CN103383404A - Current measuring circuit - Google Patents
Current measuring circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN103383404A CN103383404A CN2013102779966A CN201310277996A CN103383404A CN 103383404 A CN103383404 A CN 103383404A CN 2013102779966 A CN2013102779966 A CN 2013102779966A CN 201310277996 A CN201310277996 A CN 201310277996A CN 103383404 A CN103383404 A CN 103383404A
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- integrating
- current
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0023—Measuring currents or voltages from sources with high internal resistance by means of measuring circuits with high input impedance, e.g. OP-amplifiers
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a current measuring circuit which comprises an integral circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a processor unit and an on-off control circuit. The integral circuit converts an input current signal to be measured into a voltage signal, the analog-to-digital conversion circuit converts the voltage signal into a digital signal, and the processor unit is used for controlling the current measuring circuit and calculating the value of the input current signal according to data transmitted by the analog-to-digital conversion circuit. The integral circuit comprises an operational amplifier and a feedback network. The operational amplifier is provided with the inverted input end, the positive phase input end and the output end. One end of the feedback network is connected with the inverted input end, the other end of the feedback network is connected with the output end, and the positive phase input end is connected with the ground. The feedback network comprises a first feedback circuit and a second feedback circuit connected with the first feedback circuit in parallel. The on-off control circuit is used for switching the first feedback circuit and the second feedback circuit under the control of the processor unit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of current measurement circuit, relate in particular to a kind of metering circuit that can be used for measuring in real time the great dynamic range weak current.
Background technology
When surveying radioactive ray (such as γ, β ray, neutron etc.) and other feeble signal (such as the low light level, little vibration etc.), be generally all first to utilize suitable detector to be converted into faint electric current, then weak current is amplified and measures.When surveying feeble signal, the dynamic range of the weak current of detector output is sometimes very large.Such as, when with ionization chamber, gamma-rays being measured, the scope of the current signal of ionization chamber output can reach 10
-14A～10
-6A belongs to the category of weak current.The weak current metering circuit is not only wanted and can be measured the weak current of great dynamic range like this, also need to have volume little, the characteristics such as can measure in real time, consist of the feeble signal measurement mechanism thereby can integrate with detector.Common reometer can't satisfy above-mentioned requirements, generally needs the special weak current metering circuit of design just may reach above-mentioned requirements.
At present, mainly contain the measuring method of two kinds of weak currents: across resistance method and integrating capacitor method.Normally the feedback resistance of the different resistances by adopting one or more parallel connections converts low current signal to voltage signal across the resistance method, then, by analog to digital conversion (ADC) circuit, voltage signal is converted into digital signal.Yet to the having relatively high expectations of feedback resistance, amplifier and whole system antijamming capability, and the detection of weak current is subjected to the restriction of feedback resistance self resistance across the resistance method, thus more difficult measurement 10
-15To 10
-13The atomic weak current of A.The integrating capacitor method can be used for detecting with respect to across the fainter current signal of resistance method.The integrating capacitor method is by in the electric capacity upper integral, low current signal being converted into voltage signal, then calculating current value by the change in voltage of adc circuit measuring unit in the time.The integrating capacitor method can be measured atomic weak electric current by improving Measuring Time, but the integrating capacitor method is subjected to the restriction of capacitance, and is limited to the measurement range of weak current, and the response time is slow.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, necessaryly provide a kind of current measurement circuit that can measure the great dynamic range weak current.
A kind of current measurement circuit, comprise integrating circuit, analog to digital conversion circuit, processor unit and ON-OFF control circuit, described integrating circuit is converted into voltage signal with input current signal to be measured, analog-digital conversion circuit as described is converted to digital signal with described voltage signal, the value that described processor unit is used for controlling this current measurement circuit and calculates the current signal of input according to the data of analog-digital conversion circuit as described transmission; Described integrating circuit comprises an operational amplifier and a feedback network, described operational amplifier has an inverting input, a normal phase input end and an output terminal, the described feedback network one described inverting input of termination, the described output terminal of another termination, described positive input end grounding; Described feedback network comprises the first feedback circuit and second feedback circuit in parallel with this first feedback circuit, and described the first feedback circuit comprises a feedback resistance and first switch of connecting with this feedback resistance; Described the second feedback circuit comprises an integrating capacitor, second switch and one the 3rd switch, described integrating capacitor is connected with described second switch, described integrating capacitor and circuit and described the 3rd switch in parallel after second switch is connected, described ON-OFF control circuit controls to switch described the first feedback circuit and the second feedback circuit by described processor unit.
With respect to prior art, the embodiment of the present invention is measured electric current by the mode that in integrating circuit, described integrating capacitor and feedback resistance is combined, because described integrating capacitor can be carried out integration to fainter electric current, by measuring the rate of change of integral voltage, can calculate current signal value to be measured.Utilize feedback resistance can measure larger weak current, thereby realized the real-time measurement of great dynamic range weak current, current measurement circuit of the present invention can be measured the great dynamic range electric current of 1fA～1 μ A in real time.
Description of drawings
The theory diagram of the current measurement circuit that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
The circuit diagram of the current measurement circuit that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
The main element symbol description
| Integrating circuit | U1 |
| Analog to digital conversion circuit | U2 |
| Processor unit | U3 |
| ON-OFF control circuit | U4 |
| Pre-integrating circuit | U5 |
| Temperature sensor circuit | U6 |
| Digital interface circuit | U7 |
| Operational amplifier | A |
| Feedback resistance | R f |
| Transmission resistance | R p |
| The first switch | S 1 |
| Second switch | S 2 |
| The 3rd switch | S 3 |
| The 4th switch | S 4 |
| Integrating capacitor | C i |
| Pre-integrating capacitor | C p |
Following embodiment further illustrates the present invention in connection with above-mentioned accompanying drawing.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments current measurement circuit provided by the invention is described in further detail.
See also Fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of current measurement circuit, and this current measurement circuit can be measured the great dynamic range electric current of 1fA～1 μ A in real time.This current measurement circuit comprises an integrating circuit U1, analog to digital conversion (ADC) circuit U 2, processor unit U3 and ON-OFF control circuit U4.Described integrating circuit U1 is with the current signal I of input
inBe converted into voltage signal, described adc circuit U2 is converted into digital signal with described voltage signal and imports described processor unit U3 into, and described processor unit U3 receives described digital signal union and draws described current signal I
inSize.
See also Fig. 2, described integrating circuit U1 further comprises an operational amplifier A and a feedback network.
Described operational amplifier A has an inverting input (-), a normal phase input end (+) and an output terminal (Vo).Described current signal I to be detected
inFrom described inverting input input, described positive input end grounding.The inverting input of the one described operational amplifier A of termination of described feedback network, the output terminal of the described operational amplifier A of another termination.
Described operational amplifier A can be chosen the imported operational amplifier of the lower FET of leakage current, and described leakage current is pacified (pA) less than 1 skin.The model of operational amplifier A described in the invention process is AD549.
Described feedback network comprises one first feedback circuit and second feedback circuit in parallel with described the first feedback circuit.Described the first feedback circuit comprises a feedback resistance R
fAnd with this feedback resistance R
fThe first switch S of series connection
1This feedback resistance R
fResistance can be 100K to 100M.The R of feedback resistance described in the embodiment of the present invention
fResistance be 10M.This first feedback circuit can be used to measure the larger weak current of current value.In embodiments of the present invention, this first feedback circuit can be measured the electric current greater than 1nA.In addition, described feedback network can comprise the first feedback circuit of a plurality of parallel connections, the feedback resistance R in these a plurality of first feedback circuits
fResistance value different, thereby can realize the measurement of different range ability current signals.
Described the second feedback circuit comprises an integrating capacitor C
i, second switch S
2, and the 3rd switch S
3Described integrating capacitor C
iWith described second switch S
2Series connection, described integrating capacitor C
iWith described second switch S
2The series connection after with described the 3rd switch S
3In parallel.Described second switch S
2Be used for controlling the disconnection of this second feedback circuit with closed.Described the 3rd switch S
3Be used for controlling described integrating capacitor C
iThe bleed off of the electric charge of upper accumulation.Preferably, this integrating capacitor C
iAppearance value scope be 1pF to 1000pF.The C of integrating capacitor described in the embodiment of the present invention
iCapacitance be 50pF.This second feedback circuit can be used to measure the weak current of current value less.In embodiments of the present invention, this second feedback circuit can be measured the electric current less than 10nA.
Described adc circuit U2 is used for the voltage signal of described integrating circuit U1 output is converted to digital signal.Particularly, this adc circuit U2 can be to described integrating capacitor C
iThe integral voltage of upper accumulation and feedback resistance R
fOn voltage gather and change into digital signal.Described adc circuit can be realized by an ADC chip.Adc circuit described in the embodiment of the present invention adopts 24 ∑-Δ type ADC chips.
Described ON-OFF control circuit U4 can be used to switch described the first feedback circuit and the second feedback circuit to realize the real-time detection of current signal in different range abilities.Particularly, described ON-OFF control circuit U4 is used for controlling described the first switch S
1, second switch S
2And the 3rd switch S
3Closed and disconnected.Described the first switch S
1, second switch S
2And the 3rd switch S
3Be the switch of high-insulativity.Described the first switch S
1, second switch S
2And the 3rd switch S
3Insulation resistance be not less than 10
12
Further, described current measurement circuit comprises a pre-integrating circuit U5, and this pre-integrating circuit U5 can be at described integrating capacitor C
iCome the current signal I to input in the process of bleed off electric charge
inCarry out integration, thus the dead time that can avoid this current measurement circuit that current detecting is existed, with the purpose of the electric current that reaches the described input of real-time detection.
This pre-integrating circuit U5 comprises a pre-integrating capacitor C
p, the transmission resistance R
pAnd the 4th switch S
4Described pre-integrating capacitor C
pAn end ground connection, the described transmission resistance R of another termination
pDescribed the 4th switch S
4The one described transmission resistance R of termination
p, the other end is the output terminal of this pre-integrating circuit U5, connects the input end of described integrating circuit U1, particularly, connects the inverting input of described operational amplifier A.
Described pre-integrating capacitor C
pAppearance value scope be 1pF to 10nF.Described the 4th switch S
4Switch for high-insulativity.Described the 4th switch S
4Insulation resistance be not less than 10
12Described the 4th switch S
4Controlled by described ON-OFF control circuit U4.
Integrating capacitor C in described integrating circuit U1
iDuring the bleed off electric charge, described the 4th switch S
4Disconnect the current signal I of input
inAt described pre-integrating capacitor C
pUpper integral.After described integrating circuit U1 completes the electric charge bleed off, described the 4th switch S
4Closure, described pre-integrating capacitor C
pThe electric charge of upper accumulation is through described transmission resistance R
pDischarge, flow to integrating circuit U1, then gather by described adc circuit U2 and processor unit U3 and calculate acquisition current signal size, thereby can solve the problem that there is the dead time in traditional integrating capacitor method.Be appreciated that when not considering the dead time that described integrating circuit U1 bleed off electric charge causes, described pre-integrating circuit U5 is an optional element in this current measurement circuit.When described current measurement circuit does not comprise described pre-integrating circuit U5, current signal I to be detected
inBe directly inputted in described integrating circuit U1, in the embodiment of the present invention, described current signal I to be detected
inDirectly input by the inverting input of described operational amplifier A.
Described processor unit U3 is used for controlling described ON-OFF control circuit U4, reads the data of described adc circuit U2 output terminal and processes in real time the current signal I that obtains input
inMeasurement result.Described processor unit U3 can be the Programmadle logic device, as microcontroller, microprocessor or FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array).This programmable logic device (PLD) can be completed the real-time processing of the control and measurement result of measurement automatically, draws the final measurement of input current.The U3 of processor unit described in the embodiment of the present invention adopts described microcontroller implementation.
Described current measurement circuit can further comprise a temperature sensor circuit U6, be used for to gather environment temperature, with to current signal I
inMeasurement result proofread and correct, thereby improve the measuring accuracy of this current measurement circuit.Described temperature sensor circuit U6 can realize by temperature sensor and the metering circuit that is connected with this temperature sensor.Described temperature sensor can be thermistor.In addition, described temperature sensor circuit U6 also can adopt the temperature survey integrated chip to realize.The environment temperature that described temperature sensor circuit U6 gathers is transferred to described processor unit U3 and proofreaies and correct.
Described current measurement circuit can comprise further that a digital interface circuit U7 is used for described current signal I
inMeasurement result be transferred to other electronic equipments and record, analyze or show in real time.Particularly, described digital interface circuit U7 can pass through mode and other electronic equipment communications of Ethernet, usb communication or serial communication.This electronic equipment can be computing machine, liquid crystal display or charactron.
The course of work of this current measurement circuit is as follows: at first, described the second feedback circuit is started working, i.e. described second switch S
2And the 4th switch S
4Closure, described the first switch S
1And the 3rd switch S 3 disconnect, described current signal I to be detected
inAt described integrating capacitor C
iUpper integral produces integral voltage, and described adc circuit U2 changes into digital data transmission with described integral voltage and processes acquisition current signal I to described processor unit U3
inMeasurement result.When current signal I being detected
inValue excessive (that is, the current signal value that measures approaches or exceed the higher limit of the current signal that described the second feedback circuit can record itself) time, described the second feedback circuit quits work, described the first feedback circuit is started working, i.e. described the first switch S
1With the 4th switch S
4Closure, described second switch S
2With the 3rd switch S
3Disconnect the current signal I of described input
inBy at described feedback resistance R
fThe voltage of upper generation detects its current signal I
inSize.Similarly, as described processor unit U3 acquisition current signal I
inHour, namely, during the lower limit of the range of current that the current signal value that measures approaches or can measure less than described the first feedback circuit, described processor unit U3 switches described the first feedback circuit and carries out the detection of current signal to described the second feedback circuit again.Thereby can detect accurately in real time the current signal value in great dynamic range.
When described the second feedback circuit work, the current signal I of input
inAt described integrating capacitor C
iUpper integral produces integral voltage, when this integral voltage surpasses this integrating capacitor C
iThreshold value the time, second switch S
2With S
3Closed simultaneously, the 4th switch S
4Disconnect, make this integrating capacitor C
iCarry out the electric charge bleed off.The current signal I of input this moment
inAt described pre-integrating capacitor C
pUpper integral is as described integrating capacitor C
iAfter the electric charge bleed off is complete, described the second feedback circuit normal operation, i.e. the 3rd switch S
3Disconnect the closed S of second switch
1, while the 4th switch S
4Closure, described pre-integrating capacitor C
pThe electric charge of upper accumulation is by described transmission resistance R
pBe transferred to described integrating capacitor C
iUpper integral, the integral voltage of generation obtains described integrating capacitor C by adc circuit U2 and processor unit U3
iWithin the time period of bleed off electric charge, the size of the current signal value of input, thus avoided the existence in this current measurement circuit dead time, realized the real-time detection of great dynamic range electric current.
The embodiment of the present invention is measured electric current by the mode that in integrating circuit, described integrating capacitor and feedback resistance is combined, because described integrating capacitor can be carried out integration to fainter electric current, by measuring the rate of change of integral voltage, can calculate current signal value to be measured.Utilize feedback resistance can measure larger weak current, thereby realized the measurement of great dynamic range weak current, current measurement circuit of the present invention can be measured the great dynamic range electric current of 1fA～1 μ A in real time.In addition, because described feedback resistance is combined with integrating capacitor, therefore, feedback resistance is chosen conventional low-temperature coefficient resistance and is got final product, and can greatly reduce the difficulty of circuit design and feedback resistance type selecting.In addition, can realize real-time switching between the first feedback circuit and the second feedback circuit by ON-OFF control circuit, i.e. the switching of different measuring range, thus can realize the real-time measurement of great dynamic range weak current.At last, the components and parts in current measurement circuit of the present invention are components and parts commonly used, therefore, are easy to practical application, and this current measurement circuit has less volume and can be embedded into needs and measure in the equipment of weak current and use.
In addition, those skilled in the art also can do other variations in spirit of the present invention, and certainly, the variation that these are done according to spirit of the present invention is within all should being included in the present invention's scope required for protection.
Claims (7)
1. current measurement circuit, comprise integrating circuit, analog to digital conversion circuit, processor unit and ON-OFF control circuit, described integrating circuit is converted into voltage signal with input current signal to be measured, analog-digital conversion circuit as described is converted to digital signal with described voltage signal, the value that described processor unit is used for controlling this current measurement circuit and calculates the current signal of input according to the data of analog-digital conversion circuit as described transmission; It is characterized in that,
Described integrating circuit comprises an operational amplifier and a feedback network, described operational amplifier has an inverting input, a normal phase input end and an output terminal, the described feedback network one described inverting input of termination, the described output terminal of another termination, described positive input end grounding; Described feedback network comprises the first feedback circuit and second feedback circuit in parallel with this first feedback circuit, and described the first feedback circuit comprises a feedback resistance and first switch of connecting with this feedback resistance; Described the second feedback circuit comprises an integrating capacitor, second switch and one the 3rd switch, described integrating capacitor is connected with described second switch, described integrating capacitor and circuit and described the 3rd switch in parallel after second switch is connected, described ON-OFF control circuit controls to switch described the first feedback circuit and the second feedback circuit by described processor unit.
2. current measurement circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the resistance of described feedback resistance is 100K to 100M.
3. current measurement circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the appearance value scope of described integrating capacitor is 1pF to 1000pF.
4. current measurement circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, further comprises a temperature sensor circuit for detection of environment temperature, and the described environment temperature that detects is input to described processor unit the current signal value that detects is proofreaied and correct.
5. current measurement circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, further comprises a digital interface circuit, and this digital interface circuit is used for the current signal value that detects is transferred to an electronic equipment.
6. current measurement circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, further comprise a pre-integrating circuit, described pre-integrating circuit is used in the process of described integrating capacitor electric charge bleed off, the current signal of inputting being carried out integration, described pre-integrating circuit comprises a pre-integrating capacitor, one transmission resistance and one the 4th switch, described pre-integrating capacitor one end ground connection, the other end is electrically connected to an end of described transmission resistance, described transmission resistance is connected with the 4th switch, the one described transmission resistance of termination of described the 4th switch, the inverting input of the described operational amplifier of another termination.
7. current measurement circuit as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, the appearance value scope of described pre-integrating capacitor is 1pF to 10nF.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310277996.6A CN103383404B (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2013-07-04 | Current measurement circuit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310277996.6A CN103383404B (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2013-07-04 | Current measurement circuit |
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| CN103383404A true CN103383404A (en) | 2013-11-06 |
| CN103383404B CN103383404B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
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| CN105487997A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-04-13 | 北京霍里思特科技有限公司 | Data collection device, data collection system and method |
| CN106510652A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-22 | 中山大学 | Pulse waveform and heart rate measuring method and device |
| CN106645910A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-10 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十二研究所 | UA-level micro-current testing system and method suitable for carrier rocket electronic equipment |
| CN107703351A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-02-16 | 成都兴睿宝电子科技有限公司 | A kind of Larger Dynamic micro-current sensing circuit |
| CN107923953A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2018-04-17 | 通用电气公司 | The system and method sampled to the current measurement in energy storing device |
| WO2018094681A1 (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-05-31 | 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 | I-v conversion module |
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| CN105282951B (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2017-09-26 | 范涛 | A kind of current integrator circuit of capacitor calibration |
| CN105282951A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2016-01-27 | 范涛 | Current integrator circuit with capacitor calibration |
| CN107923953A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2018-04-17 | 通用电气公司 | The system and method sampled to the current measurement in energy storing device |
| CN105487997A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-04-13 | 北京霍里思特科技有限公司 | Data collection device, data collection system and method |
| CN105487997B (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2021-11-16 | 北京霍里思特科技有限公司 | Data acquisition device, data acquisition system and method |
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| CN109075792B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2022-04-01 | 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 | I-V conversion module |
| CN106645910A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-10 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十二研究所 | UA-level micro-current testing system and method suitable for carrier rocket electronic equipment |
| CN107703351A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-02-16 | 成都兴睿宝电子科技有限公司 | A kind of Larger Dynamic micro-current sensing circuit |
| CN108255348A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-07-06 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of signal adds up mode switching circuit, touch screen detection circuit |
| CN108255348B (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2021-09-14 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Signal accumulation mode switching circuit and touch screen detection circuit |
| US10972063B2 (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2021-04-06 | Analog Devices Global Unlimited Company | Amplifier systems for measuring a wide range of current |
| CN109799378A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-05-24 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of micro-current sensing circuit |
| CN110071696A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-30 | 聚辰半导体股份有限公司 | A kind of continuous time integrator can be used for temperature sensor |
| CN110071696B (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2023-06-09 | 聚辰半导体股份有限公司 | Continuous time integrator for temperature sensor |
| CN118349075A (en) * | 2024-06-17 | 2024-07-16 | 成都市思叠科技有限公司 | Low-current acquisition compensation circuit and method based on software and hardware principle |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103383404B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
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