CN103370665B - Method for operating a working machine, and working machine - Google Patents

Method for operating a working machine, and working machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103370665B
CN103370665B CN201180058388.5A CN201180058388A CN103370665B CN 103370665 B CN103370665 B CN 103370665B CN 201180058388 A CN201180058388 A CN 201180058388A CN 103370665 B CN103370665 B CN 103370665B
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machine
program
machine unit
unit
control device
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CN103370665A (en
Inventor
S·克劳斯科普夫
B·科拉达
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/20Pc systems
    • G05B2219/23Pc programming
    • G05B2219/23295Load program and data for multiple processors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Stored Programmes (AREA)
  • Control By Computers (AREA)

Abstract

A method for operating a working machine, wherein the working machine has at least one machine unit (2) having at least one drive device (22), and this machine unit (2) has in each case at least one control device (4) for controlling the machine unit (2), and this control device (4) has a memory device in which programs which are required for operating the respective machine units (2) are in each case stored, and wherein the machine unit or units (2) are each allocated interfaces (8) for data interchange. According to the invention, in order to change a machine configuration of the working machine (1), the programs required to change or start the machine configuration are automatically loaded into all the machine units (2), and uniform interfaces (8) are used for this purpose, and the programs are made available by a platform (20) which is independent of the working machine (1).

Description

For running method and the work machine of work machine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for running work machine and a kind of work machine.The present invention enables in particular to should In packer, printer, textiles processing machine, weaving manufacturing machine and automation equipment.Additionally it can be considered that applying in tool Have in the equipment of electric, hydraulic pressure or pneumatic driver.
Background technology
Generally this machine has the configuration of determination, for example has different machine units in delivery.But often need To change described machine configuration, for example to add other units or the renewal of execution data processor in a little moment in evening.But this Plant extension or configuration change relative difficulty in the prior art.Generally have to separately execute more on single unit Change.In the prior art this is considered first code, such as dll, program library etc. can response rate afterwards.Here generally has in list Follow the tracks of in individual step machine configuration, the configuration of bus participant, the configuration of input element and actuator new accordingly and The combination of sensing mechanism.Which results in rigid software installation configuration, described software installation configuration prevents software or project The rear loading of module.Other shortcomings are, the project configuration of determination and device configuration can not recycle.
Content of the invention
But often in order to reduce this recycling property that manufacturing cost exactly wishes assembly.In addition the use of this machine Family side also requires higher motility and the economy of different application.
Base program can also include for run automation solutions different assemblies, such as sps run time ring Border, interpolater, the driver for ancillary equipment, software oscillograph, storage management department, robot control, Communications service, fault Process etc..
Base program additionally can be updated.This for example can be carried out by Service Technicians or also can directly lead to Cross and there is the user of storage base program on the data carrier carry out.The reason update base program can be for example that fault disappears Except or Function Extension or equipment on have the demand of bigger or other software scopes.
For corresponding through engineering approaches module, need simple navigability, the cooperation improving and the common work to project Make.Additionally should be able to simply maintenance engineering software, for example rapidly update produce or different editions management (and Capacitive).In addition the interface of opening and the extensibility needing due to the instrument of other users are often also needed to.
These tasks by following according to the present invention for running the method for work machine and following there is at least one The work machine of machine unit is realized.Advantageous embodiment and improvement project are the themes of following preferred technical schemes.
According to the present invention for run work machine method in, described work machine have at least one carry extremely The machine unit of few driving means, and described machine unit has at least one for the control controlling described machine unit Device processed, and described control device has storage device, is correspondingly stored with corresponding in order to run in described storage device The program required for machine unit.In addition described machine unit or described control device have connecing for data exchange Mouthful.
According to the present invention, the machine in order to change described work machine configures automatically in all of machine unit or control Load in device processed to change or starting the program required for described machine configuration, and use unified interface for this, And described program is passed through to provide independent of the platform of described work machine.
Therefore, provide a control device for each machine unit additionally it is possible to multiple machines are controlled by a control device Unit.Term " automated system " is also used below in addition to term " control device ".Described work machine advantageously has many Individual machine unit.Described machine unit here can function independently, or also can dependently of each other work.Can also Consider the synchronization of each machine unit.In this machine unit, advantageously there are multiple driving means, wherein advantageously, by described The machine element motion of driving means execution is mutually coordinated at least in part, and wherein particularly preferably described driving means are by institute State control device control.
In a kind of preferred method, when changing machine configuration in each machine unit or in each control device Interior at least one base program of holding.
Described base program can be set on hardware and after generation preferably as unique under the condition of delivery Component software is present on described equipment.Every other component software is all installed on said device in a little moment in evening.Here Described installation is preferably executed by described base program.Therefore described base program preferably includes a kind of function, to seek in a network Look for LIST SERVER, (wherein this preferably passes through identification number and is used for electronics label to be authenticated in described LIST SERVER The method of name is realized).In addition described base program is preferably able to receive the component software listed by LIST SERVER and preferably According to the method for data compression, described component software can also be decompressed.
It is proposed that a kind of for set up and for rear load software or projects module, modular and preferred Also extendible solution.This makes it possible to recycle project configuration and device configuration and preferably can also pass through via net Network infrastructure provide, by dispatch service, the element that can load afterwards.
Unified interface is interpreted as, is particularly present a kind of standardized interface description, after its permission, " docks " difference Separate or complementary module.Described module includes all in order that with required information, for example programming System or run time system.Described module is automatically assigned on all devices of work machine or control device, Install and rear loading.
The advantage of described embodiment is that it is possible to assign very elongated platform framework first and only load afterwards in addition The module needing.Can simply assign by this way.Existing program is extended to realize new function after being furthermore possible to, And also can automatically be assigned on different equipment.
Multiple actions are supported or realized to each component software in preferably described component software, wherein said action from Select in set, it includes the startup of component software, the stopping of component software, the installation of component software, component software Update, the interface providing, the interface inquiring needs, a combination thereof etc. are provided.Each component software in described component software has Support sharply or realize all functions being previously mentioned.
Each component software in preferably described component software has state machine, and described state machine indicates it and works as Front operational mode.Said state selects from one group of state, and it includes mounted state, unloaded state, opens Dynamic state, halted state, state of activation, deactivation status, malfunction and/or similar state.Described State Transferring passes through upper The action that face is listed is realized.
In " startup " state preferably supported by all component softwares, each component software can show it at that time Specific function, and for using during " activation " state.But unified interface is preferably able to for base program All of component software is made to keep identical with regard to assigning with installing.
Other possible tasks of base program are, the method by electronic signature passes through software described in third party inspection The effectiveness of assembly and change, also reside in addition, install or update component software, wherein this for example can on control device Permanent or temporary transient memorizer is realized.Finally described base program advantageously executes startup software in control device The function of assembly.
In the prior art, above-mentioned base program can produce problem therewith, and that is, described base program is always sufficiently complex simultaneously And described base program is also distributed on different assemblies, but wherein not each machine is required for identical group on controller Part.This needs product strategy, price difference and different fault corrections and certificate problem again.
Therefore provide a kind of method of simplification by the present invention, to support different assemblies to collect on hardware and in institute State and on hardware, it is installed and assign.Change for configuration is especially appreciated that as interpolation or supplementary new unit, unit Replacing, the renewal of the software of unit etc. determining.
In addition advantageously carry out the change of machine configuration by directory service.Said directory service has prepared accordingly For the program assembly assigned.In addition described directory service has data base, wherein lists which version of which component software Which should be arranged on control device.In addition described directory service advantageously has the method for certification and electronic signature And particularly preferably also there is the method for transmitting software assembly.Said directory service advantageously connects or can connect It is connected on network infrastructure.
Therefore, firmware function complicated at present is preferably divided into single, preferred version assembly.In addition further preferably There is provided description data, described description data describes the dependence of assembly or module.Energy preferably during the assignment of assembly Enough the method for data compression is applied on described assembly, to accelerate the assignment in network and installation.
Advantageously, described control device is only equipped basic firmware in the mill and is not equipped with direct firmware function.
In another kind of advantageous approach, multiple machine units are aggregated into an automated system.It means that a control Device processed can control multiple machine units.
Program is favourable as program module, and described program module is preferably with base program collective effect and by platform There is provided.
Here is capable of installation and the assignment of program or assembly, and the real-time capacity of Bu Shi automatization hardware and decision Property becomes negatively affected.Itself realize described preferably in the case of user, such as Service Technicians are hands off in equipment Assign and install.In another kind of advantageous approach, provide program in server, on the server that is particularly present in the Internet Module.
As described above, installing in modular form in this program function, wherein LIST SERVER can be present in the overall situation Or in the network (LAN) of local.The above-mentioned LIST SERVER of here needs not to be special server, automatization's hardware by Corresponding connection to network infrastructure can also act as LIST SERVER.
Here, one or more LIST SERVER can combine in the network association of stratification, wherein in this feelings Under condition, then main directory server management allows to continue the assembly of assignment from LIST SERVER.Preferably single component or module be not only Can be mounted but also can be unloaded.Here is capable of, and control device or automatization's hardware can be used only as can not Directly reach another control device of LIST SERVER or the transit point of automatization's hardware.Carry out if necessary in this case Conversion to another agreement or transfer medium (fieldbus on Ethernet).
Control unit also can be only indirectly connected with LIST SERVER, for example by another control unit.In this feelings Under condition, component software is preferably transferred by described control unit.The assignment of new component software and installation example are if controlling list Carry out under unit (for example when accessing) or the initiation of directory service (by user input).
Realize virtualization in another kind of preferably method.It means that operation program is decoupled with the hardware under it.With this The mode of kind is capable of the free configuration of machine.
In another kind of advantageous approach, assigned to change by the fieldbus in order to run required for driving means Program required for machine configuration.In other words, described assignment can be by for operating control device or automatization's hardware And the fieldbus existing and network are realized on guide face.
In another kind of advantageous approach, each control device is equipped with clearly identifying the symbol sequence of described control device Row.Described symbol sebolic addressing especially identification number.Can determine which assembly is necessary by platform after paying described identification number Install or shift.Advantageously, assembly as described above or module are protected also by electronic signature, so that substantially Firmware is able to verify that the correctness of assembly to be mounted.Current installment state on control device additionally can be advantageously ensured that And re-establish in a little moment in evening.
In addition the invention still further relates to a kind of work machine with least one machine unit, wherein said machine unit or Each machine unit in machine unit described in person has each at least one driving means and described machine unit Machine unit is correspondingly equipped with the control device for controlling described machine unit, and this control device described or institute State these control devices and correspondingly there is storage device, be correspondingly stored with to run corresponding machine in described storage device Program required for device unit, and the interface for data exchange is wherein correspondingly distributed to described machine unit.
According to the present invention, interface uniformly constructs and can be automatically in order to change the machine configuration of described work machine To the described program required in order to change machine configuration of all of machine unit supply, and described program is passed through independent of institute The platform stating work machine provides.
In a kind of advantageous embodiment, described control device correspondingly stores base program and said procedure Based on described base program or integrated with described base program.Therefore, here modularly constructs described program.
In a preferred embodiment, described control device correspondingly has the installation kit for ensureing control device The release mechanism of safety.Advantageously, control device passes through the driving means communication of real-time bus and machine unit.
It is also advantageous that, described work machine selects from a group job machine, and it includes packer, printer, spinning Knit manufacturing machine, automation equipment, a combination thereof etc..
Brief description
Other advantages and embodiment are given by accompanying drawing.Wherein:
Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic diagram for illustrating the method according to the invention;
Fig. 2 illustrates the modular schematic diagram for illustrating program;
Fig. 3 illustrates another schematic diagram for illustrating the method according to the invention;
Fig. 4 illustrates the schematic diagram for illustrating Platform Solution.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic diagram for illustrating the present invention.Here totally has two machines with the work machine here that 1 represents Device unit 2.Described machine unit 2 here is respectively provided with multiple driving means 22, and wherein said driving means here for example can It is servo drive, hydraulic pressure or pneumatic driving means.Reference 26 accordingly refers to driving amplifier, described drive Dynamic amplifier is connected on corresponding control device 4 by real-time bus 24.Reference 16 represent visualization, described can Allow user or make user's more easily operating system depending on changing unit.For example can be for joining accordingly by visualization 16 Put and provide characteristic.
User side can send instruction by input/output device 18.Said input/output device 18 can pass through Fieldbus 28 is connected with control device 4.In this control device 4, correspondingly there is unified interface 8, can by described interface Carry out configuration change.For this purpose it is proposed, here provides guide face 20, single program module for example can be deposited on described guide face.
Described program module can be supplied individual interface 8 thus being also supplied with single control device 4 in change configuration.Phase Should can also there is corresponding intelligent object and program module is correspondingly loaded in corresponding driving amplifier 26 in ground In described driving amplifier 26.Here, these program modules can be provided by Ethernet 32 or the Internet 30.Reference 14 represent the through engineering approaches module allowing to process single software module.
Fig. 2 illustrates the modular embodiment for data processor or software.Here is in the above described manner correspondingly Setting base program 40 and multiple program 42 building on described basic module or program module.Described assembly can be Install in single control device when configuration changes or supplement.Each control device in mentioned control device 4 in Fig. 1 All there is clear and definite identification number.Control device or automatization's hardware can configure, automatization's hardware access or Whether should connect in the case of definite activation and should be connected in which directory service (verzeichnisdienst).
Pay identification number after, LIST SERVER according to its data base determine assembly to be mounted He to be updated and It is transferred at control device 4.Therefore, single program 42 is installed, updates and is started by base program 40 or basic firmware.
Fig. 3 illustrates another diagram of the method according to the invention.Here once more illustrate to have illustrated in fig. 2 by base This program 40 and program 42 composition, open, modular and extendible Platform Solution.Exactly, here Enter the modularity of line program or software.As it can be seen in Fig. 3, the project producing by this way and the hardware under it or engineering Change environment 46 to decouple.Single program 42 or application can be downloaded by multiple WWWs (web) interface.Here can be for example Download Web server is especially using google chrome 54.Reference 48 represents transport layer (transportlayer), reference 52 represents run time (runtime).
Also solve the coupling between single program 42 or software module, thus enable in particular to change implementation.
Fig. 4 illustrates described modular system.Correspondingly it is summarised in group (bundle) 45 in this individual module.Said group 45 Have for communication, open interface 8.In addition it is described group and dynamic procedural model (run time is dynamic) is set, described Procedural model allows it to install, starts, updating, stopping and unloading in the run time 52 of virtual machine.Mould in software module The size and scope wanting modular function and individual module or program 42 can also be determined in the framework of massing.
Otherwise also can, as shown in figure 3, single program 42 or software module are transferred on network, so that user Oneself can determine, which module he needs, subsequently to install it in the form of applying.
As shown in figure 3, the advantage of the solution based on browser provides the advantage that replaces operation system in this browser Unite and directly can process file in a browser.As described above, current google chrome provides this service.This The advantage of embodiment is, reduces hardware cost and there is furthermore provided using having small memory capacity and disposal ability Computer probability.
As shown in figure 3, being virtualized in addition.So-called virtualization is generally understood as operating system and the hardware solution under it Coupling.This can be implemented as described below: by defining level of abstraction between hardware and operating system, described level of abstraction is for mounted visitor Pretended the presence of real hardware for operating system in the system of family.Also can be by list in the framework of this embodiment Individual application program is decoupled with the hardware under it.In addition also can be programmed with virtual equipment and and then or only under It is mapped on physical equipment during load.It is furthermore possible to set up blanket project or program, described project or program can Multiple different configuration of machines run.Within a context, with reference to and present patent application simultaneously, entitled " for running The method of work machine and work machine (the verfahren zum betreiben einer with virtual automation Arbeitsmaschine und arbeitsmaschine mit virtueller automatisierung) " patent Shen Please.The disclosure of which is from there through with reference to entirely as present disclosure.
By the above-mentioned modularity of software program thus, it is possible to the arbitrarily empty framework (base program) of arbitrary disposition or With single component software equipment.As described above, said equipment enables in particular to by real-time performance.
Reference numerals list
1 work machine
2 machine units
4 control devices
8 interfaces
14 through engineering approaches modules
16 visualization
18 input/output devices
20 guide faces
22 driving means
24 real-time bus
26 driving amplifiers
28 fieldbus
30 the Internets
32 Ethernets
40 base programs
42 programs
45 groups
46 through engineering approaches environment
48 transport layers
52 run times
54 google chrome.

Claims (14)

1. the method being used for running work machine, wherein said work machine has at least one machine unit (2), described machine Unit (2) has at least one driving means (22) and described machine unit (2) correspondingly has at least one and is used for controlling The control device (4) of described machine unit (2), and described control device (4) has storage device, in described storage device Correspondingly it is stored with to run the program required for corresponding machine unit (2), and wherein give one or more machine Unit (2) correspondingly distributes the interface (8) for data exchange,
It is characterized in that,
The machine element motion being executed by least two driving means (22) of a machine unit (2) is mutually assisted at least in part Adjust and/or coordinate with other machines unit (2) and controlled by the control device (4) of described machine unit (2),
When changing described machine configuration, in each machine unit (2), keep at least one base program,
Each machine unit (2) obtain in order to change described work machine machine configure and have to be loaded required for journey Sequence, the described machine configuration in order to change described work machine (1) automatically loads in order to more in all of machine unit (2) Change or start the program required for the configuration of described machine, and for this using unified interface (8), and described in order to change Or start the program required for described machine configuration to pass through to provide independent of the platform (20) of described work machine (1).
2. method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that
The described change of described machine configuration is executed by described base program in each machine unit (2).
3. method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that
Multiple machine units (2) are aggregated into an automated system.
4. the method according to any one of the claims 1-3 it is characterised in that
The described program in order to change or start required for described machine configuration is provided by described platform as program module.
5. method according to claim 4 it is characterised in that
Described program module is provided on the server.
6. method according to claim 5 it is characterised in that
Described server is present in the Internet.
7. the method according to any one of the claims 1-3 it is characterised in that
Realize virtualization in the process.
8. the method according to any one of the claims 1-3 it is characterised in that
Described in order to change machine configuration required for program by described in order to run the scene required for driving means (22) Bus is assigned.
9. the method according to any one of the claims 1-3 it is characterised in that
Each control device is equipped with the symbol sebolic addressing clearly identifying described control device.
10. there is the work machine (1) of at least one machine unit (2), wherein said machine unit (2) or described machine list Each machine unit in first (2) has at least one driving means (22), and described machine unit (2) or described machine Each machine unit in unit (2) is correspondingly equipped with the control device (4) for controlling described machine unit (2), and Described control device (4) correspondingly has storage device, is correspondingly stored with corresponding in order to run in described storage device Program required for machine unit (2), and wherein correspondingly distribute the interface for data exchange to described machine unit (2) (8),
It is characterized in that,
The machine element motion being executed by least two driving means (22) of a machine unit (2) is mutually assisted at least in part Adjust and the control device (4) of described machine unit (2) be designed for controlling described machine element motion,
Correspondingly store base program in described control device (4), and described in order to run corresponding machine unit (2) institute The program needing is based on described base program, and each machine unit (2) is designed for obtaining required program to be loaded, And
Described interface (8) uniformly constructs, and can be automatically to institute in order to change the machine configuration of described work machine (1) The described program required in order to change machine configuration of some machine unit (2) supplies, and described program is by independent of institute The platform (20) stating work machine (1) provides.
11. work machines (1) according to claim 10 it is characterised in that
Described base program is designed for the change of execution described machine configuration in each machine unit (2).
12. work machines (1) according to claim 10 it is characterised in that
Described control device (4) correspondingly has the release mechanism for the installation kit safety ensureing described control device (4).
13. work machines (1) according to claim 10 it is characterised in that
Described control device (4) passes through driving means (22) communication of real-time bus (24) and described machine unit (2).
14. work machines (1) according to claim 10 it is characterised in that
Described work machine selects from a group job machine, and it includes packer, printer, weaving manufacturing machine, automatization set Standby, a combination thereof.
CN201180058388.5A 2010-12-04 2011-11-10 Method for operating a working machine, and working machine Active CN103370665B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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DE1020100534862 2010-12-04
DE102010053486.2 2010-12-04
DE201010053486 DE102010053486A1 (en) 2010-12-04 2010-12-04 Method for operating a work machine and work machine
PCT/EP2011/005639 WO2012072180A2 (en) 2010-12-04 2011-11-10 Method for operating a working machine, and working machine

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DE102012112842A1 (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg System and method for use in automation technology
CN105045246B (en) * 2015-08-20 2017-12-29 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 CIM systems and control method, production information system
CN107688472A (en) * 2016-08-03 2018-02-13 展讯通信(深圳)有限公司 The method, device and mobile terminal of preset application

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WO2012072180A3 (en) 2013-01-10
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