CN103376138B - Vertical current amount determining device and current meter thereof and detection method in groundwater monitoring well - Google Patents
Vertical current amount determining device and current meter thereof and detection method in groundwater monitoring well Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of hot-wire anemometer, comprise upward flow winding, lower to stream winding, constant current resistance, bridge joint, the second operational amplifier, the first potentiometer, outlet terminal, feedback condenser, divider network system, output display unit etc.; Upward flow winding 4, lower to stream winding 5 for forming heat-flow sensor.The present invention also provides vertical current amount determining device and detection method in corresponding groundwater monitoring well.The present invention can obtain the infiltration coefficient distribution of underground different water cut layer, there is higher efficiency and several functions, and good system compatible can be had with other sample devicess, the concentration distribution of pollutants of underground reservoir can be obtained by combining with groundwater sample Sampling techniques.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to underground hydrological geology monitoring field, be specifically related to vertical flow testing device in groundwater monitoring well.
Background technology
It is the water table of two different pressures that underground reservoir is blocked by the water-resisting layer of low-permeability in the earth movement at hyposmosis geologic unit or zone of fracture place, form underground reservoir pressure gradient, at water-resisting layer gap location because the existence of pressure gradient can form vertical flow from bottom to top.Underground water water body flow from bottom to top can form stable vertical flow velocity, underground reservoir, water-resisting layer distribution and inspection well W1, inspection well W2 as shown in Figure 1 at water-resisting layer place.Vertical data on flows can provide important information to explanation underground hydraulic test and the sampling analysis of ground water chemistry material, can help the analysis improving underground hydraulic model, and simultaneously the vertical flow of underground water is applied to and repairs well and prevent underground water cross pollution from offering help.Therefore develop a kind of can the flowmeter of the real-time vertical fluid of Accurate Measurement underground water significant.
At present, conventional flow meters is as differential flowmeter, spinner-type flowmeter, rotz flowmeter, piston meter etc., the situation that fluid is horizontal fluidised form is widely used according to different principle of work, and the features such as rate of flow of fluid is high, flow large, flow morphology change is complicated can be adapted to, and the mensuration of vertical flow is higher for flowmeter survey accuracy requirement, conventional flowmeter can not meet measuring accuracy.
The flow that the existing measurement of rate of flow to vertical fluid adopts counts propeller flowmeter (ImpellerFlowmeter), its basic functional principle is: in vertical fluid, rate of flow of fluid is converted into the rotating speed of flowmeter impeller, again rotating speed is converted into the electric signal be directly proportional to rate of flow of fluid, can obtain vertical flow speed data by calculating, its specific embodiments is:
The support bar of propeller flowmeter and low frictional torque bearing is combined, and keep place vertical with downhole fluid direction, flow-meter probe in down-hole vertically upward or downwards fluid-phase the flow direction is measured by the probe relative to propeller flowmeter, by calculating and obtaining current curve, distinguish water-bearing zone, down-hole flow shape by different water cut laminar flow discharge curve.
Because body of groundwater flow is less, flow velocity is low, often need when applying propeller flowmeter and carrying out the quantitative determination of underground water vertical current to increase constant flow pump to ensure that flow velocity in the vertical direction can promote impeller and be converted into electric signal at pithead position, and then the vertical flow distribution situation of body of groundwater can be obtained, but there is following two problems in this kind of method:
(1) Groundwater Flow is slow, and flow velocity is relatively little, and when increasing constant flow pump and ensureing vertical flow, the vertical flow velocity of mensuration truly can not reflect groundwater velocity, there is certain measuring error.
(2) constant flow pump increased can upset the water body fluidised form flowed vertically to, and the underground reservoir vertical flow distribution precision of mensuration is lower.
In view of above Problems existing, develop a kind of can mensuration the motion of underground water fluid and the device of the vertical flow of Accurate Measurement can seem particularly necessary by real-time online.
Summary of the invention
For defect of the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of thermal flow meter system, to measure underground water natural convection and the vertical flow under forced convertion, and measure underground each water-bearing zone velocity vector and hydraulic flow to.The present invention is applied to the technology to the vertical flow of groundwater observation well and infiltration coefficient distribution, is applied to by this technique extension soil and underground water stratified sampling and obtains the layered distribution of soil and groundwater contamination substrate concentration.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of hot-wire anemometer is provided, comprises the first access interface 1, second access interface 2, Centroid 3, upward flow winding 4, lower resistance 37, output display unit 38 to stream winding 5, constant current resistance 7, bridge joint 22, second operational amplifier 24, first potentiometer 27, outlet terminal 28, feedback condenser 29, divider network system 30, the resistance 35 accessing the second anti-phase input terminal, system matches electric capacity 36, access the second noninverting entry terminal; Constant current resistance 7 comprises stabilized voltage supply 8, regulating resistance 9, positive potential node 10, voltage stabilizing diode 11, ground wire 12, first operational amplifier 13, tie point 17, capacitor 18, NPN transistor 19, first stake resistance 23; Upward flow winding 4, lower to stream winding 5 for forming heat-flow sensor;
Upward flow winding 4 is connected between the first access interface 1 and Centroid 3, be connected to lower to flowing winding 5 between the second access interface 2 and Centroid 3, constant current resistance 7 is linked into positive potential node 10 by stabilized voltage supply 8 and regulating resistance 9 and regulates, voltage stabilizing diode 11 is contacted and is accessed regulating resistance 9 and provide ground voltage by ground wire 12, first operational amplifier 13 comprises the first noninverting input node 14, first anti-phase input node 15, first output node 16, the tie point 17 between regulating resistance 9 and voltage stabilizing diode 11 is linked into by the first noninverting input node 14, and obtain regulation voltage, capacitor 18 is linked between output node 16 and the first anti-phase input node 15, and squelch is provided, NPN transistor 19 comprises controller 20 and transmitting terminal 21, the signal from the first operational amplifier 13 is received by wire, controller 20 connects positive potential node 10, transmitting terminal 21 be linked into upward flow winding 4 and lower to stream winding 5, transmitting terminal 21 provides continuous current to bridge joint 22, flow into the total current of bridge joint 22 by the first stake resistance 23 ground connection, Centroid 3 on bridge joint 22 connects the second noninverting entry terminal 25 of the second operational amplifier 24, second anti-phase input terminal 26 of the second operational amplifier 24 is linked into the first potentiometer 27, form a part for bridge joint 22, first potentiometer 27 provides zero-bit to regulate to the signal conditioning circuit at feedback condenser 29 place, outlet terminal 28 is linked into feedback condenser 29, divider network system 30 comprises the resistance 31 be connected with outlet terminal, second potentiometer 32 and the second stake resistance 33, the scan arm 34 that second potentiometer 32 comprises provides backfeed loop to anti-phase input terminal 26 by the resistance 35 of access second anti-phase input terminal, motion scan arm 34 can make the result of the second operational amplifier 24 change, the response frequency of feedback condenser 29 can be changed simultaneously, because the second operational amplifier 24 and bridge joint 22 export, there is corresponding funtcional relationship, the resistance 37 of system matches electric capacity 36 and access the second noninverting entry terminal 25 is linked into noninverting entry terminal 25, system matches electric capacity 36 ground connection, the outlet terminal 28 of the second operational amplifier 24 is exported by output display unit 38.
According to another aspect of the present invention, vertical current amount determining device in a kind of groundwater monitoring well is also provided, comprise above-mentioned hot-wire anemometer, also comprise operation control system, data handling system, wherein, operation control system carries out block sampling for controlling heat-flow sensor upper and lower uniform motion in monitor well in hot-wire anemometer, hot-wire anemometer is used for the fluctuations in discharge of each block sampling layer obtained according to heat-flow sensor, and data handling system is used for obtaining vertical current discharge curve according to the fluctuations in discharge of each block sampling layer.
According to another aspect of the present invention, waterpower fault detecting under the natural convection of vertical current amount determining device in a kind of above-mentioned groundwater monitoring well is also provided, comprises the steps:
Step 1: connect water-bearing zone 1 and water-bearing zone 2 by groundwater monitoring well, the pressure gradient being arranged in the water-bearing zone 1 of top and the water-bearing zone 2 below being positioned at forms vertical flow from bottom to top at groundwater monitoring well;
Step 2: heat-flow sensor moves down from groundwater monitoring well water bit line, until obtain stable signal, illustrates that this depth underground water is without perpendicular flow;
Step 3: heat-flow sensor continues to move down, until water body flow signal detected, illustrates this peripherad water-bearing zone 1 of depth water body stream;
Step 4: heat-flow sensor continues to move down, until underground water steady flow detected in a depth range, illustrates in this depth range and occurs waterpower tomography;
Step 5: heat-flow sensor continues to move down, until the water volume flow rate detected is less than threshold value, illustrates that this depth is in the vertical direction without natural flows, and now mainly the waterpower in water-bearing zone 2 is flow over.
According to another aspect of the present invention, also provide a kind of and utilize infiltration coefficient distribution detection under the forced convertion of vertical current amount determining device in above-mentioned groundwater monitoring well, comprise the steps:
Step 1: connect water-bearing zone 1 and water-bearing zone 2 by groundwater monitoring well, the pressure gradient being arranged in the water-bearing zone 1 of top and the water-bearing zone 2 below being positioned at forms vertical flow from bottom to top at groundwater monitoring well; Near under phreatic line, constant flow pump is set;
Step 2: heat-flow sensor moves down from groundwater monitoring well water bit line, until a larger initial flow rate detected, and vertical constant flow rate, illustrate that this depth water layer does not flow over, perviousness is zero;
Step 3: heat-flow sensor continues to move down, until detect that in depth range A, water volume flow rate sharply reduces, illustrate in this depth range A to have higher perviousness, crossing current phenomenon is obvious, and it is by groundwater monitoring well stream water-bearing zone towards periphery that main water body flows to;
Step 4: heat-flow sensor continues to move down, until detect that in depth range B water volume flow rate is little compared with the change of depth range A in step 3, illustrates in this depth range B and occurs waterpower tomography;
Step 5: heat-flow sensor continues to move down, until detect that in depth range C, water volume flow rate sharply reduces, illustrates in this depth range C to have lower perviousness, hydraulic flow to for by surrounding aqueous laminar flow to groundwater monitoring well.
Compared with prior art, the infiltration coefficient distribution of underground different water cut layer can be obtained by the present invention, there is higher efficiency and several functions, and good system compatible can be had with other sample devicess, the concentration distribution of pollutants of underground reservoir can be obtained by combining with groundwater sample Sampling techniques.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reading the detailed description done non-limiting example with reference to the following drawings, other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious:
Fig. 1 is underground waterpower Fault profile figure;
Fig. 2 is hot-wire anemometer working circuit diagram;
Fig. 3 is typical hot-wire anemometer structural drawing;
Fig. 4 is inspection well block sampling schematic diagram under natural convection;
Fig. 5 is the inspection well thermal flow meter signal with waterpower tomography;
Fig. 6 is inspection well block sampling schematic diagram under forced convertion;
Fig. 7 is the distribution of underground reservoir infiltration coefficient;
Fig. 8 is that pollutant levels measure block sampling schematic diagram;
Fig. 9, Figure 10, Figure 11 are that block sampling principle and thermal flow meter contrast pollutant levels measurement and calculation value.
In figure: 1 is the first connectivity port, 2 is the second connectivity port, node centered by 3, 4 is upward flow winding, 5 is lower to stream winding, 6 is signal processing circuit, 7 is constant current resistance, 8 is stabilized voltage supply, 9 is resistance, 10 is positive potential node, 11 is voltage stabilizing diode, 12 is ground wire, 13 is operational amplifier, 14 is noninverting input node, 15 is anti-phase input node, 16 is output node, 17 is tie point, 18 is capacitor, 19 is NPN transistor, 20 is controller, 21 is transmitting terminal, 22 is bridge joint, 23 is stake resistance, 24 is operational amplifier, 25 is noninverting entry terminal, 26 is anti-phase input terminal, 27 is potentiometer, 28 is outlet terminal, 29 is feedback condenser, 30 is divider network system, 31 is the resistance be connected with node, 32 is potentiometer, 33 is stake resistance, 34 is scan arm, 35 for accessing the resistance of anti-phase input terminal, 36 is system matches electric capacity, 37 for accessing the resistance of noninverting entry terminal, 38 is output display unit.39 is tinsel.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will contribute to those skilled in the art and understand the present invention further, but not limit the present invention in any form.It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some distortion and improvement can also be made.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention utilizes thermal flow meter system (Thermo-FlowmeterSystem) to measure the flow velocity of different water cut layer, determines the vertical flow distribution situation of underground water based on flow velocity.Content of the present invention is based on a kind of hot-wire anemometer (Hot-wireAnemometer) that can adapt to underground water fluid change of flow state, and to measure the flow velocity of underground water fluid, this application meets the features such as Groundwater Flow flow velocity is low, flow is less.Its lowest speed measurement range can reach mm/s.
According to vertical current amount determining device in groundwater monitoring well provided by the invention, comprise hot-wire anemometer, also comprise operation control system, data handling system, wherein, operation control system carries out block sampling for controlling heat-flow sensor upper and lower uniform motion in monitor well in hot-wire anemometer, hot-wire anemometer is used for the fluctuations in discharge of each block sampling layer obtained according to heat-flow sensor, and data handling system is used for obtaining vertical current discharge curve according to the fluctuations in discharge of each block sampling layer.
Hot-wire anemometer working circuit diagram as shown in Figure 2.Its principle of work is: between the first access interface 1 and Centroid 3, access upward flow winding 4, to flowing winding 5 under accessing between the second access interface 2 and Centroid 3, signal conditioning circuit 6 comprises a constant current resistance 7, and constant current resistance 7 is linked into positive potential node 10 by stabilized voltage supply 8 and regulating resistance 9 and regulates.Voltage stabilizing diode 11 is contacted and is accessed regulating resistance 9 and provide ground voltage by ground wire 12.First operational amplifier 13 comprises the first noninverting input node 14 and the first anti-phase input node 15 and the first output node 16, be linked into the tie point 17 between regulating resistance 9 and voltage stabilizing diode 11 by the first noninverting input node 14, and obtain regulation voltage.Capacitor 18 is linked between output node 16 and the first anti-phase input node 15, and provides squelch.NPN transistor 19 comprises controller 20 and transmitting terminal 21, the signal from the first operational amplifier 13 is received by wire, controller 20 connects positive potential node 10, transmitting terminal 21 be linked into upward flow winding 4 and lower to stream winding 5, transmitting terminal 21 provides continuous current to bridge joint 22, flows into the total current of bridge joint 22 by the first stake resistance 23 ground connection.Centroid 3 on bridge joint 22 is linked into the second operational amplifier 24 on the second noninverting entry terminal 25, the second anti-phase input terminal 26 on second operational amplifier 24 is linked into the first potentiometer 27, form a part for bridge joint 22, first potentiometer 27 provides zero-bit to regulate to signal conditioning circuit 6, and outlet terminal 28 is linked into feedback condenser 29.Divider network system 30 comprises resistance 31, second potentiometer 32 and the second stake resistance 33 that are connected with outlet terminal.Scan arm 34 inside second potentiometer 32 provides backfeed loop to anti-phase input terminal 26 by the resistance 35 of access second anti-phase input terminal 26, motion scan arm 34 can make the result of the second operational amplifier 24 change, and can change the response frequency of feedback condenser 29 simultaneously.Because the second operational amplifier 24 and bridge joint 22 export, there is corresponding funtcional relationship, the resistance 37 of system matches electric capacity 36 and access the second noninverting entry terminal 25 is linked into noninverting entry terminal 25, system matches electric capacity 36 ground connection, whole system operation result is exported by output display unit 38, and directly can obtain the rate of flow of fluid flowing into heat-flow sensor.
Hot wire temperature after passing into electric current raises, and can produce heat, make its temperature higher than the temperature of fluid.When fluid vertically flows through tinsel, a part of heat wiry will be taken away, tinsel temperature is declined, and according to theory of convection (ConvectiveTheory), the thermal loss of wire surface has corresponding funtcional relationship with the fluid flowing through wire surface, when fluid flows through wire surface, wire surface temperature can be caused to decline: fluid velocity is faster, wire surface thermal loss is larger, otherwise, fluid velocity is slower, and wire surface thermal loss is less.The temperature variation flowing through wire surface can be detected in real time by the temperature inductor of hot-wire anemometer, and calculate fluid velocity by the corresponding relation of thermal loss and flow velocity, its funtcional relationship can be expressed as by formula (1):
I
2R
w=hA
w(T
w-T
f)（1）
In formula, I is for flowing into wire current, R
wfor tinsel resistance, T
wand T
fbe respectively tinsel and flow surface temperature, A
wfor wire surface is amassed, h is the coefficient of heat transfer, tinsel resistance R
whave funtcional relationship with temperature, its expression formula is
R
w=R
Ref[1+a(T
w-T
Ref)（2）
In formula, a is electrothermal resistance coefficient, R
refrepresent that tinsel is at reference temperature T
refunder resistance.Coefficient of heat transfer h is fluid velocity v
ffunction,
h＝a+bv
f c(3)
In formula, parameter a, b, c obtain by calibration experiments, can set up the funtcional relationship of wire surface thermal loss and rate of flow of fluid based on above three equations
I, T in above formula
w, T
frecord by experiment, R
ref, a, b, c be calibration value, by measuring fluid temperature (F.T.) and wire current can obtain the flow velocity v flowing through wire surface
f.
The general structure of hot-wire anemometer as shown in Figure 3, tinsel material is generally tungsten filament or platinum filament, partial heat can be taken away when fluid flows through tinsel with flow velocity v, the loss of heat and flow velocity have corresponding funtcional relationship, tinsel both sides are temperature and speed sensor, fluid temperature (F.T.) and direction can be obtained respectively, and the velocity vector of fluid at different directions can be calculated.
Below waterpower fault detecting method under utilizing the natural convection of vertical current amount determining device in described groundwater monitoring well is described.
The Q of each block sampling layer can be obtained by moving up and down of heat-flow sensor in hot-wire anemometer
1~ Q
6fluctuations in discharge, obtains vertical current discharge curve finally by data handling system.Inspection well block sampling schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 4 under natural convection:
Its embodiment as shown in Figure 1, connects water-bearing zone 1 and water-bearing zone 2 by groundwater monitoring well, forms vertical flow from bottom to top by water-bearing zone 1 and the pressure gradient in water-bearing zone 2 in inspection well.Heat-flow sensor moves down from phreatic line 15m under well head, obtains stable signal, illustrates that underground water is without perpendicular flow herein.Continue to move down, water body flow signal detected at 22m place, the peripherad water-bearing zone 1 of current is described.Underground water steady flow is there is in 23 to 26m scope, illustrate within the scope of this and occur waterpower tomography (water-resisting layer), the water in water-bearing zone 2 pours in water-bearing zone 1 by waterpower tomography, its driving force is from the pressure gradient in two water-bearing zones, and along with well depth increase, water-bearing zone 2 water yield flow into inspection well, and flow velocity reduces gradually.Be almost 0 at below 27m flow velocity, illustrate in the vertical direction without natural flows, now mainly the waterpower in water-bearing zone 2 is flow over.Velocity flow profile as shown in Figure 5.
Above technical scheme explanation can realize the detection to groundwater observation well waterpower tomography by heat-flow sensor.
Below to utilizing infiltration coefficient distribution detection method under the forced convertion of vertical current amount determining device in described groundwater monitoring well to be described.
By arranging constant flow pump near phreatic line, constant current is produced in inspection well, the flow distribution signal in each water-bearing zone is as shown in Figure 6: utilize heat-flow sensor to measure inspection well vertical current discharge curve, this flow curve reflects the distribution of different water cut layer infiltration coefficient, result as shown in Figure 7:
Owing to arranging constant flow pump at well head following waterline 15m place, thermal flow meter detects and occur a larger initial flow rate between 15 to 22m, and vertical constant flow rate, illustrates not flow in this water-bearing zone, and perviousness is zero.Between 22 to 23m, flow velocity sharply reduces, and illustrates to have higher perviousness, and crossing current phenomenon is obvious, and main water body flows to as to flow to surrounding aqueous layer by inspection well; Between 23 to 26m, it is little that flow velocity comparatively goes up a section change, illustrates that this section has lower perviousness; And between 26 to 27m, flow velocity sharply reduces, illustrate that this section has lower perviousness, hydraulic flow to for by surrounding aqueous laminar flow to inspection well.
Can reach a conclusion from Fig. 5 with Fig. 7: by can obtain the infiltration coefficient distribution of underground different water cut layer to the mensuration of the vertical flow of groundwater observation well, utilize vertical current amount determining device in groundwater monitoring well to measure the vertical flow velocity of different water cut layer in natural convection and artificial forced convertion two kinds of situations, the conclusion drawn has consistance.Illustrate that in groundwater monitoring well, vertical current amount determining device has higher efficiency and several functions, and good system compatible can be had with other sample devicess.The concentration distribution of pollutants of underground reservoir can be obtained by combining with groundwater sample Sampling techniques.
Below the rig-site utilization of vertical current amount determining device in groundwater monitoring well and know-why are described.
In order to obtain the vertical concentration profile of underground reservoir, carrying out underground water stratified sampling by constant flow pump, by arranging constant flow pump near phreatic line, can ensure that in sampling process, inspection well is at the constant flow in each water-bearing zone.By vertical separation water-bearing zone, and the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION of each sampling zones can be obtained by the at the uniform velocity movement of vertical current amount determining device in groundwater monitoring well in inspection well.Sampling can from from constant flow pump sampled point farthest, the corresponding one group of concentration data of each sampling depth, the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION of whole sample region is average by being weighted of each sample region, based on the genesis analysis of infiltration coefficient above, the concentration of each sample level and the corresponding relation of infiltration coefficient can be calculated in conjunction with weighting factor, finally constitute the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION of whole sample region.
According to mixing rule, the concentration of each sample level calculates by equation (5):
In formula:
C
m (T)represent in degree of depth T place concentration measurement;
C
trepresent the concentration at degree of depth T place;
C
m (T-1)represent neighbouring sample district mixture concentration (sampled point from away from pump);
Q
trepresent the flow flowing into sample region degree of depth T;
Q
totTrepresent the total flow flowing into sample region degree of depth T;
Q
totT-1represent the flow flowing into degree of depth T-1 place of neighbouring sample district;
Separate above-mentioned equation (5) and following equation (6) can be obtained:
To sum up, if obtained the infiltration coefficient distribution (q of sample level by thermal flow meter
i/ q
t) just can calculate the concentration of each sample level, for ensureing that the flow shape in inspection well is not destroyed, in sampling process, use low discharge constant flow pump technology.Based on above principle, stratified sampling technology is applied to the halogenated hydrocarbons CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION in contaminated site leachate is measured.
Practical application and result: above-mentioned know-why is applied to in contaminated site 1,1, the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION of 2-trichorotrifluoroethane pollutant measures, and sample distribution signal as shown in Figure 8, arranges the well chimney filter of two sections of vertical direction at inspection well 21 to 26m and 34 to 40m place.Before sampling, measured the infiltration coefficient distribution of sample level by thermal flow meter.The data that test obtains list in table 1, and list the pollutant levels calculated by above-mentioned equation (6).Concentration distribution of pollutants as shown in Figure 9.Pollutant levels CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION in 21 to 23m scope is maximum as seen from the figure, along with the increase of the degree of depth, concentration reduces gradually, and by scheming also to find out that the distribution of sample level concentration and the infiltration coefficient of sample region have corresponding linear relationship, thermal flow meter system data measured lists in table 1.
The concentration determination of table 1 block sampling and result of calculation
Based on the principle of work of hot-wire anemometer, vertical current amount determining device in groundwater monitoring well is applied to the quantitative determination of underground water vertical current by the present invention, the infiltration coefficient distribution of different water cut layer in the vertical flow of groundwater observation well and block sampling can be obtained, to hydrogeological parameter around acquisition inspection well, there is vital role.Thermal flow meter and the probe incorporated that can be tested with organic pollutants concentration can be obtained groundwater observation well different water cut layer organic contamination substrate concentration, this applies China's soil and groundwater pollutant sampling survey and obtains vertical concentration profile has significant role simultaneously.
Above specific embodiments of the invention are described.It is to be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various distortion or amendment within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a hot-wire anemometer, it is characterized in that, comprise the first access interface (1), second access interface (2), Centroid (3), upward flow winding (4), lower to stream winding (5), constant current resistance (7), bridge joint (22), second operational amplifier (24), first potentiometer (27), outlet terminal (28), feedback condenser (29), divider network system (30), access the resistance (35) of the second anti-phase input terminal, system matches electric capacity (36), access the resistance (37) of the second noninverting entry terminal, output display unit (38), constant current resistance (7) comprises stabilized voltage supply (8), regulating resistance (9), positive potential node (10), voltage stabilizing diode (11), ground wire (12), the first operational amplifier (13), tie point (17), capacitor (18), NPN transistor (19), the first stake resistance (23), upward flow winding (4), lower to stream winding (5) for forming heat-flow sensor,
Upward flow winding (4) is connected between the first access interface (1) and Centroid (3), be connected to lower to flowing winding (5) between the second access interface (2) and Centroid (3), constant current resistance (7) is linked into positive potential node (10) by stabilized voltage supply (8) and regulating resistance (9) and regulates, voltage stabilizing diode (11) series winding access regulating resistance (9) also provides ground voltage by ground wire (12), first operational amplifier (13) comprises the first noninverting input node (14), first anti-phase input node (15), first output node (16), the tie point (17) between regulating resistance (9) and voltage stabilizing diode (11) is linked into by the first noninverting input node (14), and obtain regulation voltage, capacitor (18) is linked between output node (16) and the first anti-phase input node (15), and squelch is provided, NPN transistor (19) comprises controller (20) and transmitting terminal (21), the signal from the first operational amplifier (13) is received by wire, controller (20) connects positive potential node (10), transmitting terminal (21) be linked into upward flow winding (4) and lower to stream winding (5), transmitting terminal (21) provides continuous current to bridge joint (22), flow into the total current of bridge joint (22) by the first stake resistance (23) ground connection, Centroid (3) on bridge joint (22) connects the second noninverting entry terminal (25) of the second operational amplifier (24), second anti-phase input terminal (26) of the second operational amplifier (24) is linked into the first potentiometer (27), form a part for bridge joint (22), first potentiometer (27) provides zero-bit to regulate to the signal conditioning circuit at feedback condenser (29) place, outlet terminal (28) is linked into feedback condenser (29), divider network system (30) comprises the resistance (31) be connected with outlet terminal, second potentiometer (32) and the second stake resistance (33), the scan arm (34) that second potentiometer (32) comprises provides backfeed loop to anti-phase input terminal (26) by the resistance (35) of access second anti-phase input terminal, motion scan arm (34) can make the result of the second operational amplifier (24) change, the response frequency of feedback condenser (29) can be changed simultaneously, because the second operational amplifier (24) and bridge joint (22) export, there is corresponding funtcional relationship, the resistance (37) of system matches electric capacity (36) and access the second noninverting entry terminal (25) is linked into noninverting entry terminal (25), system matches electric capacity (36) ground connection, the outlet terminal (28) of the second operational amplifier (24) is exported by output display unit (38).
2. vertical current amount determining device in a groundwater monitoring well, it is characterized in that, comprise hot-wire anemometer according to claim 1, also comprise operation control system, data handling system, wherein, operation control system carries out block sampling for controlling heat-flow sensor upper and lower uniform motion in monitor well in hot-wire anemometer, hot-wire anemometer is used for the fluctuations in discharge obtaining each block sampling layer according to heat-flow sensor, and data handling system is used for obtaining vertical current discharge curve according to the fluctuations in discharge of each block sampling layer.
3. utilize a waterpower fault detecting method under the natural convection of vertical current amount determining device in the groundwater monitoring well described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step 1: connect water-bearing zone 1 and water-bearing zone 2 by groundwater monitoring well, the pressure gradient being arranged in the water-bearing zone 1 of top and the water-bearing zone 2 below being positioned at forms vertical flow from bottom to top at groundwater monitoring well;
Step 2: heat-flow sensor moves down from groundwater monitoring well water bit line, until obtain stable signal, illustrates that this depth underground water is without perpendicular flow;
Step 3: heat-flow sensor continues to move down, until water body flow signal detected, illustrates this peripherad water-bearing zone 1 of depth water body stream;
Step 4: heat-flow sensor continues to move down, until underground water steady flow detected in a depth range, illustrates in this depth range and occurs waterpower tomography;
Step 5: heat-flow sensor continues to move down, until the water volume flow rate detected is less than threshold value, illustrates that this depth is in the vertical direction without natural flows, and now mainly the waterpower in water-bearing zone 2 is flow over.
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| CN105044384B (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2018-07-24 | 中国环境科学研究院 | A kind of environment flow determines the measuring device of flow velocity of river in system |
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