CN103380785A - Wheat chemical emasculation agent and application thereof in wheat hybrid seed production - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a wheat chemical andricide and its application in wheat hybrid breeding, belonging to the technical field of plant breeding. The malecide is prepared by distilling water to prepare a solution with a concentration of 0.025%-0.075% (v/v) of silicone surfactant polyether-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane Silwet L-77. Its use method is to select the wheat ears whose leaf-ear distance between the flag leaf and the second inverted leaf is 0.5-5 cm, inject the andricide into the cavity above the young ears with a syringe, and fill the cavity as much as possible. The andricide has a male-killing abortion rate of 73 percent, normal pistil fertility, and no adverse effects on plant growth and development. After earing, the ears are simply trimmed, artificially pollinated with other wheat, bagged, and managed in the field according to conventional methods, and hybrid seeds can be harvested. The outcrossing was normal and the outcrossing rate was 100%. The preparation and application method of the andricide is simple, the production cost is low, the environment is friendly, and it is easy to popularize.

Description

A wheat chemical andricide and its application in wheat hybrid seed production

(1) Technical field

The invention relates to a wheat chemical andricide and its application in wheat hybrid breeding, belonging to the technical field of plant breeding.

(2) Background technology

The heterosis of crops can be used to improve crops, such as increasing crop yield and enhancing crop resistance. The method is carried out by relying on a generation of hybrids from pure line crosses. At present, corn, rapeseed, rice, sorghum and other crops have widely used heterosis for seed production.

Wheat is the second largest food crop with the widest distribution and great heterosis in the world. All countries have been trying to find ways and methods to develop and utilize its heterosis. The breakthrough of wheat heterosis utilization theory and application technology will not only greatly enrich the theory and technology of crop heterosis utilization, but also make important contributions to the food safety production in my country and the world. Wheat is a self-pollinated crop. Therefore, the core issue of wheat heterosis utilization is to establish a technical system for efficient production of wheat hybrids. The use of chemical detasseling technology (chemical killing method) is one of the effective methods to solve the problem of emasculation of the female parent in seed production. The chemical andricide method is to use drugs (chemical hybridization agents) to kill the male flowers of wheat so that they cannot produce pollen, but the pistils are not damaged, thereby inducing male sterility in wheat to produce hybrids. The chemical maleification method uses wheat heterosis, the biggest advantage is the freedom of grouping, high selection rate of strong and superior combinations; no cytoplasmic negative effect; simple seed production procedure; even if the purity of hybrids is not very high, the impact on yield is not too great, etc. .

Some developed countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, and France have done more research on the screening of chemical andricides, especially after the failure of T-type male sterile lines in the United States and other countries in the mid-to-late 1970s, chemical andricides for wheat The research on the screening of chemical andricides has entered a climax. In the middle and late 1980s, various countries successively screened out some chemical andricides, and the core technologies and patents were mainly mastered by multinational companies in the United States and France.

my country has started research on chemical hybridization agents and their applications since the 1980s, and independently developed chemical andricides BAU-9403 (China Agricultural University) and SQ-1 (Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University). The effect of seed production depends on the spraying technique, and the field with good effect has high seed production yield and high hybrid purity. However, in some fields, either due to phytotoxicity, the yield of seed production is low, or due to insufficient spraying, the purity of hybrids is low.

The most widely used chemical killers are SC2053 and genesis. SC2053 is a product jointly developed by the Crop Institute of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the American Sogetal Company. The spraying period is from the formation of wheat pistils to the spraying interval (the morphological indicators of the main stem and the young ear are about 1 cm long). The male killing effect is good, and the outcrossing characteristics of the female parent are improved after male killing. The biggest disadvantage of this agent is that the spraying operation is very strict, otherwise it will cause injury.

Genesis is a new product of Monsanto Company in the United States. The advantage of the andricide is that the spraying concentration is relatively flexible, it is not easy to cause phytotoxicity, and the andricide is thorough. Its disadvantage is that the spraying period is late (booting stage), and it is not convenient for mechanized operations. In addition to SC2053 and genesis, my country has also developed some chemical pesticides, such as EK and ES developed by Hebei Normal University; BAU developed by China Agricultural University -2 etc.

Silicone surfactant polyether-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane (Silwet L-77) is produced by GE Company of the United States, and is often used as plant transformation auxiliary reagent and pesticide auxiliary agent such as Arabidopsis and rapeseed. As a pesticide adjuvant, it can reduce the surface tension of water, reduce the contact angle between liquid medicine and biological targets, have the ability to resist rainwater erosion and penetration, improve the effective utilization of pesticides and meet environmental protection requirements. After adding Silwet surfactant to the liquid medicine, the liquid medicine can be absorbed through the stomata of the plant, thereby increasing the efficacy of the medicine.

Chinese patent document publication number CN1596617A discloses a method and application for establishing a genetic transformation system of bluegrass. The clustered buds in the suitable growth period were used as receptors for genetic transformation by gene gun bombardment or Agrobacterium-mediated method to obtain transgenic plants. In Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation, the use of surfactant Silwet L-77 treatment and reduced pressure treatment effectively increased the transformation frequency.

Chinese patent document publication number CN101099497A discloses a water-soluble insecticide formulation, and the invention relates to a water-soluble insecticide formulation containing Silwet agricultural spray adjuvant and its preparation method. The water-soluble preparation dissolves quickly, is easy to degrade, has no residue, does not pollute the environment, and is an environment-friendly pesticide preparation.

So far, there is no report on the preparation of wheat chemical andricide and its application in wheat hybrid breeding by using silicone surfactant polyether modified heptamethyltrisiloxane (SilwetL-77).

Although the large-scale production of first-generation hybrids by chemical maleification has been applied in some crops such as wheat, there are many defects in this application method, such as long operation time, high cost, phytotoxicity, and unsatisfactory malecidal effect, etc. question.

(3) Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a wheat chemical andricide and its application in wheat cross breeding, which makes up for the deficiencies in the current wheat chemical andricide and cross breeding operations.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this. The ingredients and proportions of wheat chemical andricide determined through a large number of laboratory tests and field tests for many years are as follows:

Silicone surfactant polyether-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane (Silwet L-77) is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 0.025%-0.075% (V/V) with distilled water, without adjusting the pH value.

The preparation method of wheat chemical andricide of the present invention comprises the steps:

Prepare silicone surfactant polyether-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane (Silwet L-77) with distilled water to make a solution with a concentration of 0.025%-0.075% (V/V), without adjusting the pH value.

Utilize the method step of above-mentioned chemical andricide as follows:

(1) Operate when the flag leaves of the wheat have all grown out of the leaf apex (picking the flag) and the ear distance between the flag leaf and the second leaf is 0.5-5 cm. At this time, there are young ears of wheat and Cavity above the young ear. Ears of wheat ready to be treated with andricide.

(2) Use a clean syringe to absorb the above-mentioned chemical andricide, insert the needle into the cavity above the tube rolled into the flag leaf sheath, inject the andricide into the cavity, and fill the cavity as much as possible to make the liquid It is advisable to just overflow from the upper part, so as not to damage the ears of wheat.

(3) Mark the injected wheat ears and let them grow naturally.

(4) After heading, it can be found that the injected wheat ears are yellow-green in color, while the untreated wheat ears are dark in color. Select wheat ears with obvious color phenomenon, and after simply trimming the ears, artificially infuse them with normal pollen of other wheat, bag them, and carry out field management according to conventional methods, and hybrid seeds can be harvested.

Described is gramineous plants, preferably common wheat.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows

1. Using SilwetL-77, a chemical andricide with a concentration of 0.025%-0.075% (V/V), provides a simple and effective new andricide for the field of wheat breeding. The color of the treated sterile ears was significantly different from that of normal ears, and it was easy to distinguish them.

2. The present invention directly injects wheat ears at the booting stage so as to obtain a large number of sterile wheat ears, which greatly saves the time of manual detasseling.

3. The abortion rate of wheat ears treated with the andricide of the present invention reaches 73%, and other characters remain unchanged, which provides good conditions for cross breeding of wheat.

4. The active ingredient of the andricide of the present invention is a surfactant, not a mutagen, and is safe and harmless to humans and animals. The direct injection method also does not pollute the soil.

Description of drawings:

Figure 1. Control (left) and wheat ears treated with a chemical andricide containing Silwet L-77 (right). The color of the ears after treatment was lighter than that of the control ears, and the glumes were all opened.

Figure 2. Comparison of normal florets (left) and florets on wheat ears treated with chemical andricides containing Silwet L-77 (right). The control florets had 3 yellow-green anthers besides normal villous pistils, while the florets treated with andricide had normal villous pistils, but all 3 anthers were shrunk and degenerated.

Figure 3. TTC staining observation of aborted anthers treated with chemical andricide containing Silwet L-77. Staining indicates degenerated anthers with no viable pollen inside.

Fig. 4. The ears of wheat Tynon 18 treated with chemical andricides containing Silwet L-77 were artificially inoculated with blue wheat pollen and set seeds. From left to right are Tynong 18, hybrids, and blue wheat.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments.

The wheat materials CB037 and Tainong 18 in the examples are wheat varieties (lines) preserved by the Tai'an Branch of the National Wheat Improvement Center of Shandong Agricultural University. Silwet L-77 was purchased from GE Company.

Example 1

A chemical andricide for wheat, the ingredient is Silwet L-77 solution prepared with distilled water, the concentration is 0.025%-0.075% (V/V), and the pH value does not need to be adjusted.

Example 2

The experimental site of this experiment is the base of the Agricultural Experiment Station of Shandong Agricultural University.

Utilize aforementioned a kind of method for killing males with wheat chemical andricide, the steps are as follows:

(1) The wheat line CB037 was sown into the experimental field, and the field management was carried out according to the conventional method.

(2) When wheat enters the booting stage, select a plant with all the flag leaves growing out of the leaf apex (picking flag) and the ear distance between the flag leaf and the second leaf is 0.5-5 cm. There are cavities. Can be easily touched by hand.

(3) Use a clean syringe to absorb the above-mentioned chemical andricide, insert the needle into the cavity above the tube rolled into the flag leaf sheath, inject the andricide into the cavity, and fill the cavity as much as possible to make the liquid It is advisable to just overflow from the upper part.

(4) Mark the injected ears and bag them. After harvesting, the abortion rate was counted.

Abortion rate (%) = number of completely aborted ears/total number of treated ears × 100%

The treated tassels were lighter in color than normal tassels when they were just pulled out, yellowish green, glumes gradually opened, and stigmas were normal in shape and could accept foreign pollen.

The abortion rate of wheat ears treated with the chemical andricide with a concentration of silwet L-77 of 0.025% is 56%, and the abortion rate of wheat ears treated with a chemical andricide with a concentration of silwet L-77 of 0.05% is 73.9% %.

Example 3

Wheat Hybrid Seed Production Using Chemical Andricides. The wheat variety Tynong 18 was sown into the experimental field, and field management was carried out according to conventional methods. Wheat enters the booting stage, and the cavity of the ear can be touched by hand, and the processing begins. Absorb the above-mentioned chemical andricide with a clean needle tube, select the wheat ears when all the flag leaves grow out of the leaf apex (picking flag) and the ear distance between the flag leaf and the second leaf is 0.5-5 cm, and the needle of the syringe is taken from the The top of the cavity formed by the flag leaf sheath is inserted into the cavity, and the andricide is injected into the cavity on the upper part of the ear, and the cavity is filled as much as possible so that the liquid just overflows from the upper part. After the treated ears were pulled out, 10 ears with obvious color phenomenon were selected, and after simple whole ears, pollen of blue-grained wheat was artificially inoculated, bagged, and field management was carried out according to conventional methods. After harvesting the seeds, the hybridization seed setting rate was counted.

Hybrid seed-setting rate (%) = number of fruit-bearing grains/number of pollinated florets × 100%.

Statistical results show that the rate of hybrid seed setting after chemical andricide treatment is 100%.

Claims (2)

1. A chemical andricide for wheat, characterized in that it is formulated with distilled water with organosilicon surfactant polyether modified heptamethyltrisiloxane Silwet L-77, and the concentration is 0.025%-0.075% (v /v). 2. a method utilizing the wheat chemical andricide seed production according to claim 1, the steps are as follows: When the flag leaves of the wheat have all grown out of the leaf apex (picking the flag) and the ear distance between the flag leaf and the second leaf is 0.5-5 cm, the operation is carried out. At this time, there are wheat ears and ears above the ears in the tube formed by the flag leaf sheath. Use a clean syringe to absorb the above-mentioned chemical andricide, insert the needle into the cavity from the top of the tube rolled into the flag leaf sheath, inject the andricide into the cavity, and fill the cavity as much as possible, so that It is advisable that the liquid has just overflowed from the upper part, so as not to damage the ears; mark the injected ears and let them grow naturally; after heading, it can be found that the injected ears are yellow-green in color, while the untreated ears The color is dark; choose wheat ears with obvious color phenomenon, and after simply trimming the ears, artificially infuse them with normal pollen of other wheat, bag them, and carry out field management according to conventional methods, and hybrid seeds can be harvested.

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