro morphology of weld seam is shown in Fig. 9.Then be symmetry axis with Weld pipe mill, make the tensile sample shown in Figure 14 3.Wherein two pieces directly carries out tension test, and test specimen numbering is respectively 3#-1,3#-2, and drafting results is in table 1; Other one is numbered 3#-3, at 980 DEG C, is incubated 20h, and then with stove cooling, programming rate is 5 DEG C/min.After above-mentioned heat treatment, although there is the phenomenons such as carbide dissolution in the tissue of weld seam, performance is without significant change, as shown in table 2.
Table 1 weld seam hot strength
The tensile property of weld seam after table 2 heat treatment
Claims (1)
1. the IC10 alloy in laser controlling dendritic growth direction connects and restorative procedure, it is characterized in that: adopt laser as thermal source, first keep welding direction parallel with IC10 directional solidificating alloy dendritic growth direction in welding process; Secondly laser power density 1.41x10
6-3.01x10
6w/cm
2, defocusing amount is 0, sweep speed scope 0.5-2.5m/min, IC10 alloy thickness of slab 0.5-1.7mm; Use Ar gas as protective gas, the shield gas flow rate being transported to Reciprocity of Laser & Materials district is 10-30L/min, and in welding process, protective gas is side direction conveying, and input direction is contrary with welding direction, namely just to laser scanning direction; Adopt laser instrument to IC10 alloy commissure or need repair place to scan, under the effect of laser, there is fusing form liquid state molten pool in IC10 alloyed components corresponding site, liquid metal subsequently due to laser leave scanning position after the reduction of temperature again solidify formation weld seam; Heat-treat the parts of laser weld or reparation, technique is incubated 20h for be warming up to 980 DEG C under being 5 DEG C/min at programming rate at.
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| US20160228995A1 (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2016-08-11 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Material repair process using laser and ultrasound |
| CN106407544B (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2019-05-14 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of method for building up of IC10 unidirectional solidification material Stiffness prediction models |
| CN107552953A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-09 | 杨沁玥 | A kind of new pattern laser welding procedure |
| CN108788432B (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2020-11-13 | 南昌航空大学 | Aviation homogeneous IC10 single crystal high-temperature alloy welding method |
| CN108581188B (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2023-05-26 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for welding transparent brittle material by composite laser |
| US20220088716A1 (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2022-03-24 | Magna International Inc. | Method of removal of heat checking |
| CN111982618B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2021-11-02 | 华中科技大学 | Method for analyzing laser welding seam microstructure nucleation mechanism |
| CN113714515B (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2024-02-23 | 武汉联影医疗科技有限公司 | Cathode material and preparation method and device thereof |
| CN113977080B (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2024-02-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Method for inhibiting formation of hard brittle Laves phase in nickel-based superalloy scanning laser welding process |
| CN114310000A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏格兰环境科技有限公司 | Composite welding type vinylidene fluoride cracking furnace tube and welding method thereof |
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