CN103399724B - A kind of DAB loudness measurement card - Google Patents
A kind of DAB loudness measurement card Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Does is a kind of DAB loudness measurement card, arranged on computer PCI? express interface measures board, comprises digital audio capture unit, decoding unit, loudness computing unit and communication unit 4 parts; Described board directly gathers digital audio and video signals, and is calculated by program meter corresponding for sound signal; Loudness computing unit comprises filtering, integral mean and weighted calculation 3 subelements of being linked in sequence and draws loudness data result; The loudness data result of loudness computing unit is connected to computing machine by communication unit, is undertaken recording, show, store and analyzing by computing machine.Digital audio capture unit has as many as 3 groups of input interfaces, and every group interface all has 3 kinds of input interface circuits of the DAB being adapted to AES/EBU or S/PDIF signal, is respectively used to AES/EBU signal and the S/PDIF signal of receiving balance and non-equilibrium input; Often organizing DAB input interface circuit uses a multi-channel switch to select.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of DAB loudness measurement card using PCIexpress interface.This card can gather multi-channel A ES/EBU or S/PDIF digital audio and video signals, then calculates the loudness of these signals, is undertaken recording, show, store and analyzing by computing machine.The audio&video programsproduc-tion such as radio and television and broadcast field can be widely used in.
Background technology
PCIexpress (be called for short PCI-e) have employed popular point-to-point connected in series, compared with the shared parallel architecture of PCI and more early stage computer bus, each equipment has oneself special connection, do not need to whole bus request bandwidth, and data transmission rate can be brought up to a very high frequency, reach the high bandwidth that PCI can not provide.Can only realize one-way transmission relative to traditional PCI bus within the single time cycle, two single work of PCI-e connects can provide higher transfer rate and quality, and the difference between them is similar to half-duplex and full duplex.
AES/EBU digital audio protocol is by (world) Audio Engineering Society (AudioEngineeringSociety, be called for short AES) and European Broadcasting Union (EuropeanBroadcastUnion, be called for short EBU) formulate, be widely used in the professional audio fields such as radio and television.AES/EBU digital audio and video signals can balance or unbalanced manner transmission, have employed two-phase encoding flag technology.
S/PDIF digital audio protocol is formulated by Sony and PHILIPS Co., and S/PDIF full name is Sony/PhilipsDigitalInterface, means Sony/philips digital interface), be a kind of digital audio protocol towards consumer level application.S/PDIF uses two-phase marker technique to transmit equally, has identical frame structure, as shown in Figure 1 with AES/EBU digital audio and video signals.But S/PDIF with AES/EBU compares different electric interfaces specifications and channel status block, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
The loudness of sound signal refers to the sonority of people's ear to the perception of sound institute.Loudness not only depends on the amplitude size of sound, also depends on the factor such as frequency height, number of channels, dynamic size of this sound, the Fig. 2 during concrete numerical value illustrates see accompanying drawing.
In the manufacturing process of audio/video program, owing to lacking the equipment that intuitively can reflect this audio signal loudness, program making person can only by observing and regulating Audio Meter size to reach the object regulating loudness size.But because loudness depends on the amplitude of acoustical signal, frequency, sound channel and dynamically, it is consistent that this method is difficult to realize program loudness.So in broadcast TV program, people often can feel, each loudness even between each program of same is very inconsistent, and loudness is suddenly big or suddenly small.Such as, insertion of advertising in a formal program, the loudness of formal program and the loudness of advertising programme have obviously different mostly.The loudness power of quantitative method to sound signal should be taked to show to adjust, and the excessive audio signal loudness of difference can make spectators feel very uncomfortable.
Offshore company develops measuring equipment for audio signal loudness measurement, is more representationally divided into two large classes: the loudness table based on pure hardware and the loudness table based on pure software.
Based on the loudness table of pure hardware, the Related product of representative the is company such as the RTW of Germany, the Dolby of the U.S..The audio signal loudness table of these companies is all with the pure example, in hardware work of special measurement instrument.The advantage of this series products is that the real-time measured is very high, and result is accurate, and shortcoming is complex structure, expensive, can only show in real time in playing process, cannot recall and complete program loudness situation, very inconvenient in observation and use.Current, audio/video program great majority is made on computers by producer, and independent of the loudness table of the pure example, in hardware outside computing machine, when connecting from the program making software of different computer platform, cost is larger.
Based on the loudness table of pure software, two classes can be divided into.The first kind is the software of independent operating, and it is independent of audio&video programsproduc-tion software work, the Pinguin loudness measurement software of representative is German Pinguin company.It utilizes computer sound card to gather sound signal, and calculates the loudness of sound signal on computers.Equations of The Second Kind is the card format work as audio&video programsproduc-tion software, and representative is ToneBooster company VST loudness plug-in unit.It directly carries out loudness calculating to the audio file in audio frequency and video Software for producing, directly can not carry out real-time loudness calculating to the sound signal being input to sound card.
Advantage based on the loudness table of pure software is that price is relatively low, and measurement result digitizing, documentation, be conducive to the making coordinating producer to audio/video program on computers.But this series products also has very large weakness, the survey calculation process of loudness is completed by the CPU of computing machine completely, when loudness table exists as the plug-in unit of program making software, takies a large amount of system resource.When loudness software independent operating, also can monopolize sound card resource, other softwares can not be operated sound card simultaneously, normal program making cannot be carried out simultaneously.In addition, the loudness software that card format is run, be subject to the restriction of audio&video programsproduc-tion software version, versatility is poor, and directly can not carry out real-time loudness calculating to the sound signal being input to sound card.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method and the computer hardware that can calculate the loudness size of the digital audio and video signals of input.A kind of digital audio signal volume monitoring card that calculate the loudness of input digital audio signal, that apply on computer PCI express interface is especially proposed.This board gathers digital audio and video signals, and loudness corresponding for sound signal is calculated; Computing machine, by software section and this board of routine access, just can record, shows, stores and analyze the loudness of the digital audio and video signals inputted.The present invention can be supplied to audio frequency and audio&video programsproduc-tion librarian use, also can be used for independently audio signal loudness monitoring equipment and makes for various types of programs, transmits and multimedia terminal equipment.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of DAB loudness measurement card of PCIexpress interface, it is characterized in that being arranged on the board on computer PCI express interface, comprise digital audio capture unit, decoding unit, loudness computing unit and communication unit 4 parts, described board directly gathers and decoding digital audio signal, and is calculated by program meter corresponding for sound signal; Loudness computing unit comprises and to be linked in sequence and the filtering worked, integral mean and weighted calculation three subelements draw loudness data result; The loudness data result of loudness computing unit is connected to computing machine by communication unit, is undertaken recording, show, store and analyzing by computing machine.I.e. loudness monitoring card described in computer access, when do not affect other make, play normal work, record, display, store and analyze loudness size and dynamic range thereof that institute inputs the sound signal of (or claiming collection);
Further, digital audio capture unit has as many as 3 groups of input interfaces, every group interface all has 3 kinds of input interface circuits of the DAB being adapted to AES/EBU or S/PDIF signal, is respectively used to AES/EBU signal and the S/PDIF signal of receiving balance and non-equilibrium input; Above-mentioned DAB input interface circuit of often organizing uses a multi-channel switch to select input signal types; Above-mentioned 3 group interfaces can form the array mode of the multiple sound signal from monophony to 5.1 surround sounds;
Digital audio decoding unit, according to read channel state data, judges the sampling precision by several to read voice data in each subframe; AES/EBU and S/PDIF digital audio and video signals has identical frame form, and subframe preamble identifies the beginning of a subframe; Digital audio decoding unit, after having locked channel bit rate, can detect the digital audio and video signals of input, find preamble, is then read by the voice data in each subframe, show that sample frequency is the data stream of 1/64 of channel bit rate;
Digital audio decoding, by detecting the saltus step of digital audio and video signals, recovers bit clock, calculates the voice-grade channel sample frequency of digital audio and video signals according to corresponding channel bit rate; Voice-grade channel bit rate is always 64 times of sample frequency; For the sound signal of 48kHz sample frequency, the channel bit rate of its correspondence is 3.072Mbit/s.
Digital audio decoding unit, according to read channel state data, judges the sampling precision by several to read voice data in each subframe;
Use EP4CGX50FPGA chip to achieve digital audio capture unit, decoding unit, loudness computing unit and communication unit, loudness measurement calculating is carried out to the digital audio and video signals of as many as 6 passages.
Digital audio and video signals gathers decoding unit by the digital audio and video signals of 3 AES/EBU ports or S/PDIF port, be input to AES/EBU and S/PDIF Decoder bank to decode, obtain 6 passages, each passage is 48kHz sampling rate, channel bit rate is the data stream of 3.072Mbit/s16 position sampling precision, then the data stream of 6 passages is input to loudness computing unit.Next loudness computing unit starts according to certain integral time, and as many as 6 data streams are input to integral mean device group respectively, average by carrying out integrated square this integral time, obtains as many as 6 average datas.
AES/EBU and S/PDIF digital audio and video signals has identical frame form, and subframe preamble identifies the beginning of a subframe; Digital audio decoding unit, after having locked channel bit rate, can detect the digital audio and video signals of input (or collection), find preamble, then be read by the voice data in each subframe, show that sample frequency is the data stream of 1/64 of channel bit rate;
The loudness of loudness computing unit calculates: loudness computing unit comprises filtering, integral mean and weighted calculation 3 subelements of working in order and draws loudness data result; The data stream that digital audio decoding unit provides by loudness computing unit carries out filtering by K weighted wave filter, after drawing filtering data, within the integral time determined, the filtering data of all passages is carried out integral mean separately; Weighted calculation: the integral mean data drawn give different weights according to the difference of passage, and weighted value is by computer input; Then remake the average of each integral mean result, finally draw loudness data result.
The loudness data result of loudness computing unit is sent in computing machine by PCIexpress interface by communication unit, is undertaken recording, store, show and analyzing by computing machine.
In enforcement, digital audio and video signals gathers decoding unit by the digital audio and video signals of 3 AES/EBU ports or S/PDIF port, be input to AES/EBU and S/PDIF Decoder bank to decode, obtain 6 passages, each passage is 48kHz sampling rate, channel bit rate is the data stream of 3.072Mbit/s16 position sampling precision, then the data stream of 6 passages is input to loudness computing unit.
The producer of audio/video program, if using the loudness measure of this DAB loudness measurement card as foundation during program making, adjust the size of the sound signal of program, just can reach the loudness of hope by envoy's object audio frequency.
The audio&video programsproduc-tion of total digitalization substantially, substantially be complete all making on computers, the loudness monitoring card run in computing machine can be embedded into, not only easy to use than pure hardware loudness table, can record historical data and analyze, and cheap.Compared with first kind pure software loudness table, loudness monitoring card not occupying system resources, and not by the restriction making software type and version.Compared with embedded loudness plug-in unit, then by the limitation making software type and version, cpu resource can not do not taken.Accordingly, for all kinds of terminal user, the Various types of data of program loudness can be obtained easily, be used for instructing the adjustment to all kinds of listening equipment, thus improve final audibility.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: by providing a kind of method and the instant-plugging computer hardware that can calculate the loudness size of the digital audio and video signals of input, and can show and analyze the loudness numerical value of current audio signals in real time; The present invention is the loudness measurement method that a kind of hardware technology is combined with software engineering.First, the present invention gathers digital audio and video signals with a kind of loudness measurement card of example, in hardware, and in card, complete the overall process of audio loudness calculating, and measurement result is accurate, real-time is high, and does not take computer resource.The loudness result of calculation of audio frequency, the software by computing machine is installed carries out recording, show and storing, and has accomplished documentation and the digitizing of measurement result.Loudness measurement card in the present invention can be installed in audio frequency and video workstation easily, this audio loudness measuring method, can be embedded among digitized audio&video programsproduc-tion link easily, the present invention also independently can carry out loudness monitoring, for the loudness status analysis to finished product program.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A ES/EBU frame structure;
Fig. 2 K weighted wave filter amplitude-frequency response;
Fig. 3 AES/EBU24 byte lane status block is formed;
Fig. 4 S/PDIF24 byte lane status block is formed;
The system chart of Fig. 5 DAB loudness measurement card;
Fig. 6 DAB input interface circuit;
Fig. 7 is digital audio decoding flow process of the present invention.
Specific embodiments
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and subordinate list, the invention will be further described.
Digital audio signal volume monitoring card comprises digital audio capture unit, decoding unit, loudness computing unit and communication unit 4 parts.
Digital audio capture unit has 3 groups of input interfaces, every group interface all has 3 kinds of input interface circuit (see figure 6)s of the DAB being adapted to AES/EBU or S/PDIF signal, is respectively used to AES/EBU signal and the S/PDIF signal of receiving balance and non-equilibrium input; Above-mentioned DAB input interface circuit of often organizing uses a multi-channel switch to select input signal.3pin interface in Fig. 6, is generally XLR interface, and TSR etc. also can be used to have 3 or 3 with the interface of upper terminal.2pin interface in Fig. 6, is generally bnc interface, and TS, RCA etc. also can be used to have the interface of two or more terminals.
The digital audio and video signals of AES/EBU or S/PDIF form is converted into by digital audio decoding unit can for the data stream of loudness computing unit.
As following table 1AES/EBU home block and table 2S/PDIF home block:
Table 1:
Table 2:
The two-phase encoding flag that AES/EBU and S/PDIF uses is a kind of binary frequency modulating-coding., for binary one, saltus step can be there is in the middle part of this time period, and for binary zero, then saltus step not occur in the saltus step when a bit time interval starts.Digital audio decoding unit, by detecting saltus step, recovers bit clock, calculates channel sample frequency according to corresponding channel bit rate.Channel bit rate is always 64 times of sample frequency, and for the sound signal of 48kHz sample frequency, the channel bit rate of its correspondence is 3.072Mbit/s.
The 30th of each subframe is channel state data, and 192 subframes have 192 channel state data, totally 24 bytes, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.AES/EBU and S/PDIF has different channel state data, is AES/EBU signal or S/PDIF, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2 with the 0th of the 0th byte the description.If this position is 1, represent that this is the signal of an AES/EBU digital audio encoding, its sampling precision will provide on 3 ~ 5 of the 2nd of a channel state data byte; If this position is 0, represent that this is the signal of a S/PDIF digital audio encoding, its sampling precision will provide on 1 ~ 3 of the 4th of a channel state data byte.
Digital audio decoding unit, according to read channel state data, judges the sampling precision by several to read voice data in each subframe.
AES/EBU and S/PDIF digital audio and video signals has identical frame form, and as shown in Figure 1, subframe preamble identifies the beginning of a subframe.Digital audio decoding unit, after having locked channel bit rate, can detect the digital audio and video signals of input, find preamble, is then read by the voice data in each subframe, show that sample frequency is the data stream of 1/64 of channel bit rate.
After loudness computing unit receives the data stream of as many as 6 passages, as many as 6 data stream are input in K weighted bank of filters, respectively by frequency content (getting N number of frequency band), filtering are carried out to this as many as 6 data stream, drawn new as many as 6 data stream.See the K wave filter of Fig. 2).
In enforcement, loudness computing unit, next by this as many as 6 data weighted input counters, is first multiplied by corresponding weight (can by computer settings), again the results added after weighting is asked denary logarithm, finally, this logarithm is multiplied by 20, draws the result that loudness calculates.
According to the demand of user, also 1 passage only can be inputted, or the digital audio and video signals of 2,3,4,5 passages, calculate the loudness of these passages.
The present invention adopts the DAB loudness measurement method of PCIexpress interface, adopts and comprises digital audio capture unit, decoding unit, loudness computing unit and communication unit 4 part number audio loudness measurement cards; Digital audio and video signals is received in this DAB loudness measurement clamping, and is calculated by program meter corresponding for sound signal;
Digital audio capture unit has 3 groups of input interface circuits of the DAB being adapted to AES/EBU or S/PDIF signal, is respectively used to AES/EBU signal and the S/PDIF signal of receiving balance and non-equilibrium input; Above-mentioned many group DAB input interface circuits use a multi-channel switch to select the signal format type inputted.
The digital audio and video signals of AES/EBU or S/PDIF form is converted into data stream by digital audio decoding unit:
The flow process of digital audio decoding: by detecting the saltus step of digital audio and video signals, recovering bit clock, calculating voice-grade channel sample frequency according to corresponding channel bit rate; Voice-grade channel bit rate is 64 times of sample frequency, and for the sound signal of 48kHz sample frequency, the channel bit rate of its correspondence is 3.072Mbit/s.
According to the digital frame structure of AES/EBU or S/PDIF signal, the 30th of each subframe is channel state data, and 192 subframes have 192 channel state data, totally 24 bytes, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.
AES/EBU and S/PDIF has different channel state data, is AES/EBU signal or S/PDIF, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2 with the 0th of the 0th byte the description.If this position is 1, represent that this is the signal of an AES/EBU digital audio encoding, its sampling precision will provide on 3 ~ 5 of the 2nd of a channel state data byte; If this position is 0, represent that this is the signal of a S/PDIF digital audio encoding, its sampling precision will provide on 1 ~ 3 of the 4th of a channel state data byte.
Digital audio decoding unit, according to read channel state data, judges the sampling precision by several to read voice data in each subframe.
The precision of sound signal and sampling rate determine at output terminal, and loudness measurement card belongs to the input end of signal, and it can only separate according to the coding of input signal the sampling precision and sampling rate that read this signal.Usually, TV programme sound intermediate frequency sample frequency is 48kHz, and sampling precision is 16 bits.But the program for other may also be 32kHz, 44.1kHz etc.; Also can be that 8 bits, 24 compare top grade.
AES/EBU and S/PDIF digital audio and video signals has identical frame form, and subframe preamble identifies the beginning of a subframe; Digital audio decoding unit, after having locked channel bit rate, can detect the digital audio and video signals of input, find preamble, is then read by the voice data in each subframe, show that sample frequency is the data stream of 1/64 of channel bit rate.
Loudness calculation process: the data stream provided by digital audio decoding unit by loudness computing unit carries out filtering by K weighted wave filter, after drawing filtering data, within the integral time determined, carries out integral mean separately by the filtering data of all passages; Weighted calculation: the integral mean data drawn give different weights according to the difference of passage, and weighted value is by computer input; Then remake the average of each integral mean result, finally draw loudness data result;
The loudness data result of loudness computing unit is sent in computing machine by PCIexpress interface by communication unit, is undertaken recording, show and storing by computing machine.
Decoding process is (standard program) as shown in Figure 7.
The data stream that digital audio decoding unit provides by loudness computing unit carries out filtering by K weighted wave filter, the frequency response of wave filter is as Fig. 2, after drawing filtering data, within the integral time specified by computing machine, the filtering data of all passages is carried out integral mean separately, the integral mean data drawn give different weights according to the difference of passage, and weighted value is by computer input.Then remake the average of each integral mean result, finally draw loudness data result.
The loudness data result of loudness computing unit is sent in computing machine by communication unit, is undertaken recording, show and storing by computing machine.
The present invention is divided into digital audio decoding unit, loudness computing unit and communication unit 3 parts.
In this example, use EP4CGX50FPGA chip to achieve digital audio decoding unit, loudness computing unit and communication unit, loudness measurement calculating is carried out to the digital audio and video signals of 6 passages.
First, the total DAB 3 groups of input interface circuits being adapted to AES/EBU or S/PDIF signal of digital audio capture unit (1 part in Fig. 5), are respectively used to AES/EBU signal and the S/PDIF signal of receiving balance and non-equilibrium input; Above-mentioned many group DAB input interface circuits use a multi-channel switch to select the signal format type inputted;
Digital audio decoding unit (2 parts in Fig. 5) is by 3 digital audio and video signals, be input to AES/EBU and S/PDIF Decoder bank to decode, obtain 6 passages, each passage is 48kHz sampling rate, the data stream of 16 sampling precisions, is then input to loudness computing unit (3 parts in Fig. 5) by the data stream of 6 passages.
After loudness computing unit receives the data stream of 6 passages, these 6 data stream are input in K weighted bank of filters, respectively by frequency content (getting N number of frequency band), filtering are carried out to these 6 data stream, drawn 6 new data stream.
Next loudness computing unit starts, according to certain integral time (can by computer settings, as 400ms), 6 data streams to be input to integral mean device group respectively, average by carrying out integrated square this integral time, obtains 6 average datas.
Loudness computing unit is next by these 6 data weighted input counters, first be multiplied by corresponding weight (can by computer settings), then the results added after weighting is asked denary logarithm, finally, this logarithm is multiplied by 20, draws the result that loudness calculates.
Loudness result of calculation is sent to computing machine by PCIexpress interface by communication unit (3 parts in Fig. 5), and computing machine can show in a variety of manners and store this result.
According to the demand of user, also 1 passage only can be inputted, or the digital audio and video signals of 2,3,4,5 passages, calculate the loudness of these passages.
A specific embodiment of the present invention is only above; but the present invention is not limited thereto; those skilled in the art is not departing under the scope and spirit that the present invention protects; various change specifically can be made according to different actual needs, but still belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a DAB loudness measurement card, is characterized in that being arranged on the measurement board on computer PCI express interface, comprises digital audio capture unit, decoding unit, loudness computing unit and communication unit 4 parts; Described board directly gathers digital audio and video signals, and is calculated by program meter corresponding for sound signal; Loudness computing unit comprises filtering, integral mean and weighted calculation 3 subelements of being linked in sequence and draws loudness data result; The loudness data result of loudness computing unit is connected to computing machine by communication unit, is undertaken recording, show, store and analyzing by computing machine;
Digital audio capture unit has as many as 3 groups of input interfaces, and every group interface all has 3 kinds of input interface circuits of the DAB being adapted to AES/EBU or S/PDIF signal, is respectively used to AES/EBU signal and the S/PDIF signal of receiving balance and non-equilibrium input; Above-mentioned DAB input interface circuit of often organizing uses a multi-channel switch to select input signal types;
Digital audio decoding unit, according to read channel state data, judges the sampling precision by several to read voice data in each subframe; AES/EBU and S/PDIF digital audio and video signals has identical frame form, and subframe preamble identifies the beginning of a subframe; Digital audio decoding unit, after having locked channel bit rate, namely detects the digital audio and video signals of input, finds preamble, is then read by the voice data in each subframe, show that sample frequency is the data stream of 1/64 of channel bit rate;
Loudness computing unit: comprise filtering, integral mean and weighted calculation 3 subelements of being linked in sequence and draw loudness data result; The data stream that digital audio decoding unit provides by loudness computing unit carries out filtering by K weighted wave filter, after drawing filtering data, within the integral time determined, the filtering data of all passages is carried out integral mean separately; Weighted calculation: the integral mean data drawn give different weights according to the difference of passage, and weighted value is by computer input; Then remake the average of each integral mean result, finally draw loudness data result;
Digital audio decoding unit, by detecting the saltus step of digital audio and video signals, recovers bit clock, calculates the voice-grade channel sample frequency of digital audio and video signals according to corresponding channel bit rate; Voice-grade channel bit rate is 64 times of sample frequency
Use EP4CGX50FPGA chip to achieve digital audio capture unit, decoding unit, loudness computing unit and communication unit, loudness measurement calculating is carried out to the digital audio and video signals of as many as 6 passages;
Digital audio and video signals gathers decoding unit by the digital audio and video signals of 3 AES/EBU ports or S/PDIF port, be input to AES/EBU and S/PDIF Decoder bank to decode, obtain 6 passages, each passage is 48kHz sampling rate, channel bit rate is the data stream of 3.072Mbit/s16 position sampling precision, then the data stream of 6 passages is input to loudness computing unit.
2. DAB loudness measurement card according to claim 1, it is characterized in that next loudness computing unit starts according to certain integral time, as many as 6 data streams are input to integral mean device group respectively, average by carrying out integrated square this integral time, obtain as many as 6 average datas.
3. DAB loudness measurement card according to claim 2, it is characterized in that loudness computing unit next by this as many as 6 data weighted input counters, first corresponding weight is multiplied by, again the results added after weighting is asked denary logarithm, finally, this logarithm is multiplied by 20, draws the result that loudness calculates.
4. DAB loudness measurement card according to claim 2, is characterized in that the digital audio and video signals of input 1,2,3,4 or 5 passages, calculates the loudness of these passages.
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