CN1033696C - Long-acting silicate compound fertilizer and its prepn. - Google Patents

Long-acting silicate compound fertilizer and its prepn. Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1033696C
CN1033696C CN 93114581 CN93114581A CN1033696C CN 1033696 C CN1033696 C CN 1033696C CN 93114581 CN93114581 CN 93114581 CN 93114581 A CN93114581 A CN 93114581A CN 1033696 C CN1033696 C CN 1033696C
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silicate
fertilizer
long
acting
weight percent
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CN 93114581
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CN1087890A (en
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肖荫云
赵更生
何跃华
王洪武
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Changsha Yingtong Tech Development Co
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Changsha Yingtong Tech Development Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to long-acting silicate compound special-purpose fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The long-acting silicate compound special-purpose fertilizer is prepared from 32 to 34 of silicate carriers, 25 to 28 of urea, 0 to 4 of potassium chloride, 14 to 30 of superphosphate, and 12 to 28 of lead-zinc ore tailings (by weight percentage). The preparation method for the long-acting silicate compound special-purpose fertilizer mainly comprises the steps of smelting the silicate carriers, smelting and decocting silica gel, granulating, cooling, solidifying and drying. The long-acting silicate compound special-purpose fertilizer which has obvious long-acting effect and specificity has good effect on improving soil properties, advancing and extending the blooming period, promoting blooming, etc.

Description

Long-acting silicate composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof
The present invention relates to long-acting silicate composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
At present, domestic relevant glass fertilizer and " large-particle long-acting fertilizer " (publication number CN1047852A), the glass fertilizer developed considers that domestic rice field lacks silicon and develops, it only introduces element silicon, and rare earth element and trace element do not contain three elements N, P, the K element of crop." large-particle long-acting fertilizer " be with without found mineral zeolite, float stone, wilkinite etc. make macrobead, the long-acting fertilizer of carrier, the fertilizer efficiency time of this fertilizer, it is diameter by fertilizer, length, density and intensity are regulated, regulating effect is limited, and element silicon in the mineral carrier zeolite etc. and the solubleness of trace element in water are very little, are difficult to satisfy the needs of crop to silicon and trace element.The urea that China generally uses at present, carbon ammonium, Repone K, composite fertilizer etc. mostly are the quick-acting inorganic fertilizer, volatilization loss is serious, meets water dissolution and very easily runs off, particularly nitrogen, potash fertilizer, very easily dissolve with current behind the chance water and lose, that uses at present is special-purpose fertile, as fertilizer special for tobacco, and fertilizer special for vegetable etc., also only in composite fertilizer, add a small amount of trace element, do not have long-acting purposes, the fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio is low, so long-acting fertilizer is to be badly in need of on China's agricultural solving and still unsolved key subjects.
The present invention carries out specific aim research at the weak point of above-mentioned fertilizer just, makes it reach long-acting.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of long-acting silicate composite fertilizer, and its preparation method is provided.
It is according to vegetative period of crop and the crop needs to different trace elements, fires a kind of porousness, silicate carrier that adsorptive power is strong, P 2O 5, K 2O fires in silicate carrier, and N element suppressed by vector is adsorbed.Use silica gel parcel composite fertilizer to form, N in this fertilizer, P, K can be slowly soluble in water, absorbed by crop, simultaneously the silicate body carrier of this fertilizer can dissolve into various trace elements and soluble silicon element, and element silicon in the carrier and various element also can be slowly water-soluble and utilized by crop.
Long-acting silicate of the present invention composite fertilizer, potassium, phosphoric major part are dissolved in the silicate, the nitrogen element is adsorbed by silicate, water solubility by the control silicate carrier, control the fertilizer efficiency time of fertilizer, contain trace element and more amount water-soluble silicon elements such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, boron, iron in the silicate simultaneously, to satisfy the needs of crop to element silicon and trace element.And this silicate composite fertilizer is rolled into granular by silica gel, has protected nitrogenous fertilizer not to be subjected to volatilization loss.
Silicate carrier in the long-acting silicate of the present invention composite fertilizer, be different from the normal silicate material, it has suitable solubleness, its solubleness is 50-500 times (this silicate soaks three days stripping quantities in tap water be 2%-20%) of normal silicate, it becomes chain as skeleton with silicon, trace elements such as potassium, phosphorus and boron, zinc, iron, magnesium are filled in the space of silicon skeleton, these elements in the space can move about, produce extremely strong exchange interaction with external substance, and the silicon skeleton also can be water-soluble with certain speed.This silicate is again a kind of material with many minute apertures, has very big adsorptive power, after fertilizer is used, water-soluble by medium (as water), and the N element that is not absorbed by crop is adsorbed by silicate carrier, with the potassium in the silicate, phosphorus, and trace element generation exchange interaction, the N element is stored in the silicate, and potassium, phosphoric is stripping thereupon with suitable speed, up to producing a kind of balance, along with the absorption of crop to fertilizer, the fertilizer content in soil or the rice field reduces, and this balance is broken again, N, P, K and trace element, discharge again, satisfy the needs of crop, all dissolve up to the silicon skeleton.
The solubleness of this silicate carrier is according to the vegetative period of crop or blooms, fruit and the phase determine, the crop growth period or the fruit phase of blooming are short, the solubleness height of employed silicate carrier, otherwise it is low, so that the release rate of control fertilizer, make the burst size of fertilizer reach consistent basically with the fertilizer requirement of crop, thereby reach the purpose that improves fertilizer efficiency, its content of elements is also added with the needs of compound crop.Be about 80 days the vegetative period as paddy rice, the paddy rice composite fertilizer of our development, the fertilizer efficiency release period is 70 days, except that N, P, K element, lacks the phenomenon of silicon according to paddy rice, effective silicon is brought up to more than 12%, it is slowly released in rice growing season, and other is as watermelon composite fertilizer, and the fertilizer efficiency release period is 80 days, increased the required trace elements of watermelon such as zinc, boron, iron, flowers composite fertilizer fertilizer efficiency period is 6 months etc.
Long-acting silicate of the present invention composite fertilizer, its starting material adopt silicon sand, Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL), vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, borax, zinc oxide, urea, calcium superphosphate, tailings of lead-zinc ore, soda ash etc.It comprises (weight percent): silicate carrier: 32-34 calcium superphosphate: 14-30 urea: the 25-28 tailings of lead-zinc ore: 12-28 Repone K: the compositing range of the wherein said silicate carrier of 0-4 (weight percent): SiO 23 3-65 CaO 8-20 K 2O 18-30P 2O 55-17 ZnO 0-0.8 MgO 0.1-0.8B 2O 30-0.8 Fe 2O 30.1-0.6 Al 2O 30.1-0.3 the fertilizer element content range (weight percent) of this long-acting silicate composite fertilizer: SiO 225-40 N 7-15K 2O 5-12 P 2O 54-8B 2O 30-0.6 ZnO 0-0.6MgO 0.1-0.5 Fe 2O 30.1-0.3 it comprises following process steps in the preparation technology of long-acting silicate of the present invention composite fertilizer as shown in Figure 1:
(1) founds silicate carrier
Silicate carrier starting material of the present invention comprise: silicon sand, Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL), vitriolate of tartar, zinc oxide, borax etc.
Earlier Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL) is pulverized 80 mesh sieves, pressed the proportion ingredient of the silicate carrier of various fertilizer again, after mixing, be placed on temperature and be in 1200 ℃-1300 ℃ the stove insulation 2-3 hour, and, poured cold quenching in the pond into molten good material, through pulverizing the screening of 20 mesh sieves, be the silicate carrier material.
(2) silica gel founding and boiling together
The composition range of silica gel of the present invention (weight percent):
SiO 2?80-85，Na 2O?15-20
The silica gel manufacturing uses silicon sand, soda ash, mix by proportion ingredient after, be placed on temperature and be in 1300-1400 ℃ the high alumina crucible, be incubated 2-3 hour molten good quenching afterwards, the material of quenching is placed on and boils together into silica gel in the boiling water.
(3) granulation, cooling, curing, drying
The tailings of lead-zinc ore that the present invention uses contains abundant trace element and soluble silicon, and is favourable to improving Soil structure, tailings will be crossed the screening of 20 mesh sieves during use.
Proportioning according to various composite fertilizers; with silicate carrier; urea, Repone K; calcium superphosphate, tailings after mixing, are sent in the tablets press; add 5% silica gel granulation; send into rapidly in the feed bin of sealing by conveying machinery again, with gas blower air blast cooling, solidify, dry, again through being up to the standards the packing warehouse-in.
Composition of raw material used in the present invention (weight percent): silicon sand: SiO 298.4 Al 2O 30.7 Fe 2O 30.65
Burn and lose 0.25 Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL): CaO, 38 MgO, 0.6 P 2O 529
Burn and lose 32.4 urea: N, 46 vitriolate of tartar: K 2O 50, and volatilization loss is calculated calcium superphosphate: P by 20% in stove 2O 513 soda ash: Na 2O 35, and volatilization loss is calculated tailings of lead-zinc ore: ZnO 0.13 Pb 0.006 In＜0.01 by 12% in stove
Cu 0.02 SiO 280 CaO, 12 MgO trace
Fe 2O 30.2 F 7
Example 1: long-acting silicate composite fertilizer's paddy rice composite fertilizer carrier components of the present invention (weight percent):
SiO 2 CaO K 2O P 2O 5 Fe 2O 3 MgO Al 2O 3
35.9 20 28.4 15 0.2 0.3 0.2
Silica gel composition (weight percent): SiO 285 Na 2O 15
Abide by mentioned component, press silicon sand 23.3, Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL) 33.3, vitriolate of tartar 43.3 (weight percent) batching, after mixing, be placed in 1200 ℃ the stove, be incubated 2 hours, molten good after, be placed on quenching in the pond, through pulverizing, the powder of crossing 20 mesh sieves is paddy rice composite fertilizer carrier.
With silicon sand 76; soda ash 24 (weight percent) batching; after mixing; be placed on 1400 ℃ the interior fusing of stove, be incubated 2 hours, melt the middle quenching of falling back; again glass cullet are put into the pot heating and endure synthetical glue; press then: silicate carrier 33, urea 26, calcium superphosphate 15; tailings 26 (weight percent) batching; after mixing, pour into and add 5% silica gel granulation in the tablets press in addition, be sent in the sealing feed bin with Transport Machinery then; cool off with the gas blower air blast; solidify and drying; through being up to the standards; packing is finished product, and the fertilizer element content (weight percent) of this paddy rice composite fertilizer is as follows: SiO 32.6% (effective SiO wherein 2Be 15%) N 12% (effectively N is 12%) K 2O 9.3% (wherein effectively K2O is 9%) P 2O 57% (wherein effective P2O55%) MgO 0.1%Fe 2O 30.1%
This product is made base manure under the horizontal moderate condition of nitrogen fertilizer application, mu is executed 50Kg, be single fertilization, through simultaneous test (is equal N, P, K chemical fertilizer of simple substance with reference to fertilizer), stimulation ratio is 16%, and have blast resisting and performance resistant to lodging, the detection method of this fertilizer and standard: the effective potassium of fertilizer standard detection method 〉=8% 1N NH 4AC lixiviate 3 days
Flame spectrophotometric determination available phosphorus 〉=5% 2% citric acid lixiviates 3 days
The yellow colorimetric method for determining available nitrogen of vanadium molybdenum 〉=12% 2% citric acid lixiviates 3 days
Disappear with sulfuric acid boil-formaldehyde method measured effective silicon 〉=12% 0.25 citric acid lixiviate 3 days
Silicon molybdenum blue colorimetric method is measured
0.1%≤effectively leaching speed≤0.2% of potassium soaked 1 day flame spectrophotometric determination in the tap water.
Example 2: the long-acting silicate silicate carrier composition (weight percent) that composite fertilizer-watermelon composite fertilizer adopts of the present invention:
SiO 2 CaO K 2O P 2O 5 Fe 2O 3 MgO ZnO B 2O 3 Al 2O 3
50 13 25.3 10 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.2
Silica gel composition (weight percent): SiO 280 Na 2O 20
The composition of raw material that uses is with example 1.
Abide by mentioned component and press silicon sand 34 Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL) 23 vitriolate of tartar 41 boraxs 1.6 zinc oxide 0.5 (weight percent) batching, be placed on after mixing in 1300 ℃ the stove, be incubated 2 hours, melt quenching in the pond of falling back, through pulverizing 20 mesh sieves, powder is watermelon composite fertilizer carrier again.
After preparing burden, mix with silicon sand 81, soda ash 19 (weight percent), insulation is 2 hours in 1400 ℃ stove, after the fusing, pours quenching in the water into, and heating boils together into silica gel in boiling water again.
Press silicate carrier 33 then; urea 26, calcium superphosphate 28, lead-zinc ore tailings 13 (weight percent) batching; after mixing; pour in the tablets press, other adds 5% silica gel granulation, is sent in the sealing feed bin with Transport Machinery then; with gas blower air blast cooling, solid and drying; through being up to the standards, packing is put in storage, and the micronutrient levels of this kind watermelon composite fertilizer is as follows: SiO 27.7% (wherein effective SiO 2Be 10%) N 12% (effectively N is 12%) K 2O 8.3% (wherein effective K 2O is 8%) P 2O 57% (wherein effective P 2O 5Be 5%) ZnO 0.2%B 2O 30.2%Fe 2O 30.2%MgO 0.2%
This product is tested in the land for growing field crops, makes base manure by every mu of 50Kg, contrasts every mu and executes the 25Kg cake fertilizer and add 25Kg composite fertilizer, and stimulation ratio 12% comparison of fruit rate according to high by 10%, and the sugar degree comparison is according to mean height 0.5%.
The examination criteria of this fertilizer
Effective potassium 〉=8% available phosphorus 〉=5% available nitrogen 〉=12%
Above-mentioned detection method is with example 1.The effective zinc of fertilizer standard detection method 〉=0.1% DTPA lixiviate three days, the effective boron of atomic absorption spectrophotometry 〉=0.1% boiling water lixiviate three days, the effective magnesium of azomethine colorimetric method for determining 〉=0.1% 1N NH 4AC lixiviate three days, the effective iron of atomic absorption spectrophotometry 〉=0.1% DTPA lixiviate three days, atomic absorption spectrophotometry
0.1%≤effectively leaching speed≤0.15% of potassium soaked 1 day flame spectrophotometric determination in the tap water.
Example 3: the long-acting silicate silicate carrier composition (weight percent) that composite fertilizer-flowers composite fertilizer adopts of the present invention: SiO 2CaO K 2O P 2O 5B 2O 3ZnO Fe 2O 3MgO Al 2O 360.7 9.4 20.9 7.1 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.14 0.25
Silica gel composition (weight percent): SiO 280 Na 2O 20
The composition of raw material that uses is with example 1.
Abide by mentioned component and press silicon sand 45 Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL) 18 vitriolate of tartar 36 boraxs 1.6 zinc oxide 0.5 (weight percent) batching, be placed on after mixing in 1300 ℃ the stove, be incubated 2 hours, melt quenching in the pond of falling back, through pulverizing 20 mesh sieves, powder is flowers composite fertilizer carrier again.
Silica gel is made with example 2.
Press silicate carrier 33.3, urea 3.5, calcium superphosphate 18; urea 27.7; lead-zinc ore tailings 17.5 (weight percent) batching after mixing, is poured in the tablets press; other adds 5% silica gel granulation; be sent in the sealing feed bin with Transport Machinery then, with gas blower air blast cooling, curing and dry, through being up to the standards; the packing warehouse-in, the micronutrient levels of this kind flowers composite fertilizer is as follows: SiO 34.2% (wherein effective SiO 2Be 13%) N 12.7% (effectively N is 12.7%) P 7% (wherein effectively P is 5%) K 2O 9% (wherein effective K 2O is 8.6%) B 2O 30.2%ZnO 0.2%MgO 0.2%Fe 2O 30.3%
This flowers composite fertilizer basin carry use on the flowers do base manure and topdress (1% aqueous solution) following performance is arranged:
(1) ahead of time and kind of blooming period prolonging: be to bloom the July as the green onion orchid, after using flowers composite fertilizer, promptly bloom the last ten-days period in May, and the ball orchid generally is to bloom after mid-June, blooms 1-2 time, after executing flowers composite fertilizer, advanceing to early June promptly blooms, and the flowers are in blossom constantly, the benzvalene form seven sisters rose of hanging down, after executing flowers composite fertilizer, longer blooming period 1 month.
(2) promote to yield positive results:
The Chinese holly section green grass or young crops of our test is planted 7 years, never blooms, use flowers composite fertilizer after, the fruit that bloomed, and not blooming as yet of not executing.
(3) flower growth is luxuriant:
The inspecting standard of this fertilizer and method:
Effectively potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, zinc, boron, magnesium, iron are with example 2
0.1%≤effectively leaching speed≤0.2% of potassium, method: soaked 3 days flame spectrophotometric determination in the tap water.

Claims (2)

1. a long-acting silicate composite fertilizer is characterized in that it comprises (weight percent) silicate carrier: 32-34 calcium superphosphate: 14-30 urea: 25-28 tailings of lead-zinc ore: its fertilizer element content range (weight percent): SiO of 12-28 Repone K: 0-4 225-40 N 7-15K 2O 5-12 P 2O 54-8B 2O 30-0.6 ZnO 0-0.6MgO 0.1-0.5 Fe 2O 30.1-0.3 the compositing range of wherein said silicate carrier (weight percent) is: SiO 233-65 CaO 8-20 K 2O 18-30P 2O 55-17 ZnO 0-0.8 MgO 0.1-0.8B 2O 30-0.8 Fe 2O 30.1-0.6 Al 2O 30.1-0.3
2. the preparation method of the described long-acting silicate of claim 1 composite fertilizer is characterized in that it comprises:
(1) founds silicate carrier: press SiO 233-65, CaO 8-20, K 2O 18-30, P 2O 55-17, ZnO 0-0.8, MgO 0.1-0.8, B 2O 30-0.8, Fe 2O 30.1-0.6, Al 2O 30.1-0.3 (weight percent) batching is founded then, glass melting temperature is 1200-1300 ℃, soaking time 2-3 hour, and quenching and crushing screening in the water.
(2) the founding and boiling together of silica gel: press SiO 280-85, Na 2O15-20 (weight percent) batching, soaking time 2-3 hour, boils together into silica gel by glass melting temperature: 1300-1400 ℃ in boiling water behind the quenching.
(3) granulation, cooling, curing, drying: with silicate carrier 32-34, urea 25-28, Repone K 0-4, calcium superphosphate 14-30 after tailings of lead-zinc ore 12-28 (weight percent) mixes and silica gel granulation together, forms through cooling, curing, drying.
CN 93114581 1993-11-20 1993-11-20 Long-acting silicate compound fertilizer and its prepn. Expired - Fee Related CN1033696C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN1033696C true CN1033696C (en) 1997-01-01

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102180728A (en) * 2011-01-24 2011-09-14 天津市利维特活力素科技有限公司 Anti-rice blast special rice yield-increasing fertilizer

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