CN103397964B - Centrifugal conical-spray oil nozzle - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of centrifugal umbrella atomization device, provides a kind of new fuel-oil atmozation method and 26S Proteasome Structure and Function for internal combustion engine HCCI combustion；A kind of method and structure expanding fuel flow rate adjustable extent and energy directly automatic shutter spray orifice (11) is provided for turbine and turboaxle motor centrifugal oil atomizer; when solving shutdown, fuel oil leaks through spray orifice; start initial injection low oil pressure; affect atomizing effect, it is easy to the problem forming carbon distribution, blocking spray orifice.It is characterized in that: needle-valve (5) head in needle-valve body (1) has throttling guiding cone (13).Needle-valve (5) seat surface (16) coordinates with spin chamber (10) seat surface (17), the direct opening and closing spray orifice (11) of pulsating.Between pressure chamber (8) and spin chamber (10), there is one group of tangential hole (9), with the fuel oil of tangential force after spin chamber (10) tangentially rotate, spray from spout (12), in combustor, form one without closely knit oil beam core, the umbrella oil film running through the hollow from controlled, high speed rotating.

Description

Centrifugal conical-spray oil nozzle

The present invention relates to reciprocating internal combustion engine and turbine and a kind of new fuel-oil atmozation method of turboaxle motor and spray automatic open and close controlling structure, being a kind of centrifugal conical-spray oil nozzle for in-cylinder direct-jet.

Atomizer is internal combustion engine tissue and the critical component controlling combustion process.Currently known diesel injector is divided into pintaux, cellular type two kinds.Pintle nozzle is used for non-direct injection combustion chamber, can guarantee that spray orifice is unimpeded, but the oily line of injection is thick, and atomizing effect is not so good as cellular type, is replaced by hole type nozzle gradually at present.Hole type nozzle is used for direct injection combustion chamber, and atomization quality is better than pintaux, but owing to injection diameter is little, easily blocks in using, and fuel qualities is required height.Additionally, hole type nozzle is the injection of fluid column formula, the oil bundle dead angle of several fixing spray orifice ejections is relatively large, penetration degree is high, the problem of Spray Impingement (wet wall) is difficult to overcome, fuel distribution and spray particle diameter are uneven, fuel oil can not fully gasify and homogenous combustion, and this is to be difficulty with high homogeneity compression-ignition and low-temperature burning and the higher main cause of NOx, soot and PM discharge capacity on diesel engine with direct injection.It addition, also have a kind of conical nozzle, advantage is that injection rate is high, and spraying elaioleucite is thin and even, macroscopically spray circumferentially distributed uniformly.Its shortcoming is: oil bundle and guiding cone collision rift, elaioleucite kinetic energy rejection is excessive, causes that fuel spray penetration is too low.For this reason, under middle-low load working condition, umbrella the spray specific fuel consumption of combustion engine, smoke intensity, delivery temperature are lower than conventional engines；Under high load capacity operating mode, the penalty of umbrella spray combustion engine.When oil bundle is too much, owing to collision rift horizontal spreading area is big, each oil bundle generation interferes, and is bigger granule at intersection oil droplet coalescence, causes burning insufficient, form soot, and after-burning is serious.

For solving these problems, method commonly used at present is: spray orifice tinyization, increase nozzle hole number and oil spout high-pressure trend.Thus bring three insoluble problems:

1, reducing injection diameter further, some injection diameters have narrowed down to φ 0.08mm, even less.Too small spray orifice is more prone to blocking, technology difficulty and cost to be increased, and requires harsher to fuel qualities.The minimizing of injection diameter size is subject to oil injection duration and runs through the restriction of rate, and along with the raising of rotating speed, although eddy current enhances, but the degree of homogenizing that can reach is deteriorated, this is because the absolute time of mixed Daqu shortens.When superhigh pressure jetting, there is strong high-frequency pressure oscillation in ultra-fine spray orifice, can there is " bubble " (cavitation) phenomenon, and the fluidised form in this spray orifice can affect fluidised form and the oil droplet atomization in spray orifice near field in spray orifice in pressure chamber.

2, nozzle hole number (have up to 17) is increased considerably, too much intensive oily line root fuel oil can be made relatively dense, oily line farther out is affected by air motion in combustor and interferes with each other, and in some regions, little elaioleucite can be merged, affecting atomization quality, cause local fuel oil excessively rich, disposal of pollutants increases the weight of.

3, oil spout supertension, by the restriction of the maximum common rail pressure of oil supply system, itself is driven energy quantitative limitation by part strength and oil pump, can bring complexity and danger to oil supply system, even be difficult to bear, and the supplementary loss of engine power also will increase.

For tackling increasingly serious environment and energy problem, it is considered as that the research of " homogeneity compression-ignition (homogeneouschargecompres-sionignition; HCCL), low-temperature burning (Iowtemperaturecombustion, LTC) " a new generation combustion in IC engine theory and technology that can meet following minimum discharge, even internal-combustion engine with zero emission most potentiality starts to come into one's own in recent years.The combustion process that the burning of hcci engine directly controls electromotor from conventional gasoline machine spark ignition and diesel engine cylinder injection is different, it is that to reach nature by the gaseous mixture in compression cylinder ablaze, is combustion process when a kind of inflammability limit and stable combustion limit.

Required condition is run for creating HCCI, people have employed many different study models and method, as: utilize outwardly and inwardly thermal source improves cylinder temperature and pressure, introducing octane number is low especially fuel, pre-mixed charge compression burning, adopt variable compression ratio and VVT etc., but all there are some similar common problems, mainly ignition timing and burn rate are difficult to control to, and can't fully meet the requirement that HCCI combustion runs on broad rotating speed and load condition plane.

Accordingly, it would be desirable to research and develop new fuel injection technic and atomization method, solve to realize three problems of HCCI combustion:

1, the mixture control strategy of advanced person how is realized

HCCI combustion process is mainly by gaseous mixture chemistry dynamics Controlling, but the method that gaseous mixture is quickly formed is with mandatory.Therefore, current typical gasoline machine, diesel engine HCCI fuel-oil atmozation method are commonly used in-cylinder direct-jet.In the research with low temperature pre-mixing combustion of the HCCI thin pre-mixing combustion, it has been found that, perfectly homogenous gaseous mixture is difficult to realization for internal combustion engine, and the burning of HCCI is not also impossible to be absolute uniform.Because the control of gaseous mixture is a kind of dynamically control, even if in static state, the oil particles in gaseous mixture mixed in advance outside cylinder overweights gas molecule because of quality, can be influenced by gravity impact, and natural subsidence, absorption merge.The quality of oil droplet, much larger than the quality of gas molecule, after entering combustor, under the effect of In Cylinder Flow, makes irregular turbulent fluctuation, and movement velocity is far faster than gas molecule.Speed of related movement can make oil droplet and gas molecule produce to separate.Heavier mass, acceleration oil droplet faster, through the separation of relative velocity, can merge in local Collision coagulation farther out, absorption, form overrich district, cause thermally stratified layer.After the oil droplet that quality weight, density are big enters combustor, can be passed light weight by inertia effects, gas molecule that density is little hits on casing wall, piston end surface, if not strengthening fuel delivery, do not utilize external heat source that air intake duct is heated, improve cylinder temperature, promoting oil droplet evaporation, can cause that combustion engine low temp, cold starting performance are poor, mixing rate, burn rate substantially reduce.Theory analysis and lot of experiments prove, oil droplet has burnt square being directly proportional of required time and its diameter.The difference of spray particle diameter is excessive, also can the inhomogeneities of adversely affecting its combustion speed and temperature.At present, whether gasoline engine, or diesel engine, intake port injection and in-cylinder direct-jet, a common problem is: fuel-oil atmozation is all oil bundle formula (fluid column) injection, is passive atomization rather than actively atomization.The oil column formula injection of high pressure fuel, the penetrating force of kinetic energy concentrates on several oil bundles, not only fuel distribution is uneven, spray particle diameter is also uneven, form mist of oil overrich district, the drawback of high-temperature region cannot overcome, can not fully gasify, also very easily cause Spray Impingement (wet wall), form carbon distribution, dilution machine oil.Big quantity research proves, the oil column formula spray regime of hole type nozzle, even if when supertension, ultra-fine spray orifice, that " spraying " that diesel fuel is formed in combustor is also at oxygen deprivation or " overrich " state (generally than theoretical chemistry equivalent proportion dense 4 times), the state of this high temperature is just conducive to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) to generate, and the source of the generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Soot Formation just.The burning of conventional diesel engine is a kind of " theoretical equivalence than under diffusion combustion ".By chemomotive force theory it can be seen that theoretical equivalence than under combustion flame temperature the highest, up to 2700K, now along with maximum nitrogen oxides (NOx) production rate.Therefore, it is necessary to change oil column formula spray regime traditional at present, the mixture control strategy of advanced person could be realized.

2, how to solve HCCI high compression ratio, at a high speed, the circular wave problem that occurs under high load capacity operating mode

HCCI has the tendency of deflagrate, and mixture temperature is extremely sensitive, it is easy to circular wave occurs, thus is difficult to control to, is only limited at present and is applied in underload, middle low rotational speed region, can't high compression ratio, at a high speed, under high load capacity operating mode practical.Accordingly, it would be desirable to by the spray regime and the atomization method that improve fuel oil, improve the robustness of HCCI combustion further, it is prevented that pinking and the circular wave alternately occurred that catches fire.

3, spray time control and accurate ignition issues how are solved

There are some similar common problems in gasoline engine, mainly ignition timing and burn rate control problem with diesel engine HCCI combustion.Due to these problems, HCCI combustion to run on broad rotating speed and load condition plane also has bigger difficulty, controls bad, even occurs that oil consumption worsens, it is impossible to meet state IV (Europe IV) and Abgasgesetz above.For ensureing to catch fire reliably and Combustion System precision, inquire at present and have studied multiple HCCI combustion feedback control, as: cylinder pressure sensor, ion current sensor, crankshaft accelerations signal, detonation sensor etc., but all there is problem in various degree.Simultaneously as the complexity of spray time and the electric-control system that accurately catches fire and high cost, it is possible to the difficulty of hcci engine industrialization can be increased.Accordingly, it would be desirable to the solution of a kind of enforceable accurately catch fire control device and a reliable low cost.

Different from the cellular type that reciprocating internal combustion engine uses, pintle nozzle, currently known turbine and turboaxle motor use a kind of open type centrifugal oil atomizer or centrifugal disc.There is no directly to close the device of spray orifice inside centrifugal oil atomizer and centrifugal disc, thus spray orifice is open all the time.The structural shape of centrifugal oil atomizer have the double; two spout centrifugal oil atomizers of simple centrifugal oil atomizer, double; two oil circuit and double; two oil circuit single jet centrifugal oil atomizer point.The atomization of centrifugal oil atomizer is generally good, and has bigger spray cone angle.The umbrella mist of oil of central hollow easily matches with the flow field of combustor air.It has following shortcomings: (1), simple centrifugal oil atomizer are when maximum fuel injection Pressure Drop, and fuel flow rate adjustable extent is rather narrow.Owing to the size of tangential hole immobilizes, thus when distributive value reduces, fuel oil flows to the speed of spin chamber and will necessarily be decreased obviously, and so, tangential velocity when fuel also will be made to leave spout is greatly lowered, thus causing atomization quality severe exacerbation.(2), the double; two spout centrifugal oil atomizer of double; two oil circuits is substantially connected in parallel two simple centrifugal oil atomizers independent of each other associated working, thus the flow adjustable extent of the adjustable extent of the fuel flow rate simple atomizer more suitable than is much bigger, shortcoming is when Article 2 working connection is just devoted oneself to work, owing to initial injection pressure is very low, atomization quality can be made in instantaneous time to worsen to some extent.(3), the advantage of double; two oil circuit single jet centrifugal oil atomizers is that fuel flow rate adjustable extent is relatively wide, shortcoming is phase mutual interference between two oil circuits, effect due to back-pressure, when second level working connection puts into, in Hui Shi spin chamber, the rotary speed of oil stream slows down, thus being seriously degrading fuel atomizing quality.It addition, also have the centrifugal oil atomizer that tangential hole (groove) area of a kind of complicated structure can regulate.Though above-mentioned several centrifugal oil atomizer can expand the adjustable extent of fuel flow rate to a certain extent, and can suitably improve the oil atomizing quality under running on the lower load, but when Article 2 oil circuit is just devoted oneself to work, atomization quality always has obvious deterioration, also can there is the kick of instantaneous time in distributive value.Simultaneously as the restriction of injection pressure excursion, the adjustable extent of fuel flow rate is still unlikely to be made very big.The injection of this centrifugal oil atomizer and closedown, realize by fuel oil priming of pump and stopping.Between oil pump to atomizer, there are one or two oil supply pipes, after tail-off, during cut-out of fuel pump, owing to the spray orifice of centrifugal oil atomizer is open all the time, fuel oil between oil pump to atomizer can release emptying from oil supply pipe, atomizer through spray orifice automatically, makes oil supply system be in the hollow state of oil-free.When electromotor starts again, fuel oil need to be filled the space between the oil supply pipe of emptying and atomizer by fuel pump again, get to spray orifice injection, fuel pressure has an of short duration slow elevation process, engine start transient fuel pressure is caused to decline, the injection pressure of initial atomizer Pressure Drop is lower than critical numerical value, thus injection initial instant oil pressure is too low, fuel pressure is before being not reaching to rated pressure value, centrifugal oil atomizer has started to oil spout, cause that atomization and combustion efficiency are bad, cause aerofluxus to be fuming, start the problems such as low-response.In the particulate material that the not sufficiently combusted aerofluxus black smoke of fuel oil contains, the carbon granules of main component, trace metallic salt etc., the carbon distribution of burner inner liner, combustion box, turbo blade can be increased, reduce work efficiency.Carbon distribution can make burner inner liner, combustion box, turbo blade metal surface and cold air isolation, causes large area hot-spot, causes localized heat stress phenomena, warpage, deformation and crackle.It addition, carbon distribution also can make part atomizer block, when making electromotor use, turbine inlet temperature field inhomogeneities increases, flare direction is not parallel with combustor axis, cause that combustion chambers burn process is destroyed, cause turborotor and working-blade burn, accidents caused.During the blocking of atomizer major part, engine stall or automatic stopping can be caused, endanger aircraft security.The fuel system of part turboaxle motor have employed centrifugal disc.Centrifugal disc ensure that the atomizing fuel oil of ejection, simple structure, lightweight, be easy to safeguard.But electromotor is after working long hours and after each starting, penetrates oilhole and is easily formed along shallow lake property carbon distribution, cause oilhole Partial Blocking, causes fuel feeding to reduce, and engine power reduces accordingly.Time serious, electromotor is at ground speed fluctuation, or does not reach normal maximum rotating speed；Awing, when moment increases and decreases pitch, electromotor can not recover rapidly constant rotational speed, and when adding and subtracting throttle, electromotor there will be pulsating nature and vibrates and cause fuselage to shake；In starting process, when nozzle opening sectional area is blocked reach 60～80% time, charge oil pressure wretched insufficiency can be caused, make engine speed be restricted.The main cause that current centrifugal oil atomizer and centrifugal disc easily form carbon distribution, results in blockage is can not directly to close spray orifice, after causing tail-off, fuel oil between oil pump to atomizer from oil supply pipe, atomizer when spray orifice releases emptying automatically, but without obtaining the high temperature of residual in the combustor of cooling, under high thermal environment, for a long time repeatedly evaporation, decomposition, attachment precipitation, hardening thickening formation.

Open (bulletin) number: CN1818372A is a kind of conical nozzle with needle-valve head protection cover; the fuel-injecting method of this art solutions clashes into needle-valve head by high pressure fuel to be completed; this simple shock injection can make part fuel oil backwash in protective cover; elaioleucite is made to merge; kinetic energy rejection is big; fuel spray penetration is low, and under high load capacity operating mode, burning worsens.Open (bulletin) number: CN201092922Y is a kind of vortex conical nozzle, high pressure fuel in this art solutions to enter through nozzle and the annular space of cylindrical and to cheat the symmetrical tangential oil-feed tank arranged on wall along pit, eddy current is formed in plane pit, spray orifice again through spray nozzle front end sprays, the turnover of fuel flow link is many, resistance is big, and swirling capacity is weak.Not having self-cleaning function in plane pit, trapped fuel is too much, easily forms carbon deposit in high temperature environments, it is impossible to remove.The mesopore of nozzle and cylindrical interference fit, inconsistent due to the coefficient of expansion, under high temperature and high pressure environment, the easy loose or dislocation of mesopore of nozzle.Open (bulletin) number: CN2173311Y is a kind of liquid spray atomizing nozzle, this art solutions is when fuel liquid a plurality of spiral groove evenly distributed by its needle-valve lower end plunger cylinder shape under the high pressure of oil pump, a plurality of spiral groove can be produced oblique counteracting force, promote spiral groove to drive needle-valve to reversely rotate, offset the atomizing of spiral groove；The dentation cylindrical contact surface of a plurality of spiral groove, is not smooth cylinder, is difficult to ensure that with the dynamic fitted seal gap of needle-valve body inner circle；Spiral angular injection, the atomization cone angle of fuel oil is relatively small, and combustion centre moves forward, and flame is longer, can limit the operating load of electromotor；The fuel gallery of spiral groove is long, depth as shallow, and flowing and the injection resistance of fuel oil are big.Open (bulletin) number: CN1204747A is a kind of oil-return type mechanical atomization spray nozzle, and this technical scheme does not have needle-valve, it is impossible to controls timing oil spout, thus can not use on reciprocating internal combustion engine；Again owing to its spray orifice is open type; can not directly be closed; turbine and turboaxle motor, gas turbine use; still after can not solving shutdown, oil supply pipe fuel oil leaks; causing injection initial instant fuel pressure low, affect spray burning effect, aerofluxus is fuming; start low-response, it is easy to form the problems such as carbon distribution.Open (bulletin) number: CN101368740A is a kind of enclosed fluctuation centrifugal injection nozzle, when this art solutions uses on high-power low-speed heavy type internal combustion engine, turbine and turboaxle motor, for meeting bigger circulating fuel injection quantity, the diameter of spray orifice actual internal area must be increased, such as: when injection diameter increases to more than 1mm, the oil film thickness of injection will more than 0.5mm.Along with oil film is thickening, atomization quality can be deteriorated, and causes that combustibility worsens.Simultaneously, open formula transition cambered surface (18) owing to this injection hole on injection nozzle front end does not have outside this patent, the structure of (19) such long guide face carries out guide tracked guiding spray and constraint, at locomotive or peculiar to vessel more than use on 240mm big cylinder-diameter diesel engine, what oil was restrainted runs through from being difficult to arrive combustion chamber wall surface, cause fuel distribution uneven, flame is " locked " in central area, forms heat lock phenomenon, incomplete combustion.Open (bulletin) number: CN203035421U is a kind of umbrella injection fuel injection nozzle couple.Being previously mentioned in description background technology as this patent, the traditional conical nozzle being presently using also exists outstanding problem and defect.The technical scheme of this patent spray fuel oil, the umbrella being traditional of employing sprays mode, and oil stream is extruded in simple dependence and collision is sprayed.So, the step of the conical surface 6 that still can lead in cone causing oil bundle backwash and plume, elaioleucite kinetic energy rejection is excessive, causes that elaioleucite merges, and causes fuel spray penetration too low, affects atomization quality, under high load capacity operating mode, and the penalty of umbrella spray combustion engine.Open (bulletin) number: CN2818826Y is a kind of umbrella spray and porous assembled micro-displacement fuel injector, the substantially combination of conical nozzle and hole type nozzle, and the atomizer that both is presently using all also exists outstanding problem and defect.The structure of the umbrella spray part of this patent and technical scheme rely on the collision of the extruding to oil stream and oil bundle to spray, causing oil bundle backwash on the step of cone inner conical surface, elaioleucite kinetic energy rejection is excessive, causes fuel spray penetration too low, affect atomization quality, cause that elaioleucite merging, combustibility worsen.The oil bundle dead angle that the structure of the cellular type part of this patent and technical scheme also exist several fixing spray orifice ejection is relatively large, fuel distribution and spray particle diameter are uneven, fuel oil can not fully gasify and homogenous combustion, and penetration degree is high, the problem that Spray Impingement (wet wall) etc. is difficult to overcome.After the combination of both spray methods, its problem can be made more prominent.This is because: this patent is at needle-valve body nozzle opening 5 place commencement of fuel injection, lower end ring-type nozzle opening 4 is the oil spout again of open spray orifice, the successively oil spout of so upper and lower two places, oil bundle moment shunting, oil pressure can be caused sharply to decline, the injection pressure making ring-type nozzle opening 4 is not enough, interferes with each other with 8 oils column of needle-valve body nozzle opening 5 injection, causes elaioleucite to merge, penetration degree reduces, and affects atomization quality and combustion efficiency.

For solving the problems referred to above, the present invention is by technology restructuring, function innovation, wish to find a new approach, design and develop centrifugal conical-spray oil nozzle, it is mainly technically characterized ny: needle-valve (5) is set in centrifugal oil atomizer, needle-valve (5) head arranges throttling guiding cone (13), throttling guiding cone (13) has outer Zhang Shichang guide face First Transition cambered surface (18), there is adjustable to control the nozzle diameter (15) of umbrella oil film jet thickness, have adjustable to control the ring section (20) of circulating fuel injection quantity.Lining (4) is set in needle-valve body (1), lining (4), oil input channel (3,6), pressure chamber (8), tangential hole (9), spin chamber (10), the second transition cambered surface (19), spray orifice (11), spout (12) are integrated.The each technical characteristic of the technical program is mutually correlated with each other, mutually supports, achieve new function and technique effect, overcome the shortcoming and defect existed in prior art, solve reciprocating internal combustion engine and turbine and turboaxle motor atomizer Problems existing respectively.

It is an object of the invention to by this technical scheme of centrifugal umbrella-shaped spray, a kind of new fuel-oil atmozation method and structural design are provided for reciprocating internal combustion engine, straight injection becomes revolving force to penetrating force, the fluid column of fuel oil is divided and changes liquid film division into, what spray orifice (11) sprayed is no longer several oil bundles isolated mutually, neither by collision produce mist of oil, but one without closely knit oil beam core, run through from controlled rotation umbrella atomization oil film.When equal injection pressure, the index of the mean diameter of spray particle diameter, Sauter mean diameter and particle size distribution, all it is better than the oil column formula injection of cellular type and pintle nozzle, oil gas bonded area can be increased, realize the quick mixing of relatively large yardstick, improve the distribution homogenous properties of fuel oil, promote Fast exothermic, shorten the penetration degree of oil bundle, avoid Spray Impingement, improve jet atomization quality and efficiency of combustion, reduce disposal of pollutants, prevent spray orifice (11) from blocking, extend atomizer service life.In Gasoline Engine HCCI Combustion, the umbrella oil film spray fan guidance mode of the rotation that this patent is taked, it it is the active atomizing type of a kind of fuel oil, matter close to diesel engine regulates, gaseous mixture drift when can avoid high engine speeds, wall-film are by the formation of " in bulk is torn ", harmful detonation shock wave, thus can accurately control Ignition Timing and burn rate, when solving HCCI critical state, combustion instability, circular wave is big, catch fire generation After Top Center, and pinking and catching fire alternately occurs, rotating speed and export the problem that torque ripple is bigger.When adopting high compression ratio, with the carrying out of compression process, cylinder inner air pressure and temperature constantly raise, and near top dead centre beginning of injection, gas temperature is up to more than 600 DEG C, higher than Fuel Petroleum autoignition temperature (300～400 DEG C) under pressure at that time.The umbrella oil film of high speed rotating increases due to main fracture area, little granule oil droplet is increased, olesome diameter is more little, temperature is more high, the kinetic energy produced in high-pressure injection process, with density, stickiness, high compression ratio air that resistance is bigger large area friction, clash into, penetrate and mix, the heat energy discharged can make oil droplet be brought rapidly up.High temperature accumulative effect and gas molecule energy after sharply compression that micro-bubble when uniform oil particles surface tension and cohesiveness are broken discharges change the heat energy discharged, rate of heat release can be made more than rate of heat dispation, before making flame, temperature is increased to the evaporation boiling point of oil droplet, catching fire thus realizing chain type heating power, reaching gaseous mixture spontaneous combustion and multiple spot catches fire simultaneously.The oil film injection of this high speed rotating, the spontaneous combustion during homogeneity compression-ignition is different from the detonation of conventional gasoline machine.On the one hand, gaseous mixture substantially weakens (fuel concentration minimizing), on the other hand, the state that the Temperature Distribution of whole combustor and combustion reaction process are almost balanced result in gaseous mixture in whole cylinder and occurs dieseling equably, not as detonation, spontaneous combustion only occurs in the limited end gas of local.Therefore, the formation of harmful detonation shock wave is avoided, and solves the problem controlling CI (compression ignition), ignition timing and burn rate.In low temperature, cold-start phase, spark plug auxiliary firing can be taked, excite homogeneity compression-ignition, solve the reliability caught fire.In the HCCI combustion of diesel engine, the umbrella film atomization mode of high speed rotating, solve the problem controlling HC (homogeneous charge).This patent takes centrifugal high pressure injection, and (effect is better than more intensive spray orifice or extruding depended merely on by similar lean-burn GDI gasoline engine, the umbrella atomizer of collision injection), pulsation noticeable degree spray time and ignition timing (do not adopt any feedback control, be better than the complexity of electric-control system and high cost) technical scheme and Injection strategy, to solving in HCCI combustion process, realize homogeneity compression-ignition, full course of burning strengthening mixing, avoid Spray Impingement (wet wall), accurately control spray time and ignition timing, guarantee combustion stability, expand the problems such as HCCI operation area, provide a reliable low cost solution.Meanwhile, use this technical scheme, provide a kind of expansion fuel flow rate adjustable extent for turbine and turboaxle motor centrifugal oil atomizer; can directly automatically turn on, close control structure and the method for spray orifice; the adjustable extent solving current open type centrifugal oil atomizer fuel flow rate is little, it is impossible to directly closing spray orifice, after shutdown, fuel oil leaks; start initial instant fuel-injection pressure low; affecting spray burning effect, aerofluxus is fuming, and starts low-response; increase carbon distribution, it is easy to the problem of blocking.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: is positioned at the needle-valve (5) of nozzle needle valve body (1), reciprocatingly slide under oil pump fuel pressure changes, needle-valve (5) seat surface (16) coordinates with spin chamber (10) seat surface (17), pulsating directly opens and closes the spray orifice (11) and spout (12) that are positioned at spin chamber (10) center front, it is ensured that timing oil spout.Between pressure chamber (8) and spray orifice (11) in needle-valve body (1), there is multiple uniform tangential hole (9), with tangential force fuel oil through spin chamber (10) rotate after, when leaving spray orifice (11), there is tangential motion speed.Oil stream sprays from spout (12) under the effect of tangential centrifugal force, form the umbrella atomization oil film of a high speed rotating, and quickly under external force (air motion of combustor and counteracting force) acts on, division becomes oil particles, forms fuel-air mixture.When stopping oil spout, tangential hole (9), spin chamber (10), spray orifice (11) are all closed by needle-valve (5) seat surface (16), and play the self-cleaning action cleaned carbon distribution with water, prevent blocking.During commencement of fuel injection, along with needle-valve (5) raises upper shifting, tangential hole (9) sectional area is opened gradually, and distributive value is also just gradually increased.In slow-revving situation, charge oil pressure is constant, circulating fuel injection quantity reduces, under the restriction effect of fuel injector compression spring, raising and decreased duration of needle lift (14), raising of needle-valve (5) seat surface (16) lift was also shortened therewith with the persistent period, sectional area and spin chamber (10) volume that tangential hole (9) is opened reduce simultaneously, fuel oil enters the entrance velocity of spin chamber (10) to be increased, rotating more strong, the tangential velocity in spray orifice (11) exit is consequently increased.Simultaneously, sectional area that tangential hole (9) is opened and the minimizing of spin chamber (10) volume, the fuel flow resistance in oil supply pipe is made relatively to increase, fuel bulk moment is compressed relatively, jet pressure increases, flow velocity is accelerated, and fuel oil still can ensure have enough tangential velocities and swirl strength when leaving spray orifice (11) and spout (12) through spin chamber (10).In the end of injection stage, owing to injection pressure declines, the spouting velocity of oil reduces, the reduction of negative pressure mist of oil within, so that mist of oil reduces to the trend of central reduction so that atomizing angle has increased slightly.In this process, interaction due to fuel injector spring pressure and fuel pressure, needle-valve (5) slides up and down repeatedly, needle lift (14) is continually changing, the opening degree of tangential hole (9) sectional area and spin chamber (10) volume is continually changing, even if circulating fuel injection quantity is less in low-load conditions, oil stream tangential velocity in spin chamber (10) still can be significantly high, this makes it possible to ensure that the atomization quality of fuel oil is good all the time.Therefore, fuel flow rate adjustable extent is relatively wide, to adapt to reciprocating internal combustion engine and turbine, turboaxle motor unit constantly accelerate and needs within the scope of full load.

The optimization atomization of fuel oil and evaporation are considered as the basis of high-quality mixed Daqu.Due to the fact that the change of atomization method, with tangential penetrating force and revolving force when fuel oil leaves spray orifice (11) and spout (12), turbulent fluctuation in oil stream, the suction effect of air-flow is stronger than when not rotating, therefore spray formula atomizer than currently known pintaux, cellular type and umbrella to carry out, by extruding force, the atomization quality that collision sprays merely good.Fuel oil is under the effect of penetrating force and centrifugal force, the ray formed is along justifying 360 ° of distributions at the bottom of the atomization cone of hollow, being actually the oil bundle that one or several fixed-direction that pintaux, hole type nozzle can be reached is limited, cracking is decomposed into the fuel oil ray thinner without several, and main fracture area increases.When the umbrella oil film of high speed rotating sprays from the ring section of spray orifice (11) and spout (12), throttling guiding cone (13) front portion is gas swirl.Owing to its equivalent nozzle hole area is bigger, the unlocking resistance of fuel-injected frictional force and surface tension, cohesiveness reduces, the flow of ejection of equal time increases, fuel oil ray velocity is made to accelerate, fineness of the particles, the uniformity, homogeneity are better, from without increasing considerably the injection pump pressure now mated.Identical circulating fuel injection quantity, improves injection rate and contributes to increasing the absolute time of mixed Daqu, burn rate can be made to accelerate, burn and terminate in advance, expansion process for combustion gas provides the more time, reducing oil consumption, aerofluxus finishing temperature is relatively low, and low temperature, cold starting performance are good.The relative increase of spray orifice (11) diameter, make spray flexible, the tolerance of dust, mechanical shock and thermal shock is better, the frictional force of fuel flow, drag reduction, making the injection duration relatively fuel delivery duration time shorten, the more maximum oil-supply speed of maximum injection rate improves, and makes the fuel injection characteristic initial stage slow, mid-term, the later stage was short soon rapidly.Alleviating of injection pressure, it is possible to make " tolerance " to fuel qualities that now widely used high-pressure common-rail injection system exists spend and improve compared with many deficiencies such as little, system cost is of a relatively high, control variable is many, product development cycle length.Owing to umbrella oil film of the present invention is not by extruding, collision guiding cone ejection as conical nozzle, but tangentially rotate from by spraying along First Transition cambered surface (18) and the second transition cambered surface (19), avoid and open outward the collision of formula step and oily bundle backwash with guiding cone (13), thus the kinetic energy rejection of oil bundle, elaioleucite is little, will not be big because of front face area, cause running through rate too low.The radian of throttling guiding cone (13) First Transition cambered surface (18) and corresponding lining (4) second transition cambered surface (19), and the injection pilot angle (21) of throttling guiding cone (13) spout (12) position, it is possible to the film atomization cone angle (22) of the hollow that impact and control rotate.The adjustment of spout (12) diameter (15), it is possible to adjust and control oil film thickness.The sectional area of the ring section (20) that spray orifice (11) gap between the internal diameter of the external diameter of throttling guiding cone (13) First Transition cambered surface (18) lining (4) second transition cambered surface (19) corresponding thereto is formed, can pass through to increase simultaneously or reduce the diameter in ring section (20) cylindrical and interior garden, increase or reduce the sectional area size of ring section (20), namely adjustable controls spray orifice (11), spout (12) circulating fuel injection quantity, the again jet thickness of controlled liquefaction film.The umbrella oil film rotated compensate for the dead angle between several oil bundles of oil column formula injection, the increase of main fracture area, makes the oil droplet gross area increase on the one hand, improve the heat exchange of oil droplet and surrounding air, the evaporation rate of fuel oil is substantially accelerated, thus makes gaseous mixture turn cold, and inflation rate improves；Expand on the one hand distribution space and the uniformity of fuel oil, large scale add hydrocarbons contact area, it is to avoid local over-concentration district, accelerate heat absorption and gasification, the response time making gaseous mixture is sufficient.In identical circulating fuel injection quantity, injection rate situation, due to the area of mixed Daqu increase, speed accelerate, the time shorten, the amount of fuel of gasification heat absorption increases, so that heat release curve negative value extends before catching fire, delay of ignition (delay period), rapid combustion period heat release beginning time retardation.At ormal combustion period and after burning period, the fuel oil of follow-up ejection remains in that the umbrella fogging oil membrane stage of high speed rotating, homogeneous distribution stability of characteristics, almost catch fire with rapid combustion period simultaneously, improve premixed combustion phase and the anisotropic property in diffusion combustion stage, before avoiding oil column formula injection rate of heat release low after height, ormal combustion period and after burning period oil bundle root gaseous mixture overrich, oxygen deprivation, the high temperature relying primarily on delay of ignition and rapid combustion period is evaporated atomization, result in substantial amounts of NOx, the problem of soot and PM, make oil droplet burning more fully completely, improve the thermal efficiency and the economic performance of electromotor, decrease disposal of pollutants.After burning period and duration of heat release time shorten, and advantageously reduce combustion noise and vibration, reduce roughness noise degree, improve and avoid diesel combustion distinctive " bimodal " phenomenon.There is the tendency of deflagrate for solving HCCI, mixture temperature is extremely sensitive, circular wave easily occurs, thus be difficult to control to, it is only limited at present and is applied in underload, middle low rotational speed region, the requirement that HCCI combustion runs on broad rotating speed and load condition plane can't be fully met, it is impossible to problem practical in the whole operating range of electromotor a, it is provided that new method.

Meanwhile, the present invention is turbine and turboaxle motor centrifugal oil atomizer provides and a kind of expands the new construction of fuel flow rate adjustable extent, new method.Owing to the present invention can directly automatically turn on, close spray orifice, also turbine and turboaxle motor are just solved when shutting down, fuel oil in oil supply pipe and atomizer releases emptying automatically through spray orifice, when again starting, the injection pressure of initial atomizer Pressure Drop occurs lower than critical numerical value, injection initial instant fuel pressure is too low, affect spray burning effect, aerofluxus is fuming, the problem starting low-response, improve the starting sensitivity of electromotor, shorten engine start time, decrease burner inner liner, combustion box, turbo blade carbon distribution, atomizer is prevented to block, improve safety and the work efficiency of aircraft.

The present invention relates to one group of invention that a total inventive concept links together, and there is technology association between these inventions, and containing multiple corresponding specified features, each technical characteristic of combination is functionally mutually correlated with each other, mutually supports.Due to the fact that needle-valve (5) seat surface (16) directly coordinates with spin chamber (10) seat surface (17), the reliable and effective opening and closing fuel feeding of energy, after making to complete injection, the trapped fuel between spray orifice (11) and needle-valve (5) reduces to Min. every time.The long guide face structure of the First Transition cambered surface (18) of throttling guiding cone (13) spray orifice (10) position of needle-valve (5) head and the second transition cambered surface (19) of lining (4) spray orifice (10) position has the function that the oily stream rotated carries out guide tracked directed constrained spray, avoid tangential hole (9), the oil that spin chamber (10) tangentially rotates is restrainted and the shock of throttling guiding cone (13), and play guiding oil stream rounding off, accelerate tangential rotation, increasing run through from, increase the effect of main fracture area, spray-cone angle is made to depend no longer on chamber pressure.Between the internal diameter of the external diameter of throttling guiding cone (13) First Transition cambered surface (18) lining (4) second transition cambered surface (19) corresponding thereto, the adjustment of ring section (20) area that spray orifice (11) gap is formed, plays the effect controlling circulating fuel injection quantity.The jet thickness of the controlled liquefaction film of nozzle diameter (15).The spray cone angle (22) of injection pilot angle (21) adjustable rotating of throttling guiding cone (13) spout (12) position.Atomizer for reciprocating internal combustion engine and turbine and turboaxle motor is a kind of precise control device worked in high speed, high temperature, environment under high pressure, the difference that small difference may result in unit operation quality, energy-saving and emission-reduction are big.The lining (4) that this patent is taked and oil input channel (3, 6), pressure chamber (8), tangential hole (9), spin chamber (10), spray orifice (11), second transition cambered surface (19), the technical scheme that spout (12) is integrated, enclose inside atomizer at supertension, under ultrashort pulse fuel-injection condition, it is likely to affect atomization quality, leakage of oil, alter the flow path of oil, solve oil input channel (3, 6), pressure chamber (8), tangential hole (9), between spin chamber (10) each assembly, the dynamic cooperation of needle-valve (5) and lining (4), the stationary fit of needle-valve body (1) and lining (4), an overall co-ordination sealing difficult problem for all key elements.The Injection strategy of this component invention can form one without closely knit oil beam core in combustor, spraying circumference is uniformly, run through the umbrella oil film of the hollow from controlled and high speed rotating, the raising of injection rate, the increase of oil droplet total surface area, accelerate the heat exchange between oil droplet and surrounding air, cause that the fuel oil being injected directly into combustor cooling effect in cylinder strengthens, air inflow increases, deflagration behavior and compression ratio improve, reduce the penetration degree of hole type nozzle oil column formula injection, solve hole type nozzle Spray Impingement (wet wall), wall-film is by intake swirl " in bulk is torn ", form harmful detonation shock wave, the problem such as gaseous mixture drift during high engine speeds.Simultaneously again owing to the present invention is provided with outer Zhang Shichang guide face First Transition cambered surface (18) in throttling guiding cone (13), the oil film injection rotated is carried out guide tracked directed constraint and auxiliary, so that fuel spray penetration is extended, overcoming conventional umbrella spray combustion system oil stream at present relies on squash type to clash into injection, cause oil bundle backwash, elaioleucite kinetic energy rejection is excessive, fuel spray penetration is too low, affect atomization quality, cause that elaioleucite merges, the outstanding problem such as combustibility deterioration when high load capacity, there is low hydrocarbon emission when sub-load, there is during full load good anti-detonation ability and quickly burning fully, improve the concordance of oil nozzle couple under high pressure flow, a kind of new gaseous mixture tissue and control method is provided for reciprocating internal combustion engine HCCI combustion；Simultaneously; a kind of fuel flow rate adjustable extent and can direct automatic shutter spray orifice of expanding is provided for turbine and turboaxle motor centrifugal oil atomizer; after preventing shutdown, fuel oil leaks from injection hole on injection nozzle; improve engine start sensitivity, reliability and atomization quality; spray is flexible, it is to avoid spray orifice carbon deposit, blocking structures and methods.

The concrete structure of the present invention is provided by below example and accompanying drawing thereof:

Fig. 1 is the sectional structure chart of centrifugal conical-spray oil nozzle couple.In figure, needle-valve (5) is in the open position of oil atomizing state.

Fig. 2 is the right view of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is the A-A profile of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is the B-B profile of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is the partial enlarged drawing of this device lining (4), needle-valve (5), tangential hole (9), spin chamber (10), spray orifice (11), spout (12), throttling guiding cone (13), needle lift (14), nozzle diameter (15).In figure, needle-valve (5) is in the open position of oil atomizing state.

Fig. 7 is this device lining (4), needle-valve (5), tangential hole (9), spray orifice (11), throttling guiding cone (13) partial enlarged drawing.In figure, needle-valve (5) is in the closed position stopping oil atomizing state.

Fig. 8 is this device lining (4), needle-valve (5), tangential hole (9), spin chamber (10), spray orifice (11), spout (12), throttling guiding cone (13), needle-valve (5) seat surface (16), spin chamber (10) seat surface (17), throttling guiding cone (13) is positioned at the First Transition cambered surface (18) of spray orifice (11) position, lining (4) is positioned at the partial enlarged drawing of the second transition cambered surface (19) of spray orifice (11) position.In figure, needle-valve (5) is in the open position of oil atomizing state.

Fig. 9 is the partial enlarged drawing of the spray cone angle (22) of this device lining (4), needle-valve (5), tangential hole (9), spin chamber (10), spray orifice (11), throttling guiding cone (13), the injection pilot angle (21) of throttling guiding cone (13) spout (12) position, rotation.In figure, needle-valve (5) is in the open position of oil atomizing state.

Figure 10 is the C-C profile of Fig. 9.(20) it is the ring section (20) in spray orifice (11) gap that lining (4) is positioned at the second transition cambered surface (19) of spray orifice (11) position and throttling guiding cone (13) is positioned between the First Transition cambered surface (18) of spray orifice (11) position in C-C profile.In figure, needle-valve (5) is in the open position of oil atomizing state.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1: this device includes a needle-valve body (1), needle-valve body has hole, location (2 on (1), 7), lining (4), needle-valve (5), oil input channel (3,6), pressure chamber (8), tangential hole (9), spin chamber (10), spray orifice (11) is had in needle-valve body (1).Lining (4), oil input channel (3,6), pressure chamber (8), tangential hole (9), spin chamber (10), spray orifice (11), spout (12) are integrated.Needle-valve (5) head has throttling guiding cone (13).

In Fig. 1, needle-valve (5) is in the open position of oil atomizing state.

Its operation principle is as follows:

When the pressurized fuel in oil pump is from the oil input channel (3 between needle-valve body (1) and lining (4), 6) after entrance pressure chamber (8) reaches rated pressure, needle-valve (5) is promoted to move afterwards on the one hand, open spray orifice (11), simultaneously enter tangential hole (9), by after fuel oil entrance spin chamber (10) that tangential force promotes, produce circumference rotary motion, through spray orifice (11) under the effect of tangential centrifugal force, First Transition cambered surface (18) and the second transition cambered surface (19) spray from spout (12), form the umbrella atomization oil film of a high speed rotating, and quickly under external force (air motion and counteracting force) in combustor effect, division becomes tiny elaioleucite, form fuel-air mixture.

When oil pump fuel cut-off, at fuel injector compression spring, (fuel injector and atomizer are collectively referred to as injector assembly to needle-valve (5), have the assemblies such as oil-in, filter element, compression spring, pressure adjusting pad sheet, oil input channel, back leakage connection in oil injector body.Because being not belonging to injector nozzle matching parts, thus not shown in FIG..) under pressure, as it is shown in fig. 7, head seat surface (16) coordinates closedown spray orifice (11) with spin chamber (10) seat surface (17).

It is to be noted that

1, lining (4) answers slight interference to coordinate with needle-valve body (1), to avoid in high temperature and high pressure environment the inconsistent of both coefficients of expansion, causes loosening leakage of oil.The physical dimension of atomizer, crudy are very big on the impact of atomization quality, it should attach great importance to.The place of every oil stream process, as tangential hole (9), spin chamber (10), spray orifice (11) to reach higher fineness, spin chamber (10), spray orifice (11) should be concentric, tangential hole (9) should be cut in spin chamber (10), and each key dimension is not to be exceeded the margin of tolerance of regulation.

2, tangential hole (9) quantity should be uniform more than 2.Uniform tangential hole (9) sectional area summation, not should be greater than the summation of oil input channel (3,6) sectional area.The reasonable quantity of tangential hole (9) is more, makes fuel oil be evenly distributed along spin chamber (10), is conducive to obtaining good atomization quality.But, tangential hole (9) quantity is too many, makes troubles to processing.And, when tangential hole (9) is too many, the sectional area in each hole is relatively little, easily blocks during operation, and the improvement of atomization quality is also little, is generally advisable with 3～6.The length of tangential hole (9) can not be too short, too short, and fuel oil can be directly entered spray orifice (11), can not form eddy flow.The hole count of tangential hole (9), length, diameter, flow, flow velocity and peripheral jet angle, spin chamber (10) diameter, spray orifice (11) diameter, needle lift (14), these key elements collectively constitute flow characteristics, and participate in adjusting the intensity controlling eddy flow, can mate according to the circulating fuel injection quantity of engine power, chamber structure, distribution mode.

3, tangential hole (9) sprays triangular angular and levelness, seat surface (16) tapering of spin chamber (10), the geometry of spray orifice (11) and actual internal area, needle lift (14), spout (12) injection guiding angle (21) interact, and are collectively forming different spray cone angles (22).

4, tangential hole (9) is according to processing method and needs, it is possible to be circular, it is also possible to be square or oval.Tangential hole (9) peripheral jet angle clockwise or counterclockwise, eddy flow direction, should adjust according to distribution mode.The level angle that tangential hole (9) sprays should be close with the angle of needle-valve (5) seat surface (16), to reduce the frontal impact of part fuel oil that tangential hole (9) sprays and needle-valve (5) seat surface (16).

5, the tapering of tapering=spin chamber (10) seat surface (17) of needle-valve (5) seat surface (16), to ensure the closing precision of both cooperations of needle-valve (5) seat surface (16), spin chamber (10) seat surface (17), reduce the space of residual fuel oil as far as possible.

6, fuel oil has started to cracking in spin chamber (10), and has the gas of minimum ratio to participate in mixing.Owing to fuel oil will through tangential hole (9), spin chamber (10) eddy flow, injection time should somewhat shift to an earlier date.

7, the atomization method according to the combustion characteristics of HCCI and this atomizer, atomizer should as far as possible in combustor top set design placed in the middle, and the umbrella oil film spray fan carrying out high speed rotating guides, it is to avoid " wet wall ".Run through rate >=1, it is prevented that flame is " locked " in central area, causes incomplete combustion.

8, the First Transition cambered surface (18) of throttling guiding cone (13) is the cylinder vertical direction toward impact of the tangential swirl in order to avoid tangential hole (9) and throttling guiding cone (13), forms a small amount of bounce-back.If not adopting First Transition cambered surface (18), it should shorten spray orifice (11) length, but spray orifice (11) abrasion can be made like that to accelerate.

9, consider single Injection strategy be more suitable for HCCI high compression ratio, at a high speed, the situation of high load capacity operating mode, it is possible to without Multi-pulse injection, therefore in figure, tangential hole (9) only depicts one group.Owing to power of IC engine difference is very big, for the middle-size and small-size high-speed internal combustion engine that need not spray in advance, one group of tangential hole (9) can meet needs.For needing the high-power low-speed internal combustion engine of pre-spray and main jet, two groups of tangential holes (9) are likely to proper.Tangential hole (9) according to the needs of pre-spray, twice injection of main jet, can carry out upper and lower two groups of Overlap designs.Be spray in advance near one group of low discharge tangential hole (9) of spray orifice, above one group of big flow tangential hole (9) be main jet.Strengthen needle-valve (5) lift simultaneously, extend injecting time, successively open upper and lower two groups of tangential holes (9), it is achieved twice injection.

Claims (3)

1. for the centrifugal conical-spray oil nozzle of internal combustion engine and turbine and turboaxle motor, it is characterized in that: needle-valve body has hole, location (2 on (1), 7), lining (4) is had in needle-valve body (1), needle-valve (5), oil input channel (3, 6), pressure chamber (8), tangential hole (9), spin chamber (10), second transition cambered surface (19), spray orifice (11), spout (12), one group of tangential hole (9) that fuel oil can be made to produce rotary motion is had between pressure chamber (8) and spin chamber (10), needle-valve (5) head has First Transition cambered surface (18), throttling guiding cone (13), there is the second transition cambered surface (19) lining (4) spray orifice (11) position, adjust the radian of First Transition cambered surface (18) and the second transition cambered surface (19), the injection pilot angle (21) of throttling guiding cone (13) spout (12) position and the spray cone angle (22) of the hollow of lining (4) spout (12) position rotation can be controlled, needle-valve (5) seat surface (16) coordinates with spin chamber (10) seat surface (17), can close, open spray orifice (11).

2. centrifugal conical-spray oil nozzle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the second transition cambered surface (19), spout (12), lining (4), oil input channel (3,6), pressure chamber (8), tangential hole (9), spin chamber (10), spray orifice (11) are integrated, lining (4) and needle-valve body (1) interference fit, tangential hole (9) can be circular, square or oval, and the peripheral jet angle of tangential hole (9), eddy flow direction can adjust clockwise or counterclockwise according to distribution mode.

3. centrifugal conical-spray oil nozzle according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the adjustment of spout (12) diameter (15), control oil film thickness can be adjusted, the adjustment of the ring section (20) in spray orifice (11) gap between the internal diameter of the external diameter of throttling guiding cone (13) First Transition cambered surface (18) lining (4) second transition cambered surface (19) corresponding thereto, it is possible to control circulating fuel injection quantity size.