CN103385377B - Feed capable of reducing Yanan pig back-fat thickness and improving Yanan pig lean meat deposition rate - Google Patents
Feed capable of reducing Yanan pig back-fat thickness and improving Yanan pig lean meat deposition rate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed capable of reducing Yanan pig back-fat thickness and improving Yanan pig lean meat deposition rate. The feed comprises following components in percentage by weight: 55 to 75% of starch type feed, 15 to 20% of protein feed, 1 to 3% of grease, 8 to 15% of fiber feed, 1 to 5% of composite mineral elements and 0.3 to 0.6% of vitamin composite. Through years of practice, researches on nutrition requirement of Yanan pigs, nutrition and meat quality, and exploitation and utilization of novel feed resources, the components and ratio of the Yanan pig feed are scientifically adjusted, so that the utilization rate of the feed is increased, the immunity ability and the health conditions of the Yanan pigs are improved, the back-fat thickness of the Yanna pigs is reduced, and the protein deposition rate and lean meat ratio of the Yanan pigs are increased. Thus the Yanan pork has the advantages of tenderness, redness, and fresh and delicious taste, and the economic efficiency of the breeders is prominently increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of feed reducing Persia nanmu thickness of fat and improve Persia nanmu lean pork deposition.
Background technology
Persia nanmu pig is Chinese Famous local black pig kind, is listed in the first batch " Animal Genetic Resources in China register ", is one of main local pig breed of Sichuan mountain country's raising.Because Persia nanmu pig kind has crude feed tolerance, resistance, moisture resistant, premunition are strong, and meat is fine and smooth delicious, unsaturated fatty acid content advantages of higher, dark liking by wide farmers and consumer.But because its lean meat percentage is low, less than 40%, fat rate reaches more than 35%, make meat yield and culture benefit not high, seriously limit reservation and the utilization of Persia nanmu pig high-quality genetic resources.
In recent years, rapidly, spy is strain breeding, crossing performance and the extensive use of supporting breeding technology in production practices, makes Swine Production level achieve unprecedented achievement in Swine Production development.As growing-finishing pig food utilization efficiency than 50 years before be doubled above, the rate of animals delivered to the slaughter-house brings up to more than 150% from about 50%, and lean meat percentage has brought up to more than 60% from about 40%.But, due to the shortage about Persia nanmu pig nutrition technique and feed-formulating technique investigation and application, production completes nutrition parameters with reference to external pig kind or other local pig kinds to carry out feed formulation, cause feed Middle nutrition element fully can not meet the growth needs of Persia nanmu pig, fully excavate and play the excellent characteristics such as the strong and delicious meat of the crude feed tolerance of Persia nanmu pig, premunition, cause the significant wastage of feed resource and human resources simultaneously, the development of the excellent pig kind of serious threat and utilization, affect the economic benefit of raiser.
For this reason, supply comprehensive nutrition, the feed that ratio is suitable can promote Persia nanmu pig growth and development, exploitation all feeds resource; reduce feed cost; thus promote the sound development of Persia nanmu pig, the excellent local genetic germplasm resource of Conservation and development China, improve the key measure of fanning economics.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose one and can give full play to the features such as the strong and meat of Persia nanmu pig crude feed tolerance, premunition is good, make full use of feed resource, improve food utilization efficiency, produce higher, the fine and tender taste of lean meat percentage, yellowish pink is red, smell is delicious Persia nanmu pork, the remarkable in economical benefits of remarkable increase raiser, possesses good competitive advantage and market development distant view.
In order to achieve the above object, invention has been and study widely, by exploring the adding proportion of the different corn of diet, bitter buckwheat, oat, rye, change daily ration amino acid levels and pattern, regulate daily ration unrighted acid and saturated fatty acid ratio, vitamin, trace element and feed addictive are carried out to proportioning and the combination of science, and scientific and reasonable utilize all feeds resource, thus realize above-mentioned purpose.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of raising reduces Persia nanmu thickness of fat and the feed improving Persia nanmu lean pork deposition, being made up of corn, bitter buckwheat, oat, rye, dregs of beans, fermented soybean dregs, synthesizing amino acid, vegetable fat, animal fat, Alfalfa, white clover, Hemarthria compressa, tealeaves, purple perilla, vitamin and mineral element, forming by being pulverized and mixed.
The object of the invention is to adopt following technical proposals to realize:
Reduce a feed for Persia nanmu thickness of fat and raising Persia nanmu lean pork deposition, mass percent consists of: starch based feed accounts for 55-75%, and protein feeds accounts for 15-20%, grease accounts for 1-3%, fiber feedstuff accounts for 8-15%, and complex mineral element accounts for 1-5%, and vitamin complex accounts for 0.3-0.6%.
Described feed, described starch based feed is made up of corn, bitter buckwheat, oat and rye, and with described feed total weight, wherein corn accounts for 32-63%, and bitter buckwheat accounts for 5-10%, and oat accounts for 5-10%, and rye accounts for 2-4%.
Described feed, described protein feeds is made up of dregs of beans, fermented soybean dregs, synthesizing amino acid, with described feed total weight, dregs of beans accounts for 12-16%, fermented soybean dregs accounts for 1-3%, synthesizing amino acid 1-2%, wherein lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine part by weight are: 100:50-60:58-72:16-25:95-105:50-60.
Described feed, described grease, wherein vegetable fat and animal fat part by weight are 3-5:1, and the ratio of unrighted acid and saturated fatty acid is 1.5-3:1;
Described feed, described fiber feedstuff is made up of Alfalfa, white clover, Hemarthria compressa, tealeaves, purple perilla, with described feed total weight, wherein Alfalfa accounts for 3-6%, and white clover accounts for 2-6%, and Hemarthria compressa accounts for 2-4%, tealeaves accounts for 0.5-2%, and purple perilla accounts for 0.5-1.5%.
Described vitamin group is made up of one or more of vitamin C, VA, VE, folic acid and other vitamin and forms.
Described complex mineral element is calcium, phosphorus, iron, selenium, copper, manganese, zinc, sodium etc. combine with one or more of organic form and inorganic form.
Described starch based feed: as main energy feed.Corn can be Persia nanmu pig and provides energy, and be that animal sustains life and the main cost-effective energy supply material of activity in production, its metabolite glucose is the main energy sources of the metabolism such as cerebral nervous system, muscle, adipose tissue.And bitter buckwheat can be animal provides energy source on the one hand, it is rich in fiber, rutin, chlorophyll, oleic acid and linoleic acid, nicotinic acid and VE on the other hand, this is for reducing Persia nanmu thickness of fat, improves muscle fat acid composition, improves meat quality and provide sound assurance; And oat is rich in water-soluble dietary fiber, has and increase the full sense of animal, promote intestinal microecology balance, and then reduce Persia nanmu thickness of fat and improve body health situation; Rye contains rich in protein, lysine and fiber, can promote that body protein deposits, and improves lean meat percentage, and rye is rich in VE, selenium and the forulic acid in a large number with anti-oxidation function simultaneously, obviously can improve meat quality.
Described protein feeds: according to Persia nanmu pig physiological characteristic and nutritional need in the present invention, reduces Different Dietary Protein Levels; Simultaneously by adding synthesizing amino acid level and ratio, and then greatly promote myofibrillar growth, thus increase proteins deposited, improve lean meat percentage; Effectively can reduce generation due to the PSE meat that stress cause before butchering by adding synthesizing amino acid simultaneously.
Described fat: for Persia nanmu pig provides energy, forms the effect of body tissue and bioactivator.Unrighted acid can increase synthesis and the secretion of the hormones such as growth hormone, thyroxine, adrenaline, promotes protein synthesis; Simultaneously adjustable expression with fat metabolism relative enzyme gene, the propagation of adipocyte and the mode such as differentiation and adjustment cholesterol transport amount vector is regulated to regulate lipid metabolism, thus reduce fat deposition in animal body, improve lean meat percentage and carcass quality, improve meat quality, pig flesh flavor has important function; Assist the absorption of liposoluble vitamin simultaneously, improve body's immunity, oxidation resistance and meat.
Described fiber feedstuff: fibrous feedstuff resource fully can meet the physiological requirements of Persia nanmu pig on the one hand, gives full play to the characteristic of its crude feed tolerance, promotes the enteron aisle dimension ecological balance, gets rid of internal metabolism toxin, and then maintain enteron aisle and body health; On the other hand, white clover is rich in coumestrol, tocopherol, saponin, genistein etc., has the effect of phytoestrogen sample and anti-oxidant and function that is scavenging free radicals, for adjustment organism endocrine stable state, improve the oxidation resistance of pork, improving meat has effect; And tealeaves is local selected green tea, the adjustable body lipid-metabolism of alkaloids substance contained by it, reduce Persia nanmu thickness of fat, the contained a large amount of vitamin C with anti-oxidation function, Tea Polyphenols, meat quality can be improved, contained tea polysaccharide etc. can improve the health status of pig, is conducive to growing.
Under modern cultivating condition, pig is made to face multiple nutrients and environmental stress.Improve the level of VD, VE and VB in the present invention, add the use of VC, in conventional feed, we do not use VC.And in the practice that we are long-term, we find under the modernization cultivating condition facing multiple stress factor, for producing high-quality meat pig, Persia nanmu pig needs higher vitamin level, we with the addition of VC50-200ppm, VE is 80-120ppm, VD is 120-200IU/kg, biotin 200-550ug/kg, other be conventional levels, such vitamin composition, the function strengthening immunity of organisms, regulate the synthesis of bioactivator and metabolism, prevent and slow down Animal stress to react, thus effectively improve meat quality and local flavor.Meanwhile, Organic Iron, Organic Selenium, Organic Chromium, organic-magnesium effectively can promote protein metabolism, thus increase proteins deposited, improve meat quality.
The present invention is through putting into practice for many years, by studying Persia nanmu pig nutritional requirements, nutrition and meat, and the development and utilization to novel fodder resource, the carrying out of Persia nanmu pig feed composition and ratio is adjusted, improves food utilization efficiency, improve Persia nanmu pig immunocompetence and health status, reduce Persia nanmu thickness of fat, improve proteins deposited efficiency and lean meat percentage, make the delicacy of Persia nanmu Meat, yellowish pink is red, smell is delicious, significantly increase the economic benefit of raiser.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Prepared by embodiment 1 feed
Persia nanmu pig feed precentagewise: starch based feed accounts for 74.7%, and protein feeds accounts for 15%, and grease accounts for 1%, and fiber feedstuff accounts for 8%, mineral element compound accounts for 1%, and vitamin complex accounts for 0.3%, is made into complete feed.
Starch based feed consists of: corn 62.7%+ bitter buckwheat 5%+ oat 5%+ rye 2%;
Protein feeds consists of: dregs of beans 13%+ fermented soybean dregs 1%+ synthesizing amino acid 1%, wherein lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine ratio are: 100:50:58:16:95:50, and synthetic lysine addition is not less than 0.2%.
Grease Pitch-based sphere is 1%, and wherein vegetable fat and animal fat ratio are 3:1, and the ratio of unrighted acid and saturated fatty acid is 1.5:1;
Fiber feedstuff feed components is: Alfalfa 3.5%+ white clover 2%+ Hemarthria compressa 2%+0.5% tealeaves+0.5% purple perilla.
In vitamin complex, the addition of each vitamin is: vitamin A 5%, Catergen %, VD1.5%, VE0.2%, biotin 0.3%, choline 1%, folic acid 0.2%, vitaminB10 .1%, vitamin B2 0.5%, and all the other are carrier, and carrier is universal support.
The adding proportion of each mineral element of mineral element compound is: calcium carbonate 18%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 6%, copper sulfate monohydrate 2%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.5%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 1.8%, Organic Iron (20%) 3%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate 1%, Organic Selenium (0.5%) 0.05%, sodium selenite (0.45%) 0.05%, KI 0.01%, magnesium acetate 2%, chromium picolinate 0.3%, all the other are carrier, and carrier is universal support.
Prepared by embodiment 2 feed
Persia nanmu pig feed precentagewise: starch based feed accounts for 64.5%, and protein feeds accounts for 18%, and grease accounts for 2%, and fiber feedstuff accounts for 12%, mineral element compound accounts for 3%, and vitamin complex accounts for 0.5%, is made into complete feed.
Starch based feed consists of: corn 45.5%+ bitter buckwheat 8%+ oat 8%+ rye 3%;
Protein feeds consists of: dregs of beans 14%+ fermented soybean dregs 2.5%+ synthesizing amino acid 1.5%, wherein lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine ratio are: 100:55:65:20:100:55, and synthetic lysine addition is not less than 0.2%.
Grease Pitch-based sphere is 2%, and wherein vegetable fat and animal fat ratio are 4:1, and the ratio of unrighted acid and saturated fatty acid is 2:1;
Fiber feedstuff feed components is: Alfalfa 4%+ white clover 4%+ Hemarthria compressa 2%+1% tealeaves+1% purple perilla.
In vitamin complex, the addition of each vitamin is: vitamin A 6.5%, vitamin C 3%, VD2%, VE0.35%, biotin 0.5%, choline 2%, folic acid 0.35%, vitaminB10 .3%, vitamin B2 1.0%, and all the other are carrier, and carrier is universal support.
The adding proportion of each mineral element of mineral element compound is: calcium carbonate 20%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 8%, copper sulfate monohydrate 3%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.65%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 2.0%, Organic Iron (20%) 4%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate 1.5%, Organic Selenium (0.5%) 0.07%, sodium selenite (0.45%) 0.07%, KI 0.02%, magnesium acetate 2.5%, chromium picolinate 0.6%, all the other are carrier, and carrier is universal support.
Prepared by embodiment 3 feed
Persia nanmu pig feed precentagewise: starch based feed accounts for 56.4%, and protein feeds accounts for 20%, and grease accounts for 3%, and fiber feedstuff accounts for 15%, mineral element compound accounts for 5%, and vitamin complex accounts for 0.6%, is made into complete feed.
Starch based feed consists of: corn 32.4%+ bitter buckwheat 10%+ oat 10%+ rye 4%;
Protein feeds consists of: dregs of beans 15%+ fermented soybean dregs 3%+ synthesizing amino acid 2%, wherein lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine ratio are: 100:60:72:25:105:60, and synthetic lysine addition is not less than 0.2%.
Grease Pitch-based sphere is 3%, and wherein vegetable fat and animal fat ratio are 5:1, and the ratio of unrighted acid and saturated fatty acid is 3:1;
Fiber feedstuff feed components is: Alfalfa 4.5%+ white clover 5%+ Hemarthria compressa 2%+ tealeaves 2%+ purple perilla 1.5%.
In vitamin complex, the addition of each vitamin is: vitamin A 8%, vitamin C 4%, VD3%, VE0.5%, biotin 0.7%, choline 3%, folic acid 0.5%, vitaminB10 .5%, vitamin B2 1.5%, and all the other are carrier, and carrier is universal support.
The adding proportion of each mineral element of mineral element compound is: calcium carbonate 22%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 10%, copper sulfate monohydrate 4%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.8%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 2.2%, Organic Iron (20%) 5%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate 2%, Organic Selenium (0.5%) 0.09%, sodium selenite (0.45%) 0.09%, KI 0.03%, magnesium acetate 3%, chromium picolinate 1%, all the other are carrier, and carrier is universal support.
Embodiment 4 DIFFERENT FEED material combination is on the impact of Persia nanmu thickness of fat and meat
In order to verify the feeding effect of the present invention to Persia nanmu pig, of the present invention group of personnel have carried out the feeding experiment of two growth cycles in May, 2012 and in September, 2012 respectively at 3 plants in Sichuan, and the Persia nanmu pig participating in test reaches 660.Test adopts single factor experiment design, and selection blood relationship, the Persia nanmu pig 660 that age in days is close, be divided into 4 process, and high spot reviews is on the impact of carcass quality, meat and local flavor, and concrete process is as follows: control group is that routine growth fattens pig feed; Experimental group presses above-mentioned formulated, for being respectively experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and experimental group 3, and the feed of corresponding embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 respectively.The thickness of backfat and lean meat percentage are the important carcass traits of pig, and yellowish pink, meat pH value, marble grain, drip loss are all the important criterions of meat quality.
Table 1 feed of the present invention and routine growth fatten the impact of pig feed on Persia nanmu pig production performance and meat
| Index | Control group | Experimental group 1 | Experimental group 2 | Experimental group 3 |
| The P2 thickness of backfat (CM) | 4.64 | 3.22** | 3.48** | 3.35** |
| Lean meat percentage (%) | 38 | 43.8** | 44.5** | 44.1** |
| Color and luster (i) | 9.5 | 10.0* | 10.2* | 10.3* |
| Muscle pH45min | 6.73 | 6.43 | 6.53 | 6.48 |
| pH24h | 5.39 | 5.54 | 5.51 | 5.56 |
| Marble grain | 2.03 | 2.35* | 2.42* | 2.47* |
| 24h drip loss (%) | 2.65 | 2.42 | 2.36 | 2.44 |
| 72h drip loss (%) | 5.42 | 4.68* | 4.74* | 4.79* |
Note: compare with control group, * P < 0.05, * * P < 0.01.
Shown by above result of the test, feed of the present invention of feeding can obviously reduce Persia nanmu thickness of fat, improves lean meat percentage, improves yellowish pink and marble grain, reduces drip loss, reaches the requirement of product design.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improve and convert the protection domain that all should belong to claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the feed reducing Persia nanmu thickness of fat and improve Persia nanmu lean pork deposition, it is characterized in that, mass percent consists of: starch based feed accounts for 55-75%, protein feeds accounts for 15-20%, grease accounts for 1-3%, fiber feedstuff 8-15%, complex mineral element 1-5%, vitamin complex 0.3-0.6%, above-mentioned raw materials mass percent sum is 100%; Described starch based feed is made up of corn, bitter buckwheat, oat and rye, and with described feed total weight, wherein corn accounts for 32-63%, and bitter buckwheat accounts for 5-10%, and oat accounts for 5-10%, and rye accounts for 2-4%; Described protein feeds is made up of dregs of beans, fermented soybean dregs, synthesizing amino acid, with described feed total weight, dregs of beans accounts for 12-16%, fermented soybean dregs accounts for 1-3%, synthesizing amino acid 1-2%, wherein lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine part by weight are: 100:50-60:58-72:16-25:95-105:50-60; Described fiber feedstuff is made up of Alfalfa, white clover, Hemarthria compressa, tealeaves, purple perilla, and with described feed total weight, wherein Alfalfa accounts for 3-6%, and white clover accounts for 2-6%, and Hemarthria compressa accounts for 2-4%, and tealeaves accounts for 0.5-2%, and purple perilla accounts for 0.5-1.5%.
2. feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described grease, and wherein vegetable fat and animal fat part by weight are 3-5:1, and the ratio of unrighted acid and saturated fatty acid is 1.5-3:1.
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103609855B (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-04-15 | 漳州傲农牧业科技有限公司 | Pig feed additive capable of improving lean meat rate |
| CN104161220B (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2016-08-24 | 上海新农饲料股份有限公司 | A kind of swine feed utilizing pig suitably energy nitrogen ratio reduction back-fat thickness and preparation method thereof |
| CN104286479B (en) * | 2014-09-27 | 2018-05-22 | 江西农业大学 | A kind of concentrated feed and its preparation and application for being used to improve snowflakes beef content in beef cattle |
| CN105941843A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-09-21 | 蚌埠市远大秸杆专业合作社 | Concentrated poultry and livestock feed prepared by using dough-stage corn kernels |
| CN106562038B (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2020-10-13 | 云南大北农饲料科技有限公司 | Functional feed for improving pork quality |
| CN108522837A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-09-14 | 徐玉玉 | A kind of muscle type pig feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN112841439A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-05-28 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Feed for improving growth performance and meat quality of Huanjiang fragrant pigs and feeding method |
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