CN103362520A - Marking method for three-centred arch roadway excavation contour line - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a marking method for a three-centred arch roadway excavation contour line. The marking method comprises the following steps of calculating the distance between two focuses of an ellipse, manufacturing a marking tool, calibrating a springing line, aligning the springing line and measuring a centre line point by using the marking tool, marking by using a cotton rope, and the like. According to the marking method for the three-centred arch roadway excavation contour line disclosed by the invention, data used by marking can be greatly reduced, only four data are required by full-section dimension control by using the marking tool, the marking becomes very simple and fast, and the amount of work is reduced by tens of times, and therefore, not only is the labor strength of workers reduced but also the marking work efficiency is effectively improved. The three-centred arch roadway excavation contour line marked by the marking method disclosed by the invention is accurate in positioning. The contour line is a continuous smooth curve, errors in design (hand drawing) are very small, and the marking accuracy is effectively improved, and thus, the excavation forming quality of the arch of a three-centred arch roadway can be ensured, and the phenomena of overexcavation and under-excavation are avoided occurring.

Description

The line drawing method of three-centred arch roadway construction excavation contour line

Technical field

The invention belongs to the roadway construction technical field, specifically, a kind of especially line drawing method of using oval definition, simple three-centred arch roadway construction arch excavation contour line.

Background technology

Well lane engineering form of fracture commonly used has stalk semicircular arch, stalk three-centred arch, the arched section of trapezoidal, bent wall etc., and stalk semicircular arch section is usually used in the relatively weak main roadway of wall rock condition; The stalk three-centred arch is used for relatively preferably main roadway of wall rock condition; Trapezoidal cross-section is usually used in mining roadway; The arched very poor main roadway of wall rock condition that is usually used in of bent wall.

In all roadway construction processes, all locate take the measurement center line in tunnel and stringcourse as baseline the location of roadway excavation outline line.Wherein stalk semicircular arch, trapezoidal profile line location desired data is less, and the location is simple, take the arch setting-out of stalk semicircular arch as example, as long as measure 3 data such as the size in center line, stringcourse and the semicircular arch center of circle and radius of a circle, can draw tunnel, arch outline line; And the location of tunnel, stalk three-centred arch arch outline line trace-point method commonly used wants main haulage roadway as example take certain coal master, and tunnel, arch outline line is only laid 11 some positions, just must just can finish with 22 data, and is much bigger with respect to semicircular arch section workload.

The setting-out of stalk three-centred arch section tradition is located existing deficiency with trace-point method and is:

1) because data are too many, and the workload of drawing at the construction field (site) three-centred arch roadway excavation outline line is large, not only time-consuming but also require great effort, staff's labour intensity is very big, and inefficiency.

2) traditional technique of painting arch can only be located by described point, because be segment link between the individual point, the line that draws is not continuous line segment, tunnel outline line and design error that the scene draws are large, the excavation Forming Quality of arch, three-centred arch tunnel is poor like this, and cause easily super, owe to dig phenomenon.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of technique of painting simple, convenient, the line drawing method of three-centred arch roadway construction excavation contour line accurately.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of line drawing method of three-centred arch roadway construction excavation contour line is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

1) three-centred arch roadway construction arch excavation contour line is half elliptic, calculates distance between oval two focuses according to the sagitta in the width in tunnel and tunnel;

2) make line tool: get a batten of slightly being longer than oval two focal lengths, at batten three locating pins are set, about corresponding two the oval focuses of two locating pins, the measurement centerline in the middle corresponding tunnel of a locating pin, bolt is distinguished on two corresponding locating pins of focus in two of single line rope, and the length of cotton rope movable part equals the width in tunnel;

3) measure stringcourse take the tunnel and calibrate springing line as baseline, and will measure center line and be extended down to work at present face;

4) line tool is close to springing line, middle on a line tool locating pin is alignd with the measurement centerline on the work at present face of tunnel;

5) two people pin respectively line tool, the 3rd human detail pen is near the inboard of cotton rope movable part, then tighten cotton rope and move detail pen and sign in opposite side from a side of tunnel springing line, formed curve is the arch excavation contour line of the current section in three-centred arch tunnel.

Distance between described oval two focuses is calculated by following formula:

$D=2\×\sqrt{{(\frac{1}{2}\×B)}^2-{h1}^2}$

In the formula:

The distance of oval two focuses of D---;

The width in B---tunnel;

h ₁---the sagitta in tunnel.

As everyone knows, so-called three-centred arch is comprised of one section orthodrome and two sections small arc-shapeds, and its drawing method is to come the picture sub-elliptical with compasses, and its essence is exactly an approximate semiellipse.The inner link of three-centred arch and ellipse, method and graphing method by function calculation compare checking, can find the main large lane that the colliery is commonly used, the three-centred arch of same spline span, same sagitta is with oval, when the junction of three-centred arch orthodrome, small arc-shaped overlaps with ellipse, other position error only is 0-20mm, and this error is fully within the allowed band that well lane engineering standards of acceptance outline line surpasses, owes to dig.In fact be exactly half ellipse and design at present the three-centred arch that widely used CAD drawing draws, therefore, just do not have theoretical error according to the method for the definition picture three-centred arch roadway excavation outline line of ellipse.

Beneficial effect: the present invention finds two focuses of current three-core circle cross section according to ellipse definition " a moving point (movement locus is outline line) is constants to two fixed points "; draw current range line profile with cotton rope control moving point trace; can reduce significantly the used data of setting-out; full cross dimensions control only needs 4 data; it is very simple, quick that setting-out becomes; workload decades of times ground reduces, and has both reduced staff's labour intensity, again Effective Raise the setting-out work efficiency.The three-centred arch roadway excavation outline line accurate positioning that the present invention draws, this outline line is the curve of continuously smooth, and is very little with design error, Effective Raise the setting-out precision, can guarantee like this excavation Forming Quality of arch, three-centred arch tunnel, avoid surpassing, owe to dig phenomenon and occur.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the sectional schematic diagram in three-centred arch tunnel.

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of line tool.

Fig. 3 is the use state diagram of line tool.

The specific embodiment

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:

As shown in Figure 1, the essence of three-centred arch is exactly an approximate half elliptic, therefore can use oval definition and draw three-centred arch.Definition to ellipse on the mathematics is " a moving point to two fixed points be a constant apart from sum ", and this moving motion of point track is exactly oval, and two fixed points are exactly two focuses of ellipse; According to above-mentioned definition, just can determine oval size and shape as long as know the distance of this " constant " and two " fixed points ".

As everyone knows, ellipse has a major semiaxis, semi-minor axis and two focuses, determines that an ellipse only need know oval major semiaxis and semi-minor axis or know focal length and moving o'clock the getting final product apart from sum to two fixed points of two focuses.

Position of how to confirm focus so? as seen from Figure 1, two focal point F ₁, F ₂Distance B and span length B, sagitta h ₁Relational expression be:

$D=2\×\sqrt{{(\frac{1}{2}\×B)}^2-{h1}^2}$

In the formula:

The distance of oval two focuses of D---;

The width in B---tunnel;

h ₁---the sagitta in tunnel.

As seen from Figure 1:

B=C ₁C ₂=C ₁F ₁+C ₁F ₂=F ₁a+aF ₂=F ₁a ₂+a ₂F ₂=F ₁a _n+a _nF ₂=F ₁C ₂+F ₂C ₂；

h ₁=a _O

In the formula:

C ₁, C ₂---springing;

F ₁, F ₂---elliptic focus;

The focus of o---laneway midline p and springing line q;

a _{1 ... n}---arch outline line tracing point.

Above-mentioned equation expression the span length of three-centred arch, height and the functional relation of two focus.

Its conclusion is: the focal length that can determine oval two focuses by span length, sagitta; The width in tunnel is exactly a _nTo two focal point F ₁, F ₂Apart from sum, a ₁A _nMovement locus be exactly the outline line of three-centred arch.

Accordingly, can draw, the excavation quality in control three-centred arch tunnel is as long as control the spring of arch h of current section ₁And width B, just can control the excavation Forming Quality in whole three-centred arch tunnel well.

By above analysis, just can find out the line drawing method of the outline line of three-centred arch roadway construction.

Such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, concrete operation method of the present invention is:

1) supposes that three-centred arch roadway construction arch excavation contour line is half elliptic, according to the width B in tunnel and the sagitta h in tunnel ₁Calculate oval two focal point F ₁, F ₂Between distance, formula is:

$D=2\×\sqrt{{(\frac{1}{2}\×B)}^2-{h1}^2}$

In the formula:

The distance of oval two focuses of D---;

The width in B---tunnel;

h ₁---the sagitta in tunnel.

2) make line tool: get a batten 1 of slightly being longer than oval two focal lengths, at batten 1 three locating pins 2,3,4 be set, about two locating pins 2,4 corresponding two oval focal point F ₁, F ₂, the measurement centerline in middle locating pin 3 corresponding tunnels is distinguished bolt on two corresponding locating pins 2 of focus, 4 with two of single line rope 5, and the length of cotton rope 5 movable parts equals the width in tunnel;

3) measure stringcourse m take the tunnel and calibrate springing line q as baseline, and will measure center line u and be extended down to work at present face;

4) batten 1 of line tool is close to springing line q, middle on a line tool locating pin 3 is alignd with the measurement centerline on the work at present face of tunnel;

5) two people pin respectively the batten 1 of line tool, the 3rd human detail pen is near the inboard of cotton rope 5 movable parts, then tighten cotton rope 5 and move detail pen and sign in opposite side from the side of tunnel springing line q, formed curve is the arch excavation contour line of the current section in three-centred arch tunnel; When drawing three-centred arch arch outline line, the width in tunnel is also demarcated simultaneously.

Above-mentioned measurement stringcourse, to measure center line be the construction baseline that roadway construction generally adopts, and in the mode measuring stringcourse and determine springing line and roadway floor, determine laneway midline take the measurement center line as prior art, therefore not to repeat here.

Claims (2)

1. the line drawing method of a three-centred arch roadway construction excavation contour line is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

1) three-centred arch roadway construction arch excavation contour line is half elliptic, calculates distance between oval two focuses according to the sagitta in the width in tunnel and tunnel;

2) make line tool: get a batten of slightly being longer than oval two focal lengths, at batten three locating pins are set, about corresponding two the oval focuses of two locating pins, the measurement centerline in the middle corresponding tunnel of a locating pin, bolt is distinguished on two corresponding locating pins of focus in two of single line rope, and the length of cotton rope movable part equals the width in tunnel;

3) measure stringcourse take the tunnel and calibrate springing line as baseline, and will measure center line and be extended down to work at present face;

4) line tool is close to springing line, middle on a line tool locating pin is alignd with the measurement centerline on the work at present face of tunnel;

5) two people pin respectively line tool, the 3rd human detail pen is near the inboard of cotton rope movable part, then tighten cotton rope and move detail pen and sign in opposite side from a side of tunnel springing line, formed curve is the arch excavation contour line of the current section in three-centred arch tunnel.

2. the line drawing method of three-centred arch roadway construction excavation contour line according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the distance between described oval two focuses is calculated by following formula:

$D=2\×\sqrt{{(\frac{1}{2}\×B)}^2-{h1}^2}$

In the formula:

The distance of oval two focuses of D---;

The width in B---tunnel;

h ₁---the sagitta in tunnel.

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