CN103382099A - Sandwich structure bulletproof ceramic sheet and low temperature sintering preparation method - Google Patents
Sandwich structure bulletproof ceramic sheet and low temperature sintering preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sandwich structure bulletproof ceramic sheet. The bulletproof ceramic sheet is characterized in that its upper surface layer and lower surface layer are composed of 85-95% of Al2O3 and 5-15% of ZrO2 by mass, and a central layer consists of 75-85% of Al2O3 and 15-25% of ZrO2 by mass; the surface layers and the central layer of the sintered sandwich structure bulletproof ceramic sheet are in a thickness ratio of 1:5-15; the surface of the bulletproof ceramic sheet is in a regular hexagon or square shape, the bulletproof ceramic sheet has a sandwich layer structure in the thickness direction, for the sintered regular hexagon, the length of its diagonal lines is 40-60mm, and the thickness is 7-12mm, or for the square, the side length is 30-60mm, and the thickness is 7-12mm; and the sintered bulletproof ceramic sheet has a relative density of 98.5-99.5%, impact toughness of 1-1.4J, bending strength of 500-600MPa, and fracture toughness of 8-11 MPa.m<1/2>. The sandwich structure bulletproof ceramic sheet can be used as a hard bulletproof material of human body and armor. By introducing the sandwich structure to alumina-zirconia composite ceramics, certain component difference between adjacent layers is ensured, so that the ceramic sheet can have excellent impact resistance. And a three-step forming method is employed to achieve densification of the ceramic sheet in an atmospheric environment at a low temperature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bullet-resistant ceramic material of a kind of special construction and preparation method thereof, specifically a kind of oxide compound bulletproof ceramic sheet and low sintering preparation method with sandwich structure.The present invention is mainly used in the hard bullet resistant material in Protection Product, belongs to the protective material technical field.
Background technology
Along with the progress of military science technology, the performance of bullet class offensive weapon significantly improves, and is increasing to the threat of human body and equipment.From the protection angle of human body and equipment, require bullet resistant material to have higher protection effect and reasonably make more economically means.The bullet fast for bullet speed, that bursting force is high impacts, and only relying on soft protective material is insecure to buffering and the dispersion of energy, and the hard protection material is in the use of many protection occasions, is absolutely necessary as armor facing etc.Wherein, ceramic-like materials is the Typical Representative of hard bullet resistant material.
Alumina-based composite ceramics is owing to having low density, high strength and hardness, and preparation technology is simple, is widely used in hard bullet resistant material field.Yet, due to its lower toughness and corresponding lower shock resistance, can only be as the hard bullet resistant material of inferior grade protection, or as panel material, coordinate the compound formation complex structure of other back veneer material, bullet resistant material that cost is higher.And the ceramic-like materials that is used at present the higher level protection is take fiber reinforced boron carbide or silicon carbide as main.Be exactly to pass through the compound formation of backboard of aluminum oxide panel and other material as patent " integral curved large size aluminum oxide bulletproof ceramic plate and mould and method for making " (201110088420.6); Patent " boron carbide based bulletproof composite ceramic and preparation method thereof " (200610042047.X) prepares the norbide bulletproof composite ceramic by adding silicon carbide whisker, whisker dispersing technology relative complex, require high to equipment and product stability, and need to complete sintering by atmosphere and pressure, preparation cost is higher.
In addition, according to the normal sintering method of alumina base bulletproof ceramic, i.e. its sintering under atmospheric environment, common sintering temperature is higher, even add suitable sintering agent, common densified sintering product temperature is also more than 1600 ℃, otherwise that pottery is difficult to is fine and close.And adopt the technology such as discharge plasma sintering (SPS) or HIP sintering (HIP), although sintering temperature can decline to a great extent, corresponding cost is very high, and complex process.The sintering temperature that relates in patent " preparation method of nanosized silicon carbide toughened aluminum oxide bulletproof ceramic " (200910015239.5) is 1650-1700 ℃, and according to one's analysis, and use is atmosphere protection technique.
Summary of the invention
The bulletproof ceramic sheet and the low-temperature melt producing method thereof that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of sandwich structure, by the aluminium oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramics is carried out Composition Design and structure design, the ceramic plate surface is hard bulletproof ceramic sheet regular hexagon or square commonly used, introducing the sandwich laminate structure with the impingement area(s) vertical direction, and certain component difference between the assurance adjacent layers, thereby improve its shock resistance and other mechanical property to obtain suitable thermal mismatching in sintering process; And introduce three one-step forming methods in preparation technology, i.e. mold pressing precompressed-mold pressing final pressure-isostatic cool pressing is finally completed the densification process of composite ceramics under the lower sintering temperature of atmospheric environment, 1520-1620 ℃.The bulletproof ceramic sheet that obtains has following performance characteristic: relative density 98.5-99.5%, toughness 1-1.4J, bending strength 500-600MPa, fracture toughness property 8-11 MPam
1/2Can be used as the hard bullet resistant material uses.
The present invention realizes that the technical scheme of above-mentioned purpose is as follows:
A kind of bulletproof ceramic sheet of sandwich structure is characterized in that, two upper layer compositions in bulletproof ceramic sheet up and down of sandwich structure are 85-95%Al by mass percentage
2O
3+ 5-15%ZrO
2, the central core composition is 75-85% Al by mass percentage
2O
3+ 15-25%ZrO
2After sintering, the Thickness Ratio of the upper layer of the bulletproof ceramic sheet of sandwich structure and central core is 1:5-15; The surface of bulletproof ceramic sheet is regular hexagon or square, and thickness direction is the sandwich laminate structure, regular hexagon diagonal line length 40-60mm after sintering, and thickness 7-12mm, or the square length of side is 30-60mm, thickness 7-12mm; The relative density 98.5-99.5% of shellproof ceramic plate after sintering, toughness 1-1.4J, bending strength 500-600MPa, fracture toughness property 8-11 MPam
1/2
The bulletproof ceramic sheet of described sandwich structure is characterized in that, the upper and lower surface layer Al of this bulletproof ceramic sheet
2O
3Content is higher than central core Al
2O
3Content, upper and lower surface layer ZrO
2Content is lower than central core ZrO
2Content guaranteeing in sintering process to obtain suitable thermal mismatching, thereby improves bulletproof ceramic sheet shock resistance.
The preparation method of the bulletproof ceramic sheet of described sandwich structure, its preparation process is as follows:
(1) preparation of composite powder: prepare respectively by mass percentage 85-95% Al
2O
3+ 5-15%ZrO
2With 75-85% Al
2O
3+ 15-25%ZrO
2Composite powder, standby respectively after ball mill mixing, drying, grinding respectively;
(2) moulding of sandwich structure bulletproof ceramic sheet base substrate: this ceramic plate base substrate is by the three steps pressurization moulding of mold pressing precompressed-mold pressing final pressure-isostatic cool pressing; According to upper layer and the central core powder quality that the Thickness Ratio of the ceramic layered upper layer of sandwich structure and central core calculates, be 85-95% Al with mass percent successively in order
2O
3+ 5-15%ZrO
2Composite powder, 75-85% Al
2O
3+ 15-25%ZrO
2Composite powder, 85-95% Al
2O
3+ 5-15% ZrO
2Composite powder is poured in prefabricated mould, and pours the pressure pre-molding of after-applied 20-50MPa at each powder, more finally applies the pressure forming of 100-150MPa, obtains base substrate after the demoulding; Base substrate is finally standby through the 180-220MPa cold isostatic compaction;
(3) sintering of sandwich structure bulletproof ceramic sheet: with above-mentioned base substrate sintering and be incubated 90-180 minute in the normal atmospheric sintering oven of 1520-1620oC.
Described preparation method is characterized in that, the described Al of step (1)
2O
3And ZrO
2Powder is submicron or micron grain size powder, wherein at Al
2O
3The a small amount of MgO powder of middle interpolation is as sintering agent, at ZrO
2The Y that middle interpolation is a small amount of
2O
3Powder is as stablizer.
Described preparation method is characterized in that, the described forming mould of step (2) is regular hexagon or square mould, and size is pressed sintering shrinkage than calculating.
The bulletproof ceramic sheet of described sandwich structure, relative density are pressed the drainage test, and toughness is pressed the weighted-drop test, and bending strength is pressed the three-point bending method test, and fracture toughness property is pressed the pressing in method test.
The effect that the present invention is useful: by the aluminium oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramics is carried out Composition Design and structure design, introducing the sandwich laminate structure with ceramic plate impingement area(s) vertical direction, and certain component difference between the assurance adjacent layers, obtain suitable thermal mismatching in sintering process, obtain residual compressive stress, make the external shock merit be disperseed under the synergy of interface layer and internal compressive stress and consume, thereby improve shock resistance and other mechanical property of ceramic plate; And introduce three one-step forming methods in preparation technology, i.e. mold pressing precompressed-mold pressing final pressure-isostatic cool pressing is finally completed the densification process of composite ceramics under the lower sintering temperature of atmospheric environment, 1520-1620 ℃.The bulletproof ceramic sheet relative density that obtains is greater than 98.5%, and toughness is greater than 1J, and bending strength is greater than 500MPa, and fracture toughness property is greater than 8 MPam
1/2Can be used as the hard bullet resistant material uses.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the stratiform bulletproof ceramic sheet design diagram of sandwich structure; Upper layer and central core Thickness Ratio d in figure
1: d
2=1:5-15, total thickness d=7-12mm;
Fig. 2: the interface microstructure of shellproof ceramic plate after sintering; The interface adjacent part has outstanding combination, without hierarchical crack;
Fig. 3: the fracture apperance after bulletproof ceramic sheet anti-reflecting bending strength test; Can find out cleavage fracture clearly, and the mixed fracture of the brilliant fracture of transgranular fracture and edge;
Embodiment
The present invention is achieved by the following measures:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of bulletproof ceramic sheet of sandwich structure is characterized in that, two upper layer compositions in bulletproof ceramic sheet up and down of sandwich structure are 95%Al by mass percentage
2O
3+ 5%ZrO
2, the central core composition is 85% Al by mass percentage
2O
3+ 15%ZrO
2After sintering, the Thickness Ratio of the upper layer of the bulletproof ceramic sheet of sandwich structure and central core is 1:12; The surface of bulletproof ceramic sheet is regular hexagon, and thickness direction is the sandwich laminate structure, regular hexagon diagonal line length 50mm after sintering, thickness 10mm; The relative density 99.5% of shellproof ceramic plate after sintering, toughness 1.4J, bending strength 577MPa, fracture toughness property 10.56 MPam
1/2
Its preparation process is as follows:
(1) preparation of composite powder: prepare respectively by mass percentage 95%Al
2O
3+ 5%ZrO
2With 85% Al
2O
3+ 15%ZrO
2Composite powder, standby after ball mill mixing, drying, grinding; Al wherein
2O
3And ZrO
2Powder diameter is respectively 4 and 0.6 microns, wherein Al
2O
3In comprise mass percent be 0.5% MgO powder as sintering agent, ZrO
2In to comprise mass percent be 3% Y
2O
3Powder is as stablizer;
(2) moulding of sandwich structure pottery ballistic resistant sheet base substrate: this ceramic plate base substrate is by the three steps pressurization moulding of mold pressing precompressed-mold pressing final pressure-isostatic cool pressing; The upper layer and the central core powder quality that calculate according to the Thickness Ratio of the ceramic layered upper layer of sandwich structure and central core are in order successively with the 95%Al of certain mass
2O
3+ 5%ZrO
2Composite powder, 85% Al
2O
3+ 15%ZrO
2Composite powder, 95%Al
2O
3+ 5%ZrO
2Composite powder is poured in prefabricated regular hexagon mould, and pours the pressure pre-molding of after-applied 20MPa at each powder, more finally applies the pressure forming of 130MPa, obtains base substrate after the demoulding; Base substrate is finally standby through the 200MPa cold isostatic compaction;
(3) sintering of sandwich laminate structure ballistic resistant sheet: with base substrate sintering and be incubated 120 minutes in the normal atmospheric sintering oven of 1560oC.
The bulletproof ceramic sheet of above-mentioned sandwich structure, relative density are pressed the drainage test, and toughness is pressed the weighted-drop test, and bending strength is pressed the three-point bending method test, and fracture toughness property is pressed the pressing in method test.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of bulletproof ceramic sheet of sandwich structure is characterized in that, two upper layer compositions in bulletproof ceramic sheet up and down of sandwich structure are 85%Al by mass percentage
2O
3+ 15%ZrO
2, the central core composition is 75% Al by mass percentage
2O
3+ 25%ZrO
2After sintering, the Thickness Ratio of the upper layer of the bulletproof ceramic sheet of sandwich structure and central core is 1:6; The surface of bulletproof ceramic sheet is regular hexagon, and thickness direction is the sandwich laminate structure, regular hexagon diagonal line length 40mm after sintering, thickness 8mm; The relative density 98.5% of shellproof ceramic plate after sintering, toughness 1.0J, bending strength 514MPa, fracture toughness property 9.88 MPam
1/2
Its preparation process is as follows:
(1) preparation of composite powder: prepare respectively by mass percentage 85%Al
2O
3+ 15%ZrO
2With 75% Al
2O
3+ 25%ZrO
2Composite powder, standby after ball mill mixing, drying, grinding; Al wherein
2O
3And ZrO
2Powder diameter is respectively 4 and 0.6 microns, wherein Al
2O
3In comprise mass percent be 0.5% MgO powder as sintering agent, ZrO
2In to comprise mass percent be 3% Y
2O
3Powder is as stablizer;
(2) moulding of sandwich laminate structure ballistic resistant sheet base substrate: this ceramic plate base substrate is by the three steps pressurization moulding of mold pressing precompressed-mold pressing final pressure-isostatic cool pressing; The upper layer and the central core powder quality that calculate according to the Thickness Ratio of the ceramic layered upper layer of sandwich structure and central core are in order successively with the 85%Al of certain mass
2O
3+ 15%ZrO
2Composite powder, 75% Al
2O
3+ 25%ZrO
2Composite powder, 85%Al
2O
3+ 15%ZrO
2Composite powder is poured in prefabricated regular hexagon mould, and pours the pressure pre-molding of after-applied 50MPa at each powder, more finally applies the pressure forming of 150MPa, obtains base substrate after the demoulding; Base substrate is finally standby through the 220MPa cold isostatic compaction;
(3) sintering of sandwich laminate structure ballistic resistant sheet: with base substrate sintering and be incubated 180 minutes in the normal atmospheric sintering oven of 1540 oC.
The bulletproof ceramic sheet of above-mentioned sandwich structure, relative density are pressed the drainage test, and toughness is pressed the weighted-drop test, and bending strength is pressed the three-point bending method test, and fracture toughness property is pressed the pressing in method test.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of bulletproof ceramic sheet of sandwich structure is characterized in that, two upper layer compositions in bulletproof ceramic sheet up and down of sandwich structure are 90%Al by mass percentage
2O
3+ 10%ZrO
2, the central core composition is 80% Al by mass percentage
2O
3+ 20%ZrO
2After sintering, the Thickness Ratio of the upper layer of the bulletproof ceramic sheet of sandwich structure and central core is 1:10; The surface of bulletproof ceramic sheet is square, and thickness direction is the sandwich laminate structure, square length of side 40mm after sintering, thickness 10mm; The relative density 99% of shellproof ceramic plate after sintering, toughness 1.2J, bending strength 507MPa, fracture toughness property 10.44MPam
1/2
Its preparation process is as follows:
(1) preparation of composite powder: prepare respectively by mass percentage 90%Al
2O
3+ 10%ZrO
2With 80% Al
2O
3+ 20%ZrO
2Composite powder, standby after ball mill mixing, drying, grinding; Al wherein
2O
3And ZrO
2Powder diameter is respectively 4 and 0.6 microns, wherein Al
2O
3In comprise mass percent be 0.5% MgO powder as sintering agent, ZrO
2In to comprise mass percent be 3% Y
2O
3Powder is as stablizer;
(2) moulding of sandwich laminate structure ballistic resistant sheet base substrate: this ceramic plate base substrate is by the three steps pressurization moulding of mold pressing precompressed-mold pressing final pressure-isostatic cool pressing; The upper layer and the central core powder quality that calculate according to the Thickness Ratio of the ceramic layered upper layer of sandwich structure and central core are in order successively with the 90%Al of certain mass
2O
3+ 10%ZrO
2Composite powder, 80% Al
2O
3+ 20%ZrO
2Composite powder, 90%Al
2O
3+ 10%ZrO
2Composite powder is poured in prefabricated square mould, and pours the pressure pre-molding of after-applied 30MPa at each powder, more finally applies the pressure forming of 100MPa, obtains base substrate after the demoulding; Base substrate is finally standby through the 180MPa cold isostatic compaction;
(3) sintering of sandwich laminate structure ballistic resistant sheet: with base substrate sintering and be incubated 90 minutes in the normal atmospheric sintering oven of 1600oC.
The bulletproof ceramic sheet of above-mentioned sandwich structure, relative density are pressed the drainage test, and toughness is pressed the weighted-drop test, and bending strength is pressed the three-point bending method test, and fracture toughness property is pressed the pressing in method test.
Claims (4)
1. the bulletproof ceramic sheet of a sandwich structure, is characterized in that, two upper layer compositions in bulletproof ceramic sheet up and down of sandwich structure are 85-95%Al by mass percentage
2O
3+ 5-15%ZrO
2, the central core composition is 75-85% Al by mass percentage
2O
3+ 15-25%ZrO
2After sintering, the Thickness Ratio of the upper layer of sandwich structure bulletproof ceramic sheet and central core is 1:5-15; The surface of bulletproof ceramic sheet is regular hexagon or square, and thickness direction is the sandwich laminate structure, regular hexagon diagonal line length 40-60mm after sintering, and thickness 7-12mm, or the square length of side is 30-60mm, thickness 7-12mm; The relative density 98.5-99.5% of shellproof ceramic plate after sintering, toughness 1-1.4J, bending strength 500-600MPa, fracture toughness property 8-11 MPam
1/2
2. the bulletproof ceramic sheet of sandwich structure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the upper and lower surface layer Al of this bulletproof ceramic sheet
2O
3Content is higher than central core Al
2O
3Content, upper and lower surface layer ZrO
2Content is lower than central core ZrO
2Content guaranteeing in sintering process to obtain suitable thermal mismatching, thereby improves bulletproof ceramic sheet shock resistance.
3. method for preparing the bulletproof ceramic sheet of sandwich structure, its preparation process is as follows:
(1) preparation of composite powder: prepare respectively by mass percentage 85-95% Al
2O
3+ 5-15%ZrO
2With 75-85% Al
2O
3+ 15-25%ZrO
2Composite powder, standby respectively after ball mill mixing, drying, grinding respectively;
(2) moulding of sandwich structure bulletproof ceramic sheet base substrate: this ceramic plate base substrate is by the three steps pressurization moulding of mold pressing precompressed-mold pressing final pressure-isostatic cool pressing; According to upper layer and the central core powder quality that the Thickness Ratio of the ceramic layered upper layer of sandwich structure and central core calculates, be 85-95% Al with mass percent successively in order
2O
3+ 5-15%ZrO
2Composite powder, 75-85% Al
2O
3+ 15-25%ZrO
2Composite powder, 85-95% Al
2O
3+ 5-15% ZrO
2Composite powder is poured in prefabricated mould, and pours the pressure pre-molding of after-applied 20-50MPa at each powder, more finally applies the pressure forming of 100-150MPa, obtains base substrate after the demoulding; Base substrate is finally standby through the 180-220MPa cold isostatic compaction;
(3) sintering of sandwich structure bulletproof ceramic sheet: with above-mentioned base substrate sintering and be incubated 90-180 minute in the normal atmospheric sintering oven of 1520-1620oC.
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the described Al of step (1)
2O
3And ZrO
2Powder is submicron or micron grain size powder, wherein at Al
2O
3The a small amount of MgO powder of middle interpolation is as sintering agent, at ZrO
2The Y that middle interpolation is a small amount of
2O
3Powder is as stablizer.
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| CN103641453A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-03-19 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所烟台分所 | Toughened aluminum oxide ceramic thermal insulation piece, and preparation technology of toughened aluminum oxide ceramic thermal insulation piece, and application of toughened aluminum oxide ceramic heat piece in extruding cylinder |
| CN104329988A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-04 | 湖南中泰特种装备有限责任公司 | Bulletproof ceramic chip and preparation method thereof |
| CN104446383A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2015-03-25 | 扬州三山工业陶瓷有限公司 | Large-size alumina integral ceramic arched plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106518023A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-03-22 | 扬州北方三山工业陶瓷有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness AZ bulletproof ceramics and preparation method thereof |
| CN106986630A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-07-28 | 南京云启金锐新材料有限公司 | Sandwich structure compound zirconia alumina zirconia ceramics and preparation method thereof |
| CN108164254A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-06-15 | 湖南中泰特种装备有限责任公司 | A kind of bulletproof ceramic sheet with cyclic structure, shellproof target plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN110092645A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-06 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of composite ceramic substrate and preparation method thereof |
| WO2019161797A1 (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2019-08-29 | 中国建材检验认证集团股份有限公司 | High-strength pre-stress composite ceramic and preparation method therefor |
| CN110563461A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2019-12-13 | 东莞市陶陶新材料科技有限公司 | preparation method of ceramic composite with high impact resistance |
| CN110759730A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-02-07 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Preparation method of composite ceramic and composite ceramic |
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| CN104446383A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2015-03-25 | 扬州三山工业陶瓷有限公司 | Large-size alumina integral ceramic arched plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN104446383B (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2016-08-31 | 扬州北方三山工业陶瓷有限公司 | Large scale aluminum oxide bulk ceramics arc and manufacture method thereof |
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| CN104329988A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-04 | 湖南中泰特种装备有限责任公司 | Bulletproof ceramic chip and preparation method thereof |
| CN106518023A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-03-22 | 扬州北方三山工业陶瓷有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness AZ bulletproof ceramics and preparation method thereof |
| CN106986630A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-07-28 | 南京云启金锐新材料有限公司 | Sandwich structure compound zirconia alumina zirconia ceramics and preparation method thereof |
| CN108164254A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-06-15 | 湖南中泰特种装备有限责任公司 | A kind of bulletproof ceramic sheet with cyclic structure, shellproof target plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN108164254B (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2024-06-25 | 湖南中泰特种装备有限责任公司 | Bulletproof ceramic sheet with annular structure, bulletproof target plate and preparation method thereof |
| WO2019161797A1 (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2019-08-29 | 中国建材检验认证集团股份有限公司 | High-strength pre-stress composite ceramic and preparation method therefor |
| CN110759730A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-02-07 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Preparation method of composite ceramic and composite ceramic |
| CN110092645A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-06 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of composite ceramic substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN110092645B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2021-07-13 | 广东工业大学 | Composite ceramic substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN110563461A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2019-12-13 | 东莞市陶陶新材料科技有限公司 | preparation method of ceramic composite with high impact resistance |
| CN110563461B (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2022-05-31 | 东莞市陶陶新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of ceramic composite with high impact resistance |
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