CN103399322A - MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) land surface temperature-based permafrost figure automatic updating method - Google Patents
MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) land surface temperature-based permafrost figure automatic updating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) land surface temperature-based permafrost figure automatic updating method. According to the method, based on MODIS land surface temperature observation, daily land surface temperature variation amplitude is acquired through pairing of daytime and nighttime data, interpolation is performed, daily average land surface temperature without pairing pixel is restored according to the daily land surface temperature variation amplitude obtained by the interpolation, annual average land surface temperature with complete space time is obtained through a space time enhancement method, an annual average land surface temperature threshold of permafrost is determined, and the permafrost distribution is divided. According to the method, more accurate annual average land surface temperature required for updating a permafrost figure is obtained and the field value for annual permafrost division of the China region is determined by only applying the MODIS land surface temperature and the easily acquired DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data without depending on other observation, so that the updating of the Chinese permafrost figure can be quickly realized at a low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the remote sensing technology field, is that a kind of Remote Sensing temperature of applying is upgraded the method for ever frost figure specifically.
Background technology
Frozen soil generally refers to temperature below 0 ℃ or 0 ℃, and contains various ground and the soil of ice.By the length of native frozen state retention time, frozen soil can be divided into ever frost and seasonal frozen ground, and wherein, ever frost refers to that the frozen state sustainable existence of soil is more than 2 years or 2 years.It is generally acknowledged, Chinese ever frost area is about 1,720,000 square kilometres, wherein, high latitude and high mountain permafrost are near 1,360,000 square kilometres of (Li, X., Cheng, G.D., Jin, H.J., Kang, E.S., Che, T., Jin, R., Wu, L.Z., Nan, Z.T., Wang, J., Shen, Y.P. 2008. Cryospheric Change in China. Global and Planetary Change, 62 (3-4): 210-218.), be in the world in the country of high mountain permafrost area maximum.
Frozen soil environment and people's lives and economic construction have close relationship, and the natural resources exploitation utilization of the engineering construction of permafrost region, permafrost region, the ecological environmental protection of permafrost region all need accurate permafrost distribution figure.Therefore, the frozen soil state is the important content of geographical national conditions investigation.On the other hand, China is in a zone relatively responsive to whole world change, and the ever frost aggravation that whole world change and mankind's activity cause changes, and needs one to overlap permafrost distribution figure renewal technology and method accurately and rapidly.
China published a plurality of zones and national permafrost distribution figure at different times, comprised the 1:200 ten thousand large Xiaoxinanlin Mountains, northeast ever frost figure (Guo Dongxin, Wang Shaoling, the State of Lu's prestige etc. of 1977.Division of Permafrost Regions In Daxiao Hinggan Ling Northeast China.Dirt band, 1981a, 3:3-11.); 1:60 ten thousand Qinghai-Tibet Highway ever frost figure along the line (Guo Dongxin, the Qinghai-Tibet Highway ever frost figure along the line of 1981.Dirt band, 1981b, 3 (1): 76-77); 1:300 ten thousand Permafrost On Qingzang Plateau figure (Japanese plum moral, Cheng Guodong.Qinghai-Tibet Platean frozen soil figure.Lanzhou: Gansu culture publishing house, 1996.); The Chinese frozen soil distribution plan of 1:400 ten thousand (Xu Xiao ancestral, Guo Dongxin.The establishment of the Chinese frozen soil distribution plan of 1:400 ten thousand.Dirt band, 1982,4 (2): 18-24.); The Chinese ice and snow frozen soil of 1:400 ten thousand figure (Shi Yafeng, the Chinese ice and snow frozen soil figure (1:400 ten thousand) (first published) that published in 988 years.Beijing: China Map Press.1988; Mead is given birth to.The establishment of " Chinese ice and snow frozen soil figure " (1:400 ten thousand), dirt band, 1990,12 (2): 175-181.); The Chinese frozen soil zoning of 1:1000 ten thousand and type map (Zhou Youwu, Chinese frozen soil, Beijing: Science Press, 2000.) and 1:400 ten thousand Chinese Glacier frozen soil desert figure (Wang Tao, Chinese Glacier frozen soil desert figure (1:400 ten thousand), Beijing: China Map Press, 2006.).The distribution overview of Chinese frozen soil has all been summed up in all these research work preferably.But there is the problem of two keys.The one, data are limited, and the data that these frozen soil figure uses are very limited and inconsistent, and the drafting standard disunity, be difficult to comparison.Existing these frozen soil figure depends on weather data usually, and the most frequently used is temperature, but at Permafrost Area, as West Qinghai-xizang Plateau, weather station is very limited, and limited data cause the Permafrost Boundary of determining that very large uncertainty is arranged.Another crucial problem is that drafting method falls behind.Past is generally the ever frost existence opening relationships of verifying according to average temperature of the whole year observation and limited boring,, in conjunction with landform, vegetation, relies on manpower to judge comprehensively whether ever frost exists.The drawing course more subjectivity of adulterating, cause the frozen soil figure of different times to have different drawing yardsticks, and be difficult to estimate the variation of ever frost.
In recent years, the issue of the development of satellite remote sensing earth observation technology and many Remote Sensing temperature products, brought opportunity for overcoming the above problems.Thermal infrared remote sensing provides directly to be measured the high-spatial and temporal resolution of surface temperature, particularly since calendar year 2001, it is the global surface temperature product of 1km that the MODIS satellite provides every day four spatial resolutions, for the frozen earth stable drawing of remote sensing epoch provides abundant data source.But MODIS utilizes thermal infrared wave band observation surface temperature, and it easily is subjected to the impact of cloud, and remote sensing observations is instantaneous, does not take full advantage of MODIS surface temperature observation each time.Aqua and Terra satellite as MODIS had four surface temperature observation in one day, and at Hachem, S., Allard, M., and Duguay, C., 2009. Using the MODIS Land Surface Temperature Product for Mapping Permafrost:An Application to Northern Quebec and Labrador, Canada. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 20 (4): only used twice in the scheme of 407-416., and do not consider the difference of star morning and afternoon, do not consider the impact of space pixel in recovering the missing data process yet.
How recovering efficiently to be subjected to surface temperature and estimation that cloud affects to obtain the required annual mean surface temperature of frozen soil drawing, is that MODIS surface temperature product is applied to the key issue that permafrost distribution figure upgrades.
Summary of the invention
, for the problems referred to above, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of figure of ever frost based on MODIS surface temperature automatic update method.The method takes full advantage of MODIS surface temperature observation each time, in conjunction with spatial statistics method, discrete cosine transform method, realize the recovery of loss surface temperature, by with the contrast of target average temperature for many years, provide the ever frost of an annual MODIS surface temperature to divide threshold value, realize the renewal of ever frost figure.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of figure of ever frost based on MODIS surface temperature automatic update method, the steps include:
The first step: to the day and night surface temperature observation of the MODIS that obtains four surface temperatures on the one, select the top-quality pairing of carrying out the day and night surface temperature according to the quality control symbol (QC) that provides together with product, pixel to successful matching directly averages, and obtains the per day surface temperature of this pixel;
Second step: extract the day surface temperature luffing of successful matching pixel, utilize golden method in gram (Marcotte, D. 1991. Cokrigeage with MATLAB. Computers ﹠amp; Geosciences. 17 (9): 1265-1280.) be interpolated into each pixel, obtain annual whole surface temperature luffing D of pixels day by day;
The 3rd step: for the pixel that does not form pairing, obtained by second step the same day whole pixels day surface temperature luffing D, calculate this day not form the per day surface temperature of matching pixel;
The 4th step: the per day surface temperature of the enhancing of obtaining based on first three step, utilize the space-time Enhancement Method to estimate fully finally to obtain the complete annual mean surface temperature of space-time without the per day surface temperature value of value pixel;
The 5th step: determine the annual mean surface temperature threshold of ever frost, divide permafrost distribution.
Advantage of the present invention:
1, the present invention takes full advantage of one day four times surface temperature observation of MODIS, distinguish the pairing of data in evening on daytime, not pairing and complete recovery and the reconstruction that has realized annual per day surface temperature without three kinds of situations of value take year as unit, based on the method, can realize not relying on other observation, the dem data of only applying the MODIS surface temperature and easily obtaining, obtain ever frost figure and upgrade needed annual mean surface temperature;
2, the invention discloses the ever frost Classification Index of a MODIS annual mean surface temperature, do not rely on other observation, only apply Remote Sensing temperature (as the MODIS surface temperature), determined concrete thresholding.Thereby the renewal of can be low-cost, realizing fast Chinese universe ever frost figure.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the ever frost figure drafting method process flow diagram of MODIS surface temperature observation.
Fig. 2 is the original whole year of per day surface temperature.
The annual per day surface temperature of Fig. 3 for strengthening.
Fig. 4 is the annual per day surface temperature of Space-time Integrated.
Fig. 5 continent of China 2004 annual mean surface temperature.
After four times on the one surface temperature products of MODIS obtain, can be divided into three parts according to the data integrity of its space and whole day processes, there is observation evening on daytime in first, and this a part of pixel can form pairing, by simple arithmetic mean, can obtain per day.the second portion pixel is to only have daytime or observation in the evening of only having the same day, namely do not form the pixel of pairing, this part is estimated (seeing following specific implementation step for details) by the daily amplitude of pairing pixel, some pixel not observation fully on the same day, after two parts are processed before annual data are done for this part pixel, that namely be enhanced but have annual per day surface temperature without the value district, provide on this basis the method for a Space-time Integrated to estimate with level and smooth, finally obtain the complete annual per day surface temperature of space-time, and then obtain the annual mean surface temperature.
Below, be expressed as follows with regard to concrete method:
The first step: to the day and night surface temperature observation of the MODIS that gets four surface temperatures on the one, select the top-quality pairing of carrying out the day and night surface temperature according to the quality control symbol (QC) that provides together with product, namely for a certain pixel, the day and night surface temperature exists simultaneously, if successful matching directly average, obtain the per day surface temperature of this pixel.Day by day can be calculated the per day surface temperature of annual pairing pixel according to formula (1).
In following formula, T represents surface temperature, and day represents daytime, and night represents night.
Second step: the day surface temperature luffing that extracts the successful matching pixel:
In following formula, D represents a day surface temperature luffing.
The surface temperature luffing that match pixel the one day that obtains according to formula (2), utilize golden method in gram (Marcotte, 1991) to be interpolated into each pixel, calculates day by day, can obtain annual whole surface temperature luffing of pixels day by day.
The 3rd step: for not forming the pixel of pairing, due to day the surface temperature luffing special heterogeneity far below the special heterogeneity of surface temperature, therefore obtain according to second step the same day whole pixels day surface temperature luffing, calculate the per day surface temperature that this day do not form the pairing pixel, computation process is as follows:
The 4th step: the per day surface temperature of the enhancing of obtaining based on first three step, estimate fully the per day surface temperature value without the value pixel.Consider surface temperature spatially with the relation of sea level elevation and seasonal variations in time, i.e. temporal correlation, estimate to obtain the complete per day surface temperature of space-time according to following formula:
X=a (:, 1); % Julian date 1-366
Y=a (:, 2); The per day surface temperature of the enhancing that % obtained after the 3rd step, represent with NaN without value
Z=smoothn (y, ' robust'); % carries out level and smooth
The smoothn function can be downloaded at http://www.biomecardio.com/matlab/smoothn.html.
Fig. 2-4th, the comparison in 5 road beam per day surface temperature different disposal stages in 2004 of Qinghai Province.Wherein: Fig. 2 is the original whole year of per day surface temperature; The annual per day surface temperature of Fig. 3 for strengthening; Fig. 4 is the annual per day surface temperature of Space-time Integrated.can find out from Fig. 2-4, in original MODIS surface temperature product, can be used for, by the per day surface temperature that night and daylight observation on average obtain, very large disappearance is arranged, but after the 3rd step was processed i.e. enhancing, although also have a small amount of missing values, but most of per day surface temperature is restored, but the per day surface temperature in part sky also exists larger error and noise, but after the 4th step further processed, noise is effectively suppressed, and a small amount of nothing value district is recovered fully, and the per day surface temperature that obtains finally is more near actual conditions.
Fig. 5 is the average surface temperature example of year in 2004 that obtains after utilizing the 4th step of this method to process.Clearly shown the Spatial Distribution Pattern of regional annual mean surface temperature in figure, this general layout is similar to the existing permafrost distribution figure of China, but has higher spatial resolution, can, by determining the threshold value that concerns of annual mean surface temperature and Southern Boundary of Permafrost, divide ever frost.
The 5th step:, according to first to fourth step, can obtain annual mean surface temperature year by year, by 10 annual means of annual mean surface temperature, divide permafrost distribution.Because to tie up to Chinese regional be differentiated in the pass of temperature on average and Southern Boundary of Permafrost for many years.Such as, northeastward, usually in western, middle part and east respectively with-1.0 ℃ of average temperature of the whole year, 0 ℃ and 1 ℃ of division ever frost; , in Qinghai-Tibet Platean, usually use the boundary line of average temperature of the whole year-0.8 ℃ isotherm as ever frost.According to the contrast of average temperature of the whole year and MODIS annual mean surface temperature, the present invention proposes, and utilizes the boundary line of 1 degree isotherm of MODIS annual mean surface temperature as ever frost.
Claims (1)
1. the figure of the ever frost based on a MODIS surface temperature automatic update method, the steps include:
The first step: to the day and night surface temperature observation of the MODIS that obtains four surface temperatures on the one, select the top-quality pairing of carrying out the day and night surface temperature according to the quality control symbol QC that provides together with product, pixel to successful matching directly averages, and obtains the per day surface temperature of this pixel;
Second step: extract the day surface temperature luffing of successful matching pixel, utilize golden method in gram to be interpolated into each pixel, obtain the annual surface temperature luffing D of whole pixels day by day;
The 3rd step: for the pixel that does not form pairing, obtained by second step the same day whole pixels day surface temperature luffing D, calculate this day not form the per day surface temperature of matching pixel;
The 4th step: the per day surface temperature of the enhancing of obtaining based on first three step, utilize the space-time Enhancement Method to estimate fully finally to obtain the complete annual mean surface temperature of space-time without the per day surface temperature value of value pixel;
The 5th step: determine the annual mean surface temperature threshold of ever frost, divide permafrost distribution.
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| CN109165463A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-01-08 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Remote sensing estimation method, device and the readable storage medium storing program for executing of ever-frozen ground active layer thickness |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103631999A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-03-12 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | NPP monitoring net sampling design method based on sampling point space-time representativeness |
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| CN109165463A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-01-08 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Remote sensing estimation method, device and the readable storage medium storing program for executing of ever-frozen ground active layer thickness |
| CN109165463B (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-03-27 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Remote sensing estimation method and device for thickness of permafrost movable layer and readable storage medium |
| CN109887615A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-06-14 | 北京环境特性研究所 | Surface temperature period diurnal variation analogy method |
| CN109887615B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2020-12-11 | 北京环境特性研究所 | Earth surface temperature periodic daily change simulation method |
| CN117540132A (en) * | 2024-01-09 | 2024-02-09 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | Permafrost active layer thickness estimation method based on star-earth observation |
| CN117540132B (en) * | 2024-01-09 | 2024-04-02 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | Permafrost active layer thickness estimation method based on star-earth observation |
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