CN103361642B - Plasma cladding gradient wear-resistant layer and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Plasma cladding gradient wear-resistant layer and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
A plasma cladding gradient wear-resistant layer and a preparation process belong to the preparation process of the wear-resistant layer. Preparing a gradient wear-resistant cladding layer on the surface of a substrate by using an inner cladding layer and outer cladding layer alloy powder by using a plasma cladding technology to obtain a wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and impact-resistant sliding shoe wear-resistant layer of the coal mining machine; the preparation process comprises the following steps: (1) pre-treating a substrate before plasma cladding; (2) pretreating iron-based metallurgical powder before plasma cladding; (3) preparing an inner cladding layer; (4) and preparing an outer cladding layer. The plasma cladding gradient wear-resistant layer realizes gradient change of a metallographic structure from the surface of the outer cladding layer to a fusion line, the gradient cladding layer has the advantages that a single cladding layer cannot match, the optimal performance of the ceramic cladding layer and a metallurgical substrate is matched, the distribution curve of the hardness of the ceramic cladding layer from the outer cladding layer to a heat affected zone of the substrate is slowly reduced in a step shape, the surface hardness is improved, the change trend of the friction coefficient is mild, the abrasion loss is low, and the corrosion resistance and the impact resistance are greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wearing layer and preparation technology thereof, particularly a kind of plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer and preparation technology.
Background technology
Piston shoes are support components of coalcutter, are divided into and support piston shoes and guide slip shoe.The effect supporting piston shoes mainly plays a supportive role, and guide slip shoe is not only played a supporting role, and coalcutter also can be made to advance along track, works the side force offsetting rib.Piston shoes should bear the own wt of coalcutter, bear very large friction resistance again.Therefore, piston shoes are that on coalcutter base, one bears low-speed heave-load, require high vitals to wear resistance.In view of coalcutter work under bad environment, stressed complexity, and coalcutter installed power is increasing, and its weight is also more and more heavier, also more and more stricter to the requirement of piston shoes.
According to work characteristics and the Working environment of coalcutter, the piston shoes material requirements that it uses has higher hardness and intensity, good toughness and higher wear resistance and solidity to corrosion.The material being applied to piston shoes at present generally has the materials such as 42CrMo, ZG40Cr, 18Cr2Ni4W.ZG40Cr is through quench treatment, and due to the fault in material that cast steel has, it can only be used for some underloads; The intensity of 42CrMo material is higher than ZG40Cr intensity, but its wear resistance can not meet the requirement of high-power coal cutter; Although and 18Cr2Ni4W better performances, due to adding of expensive alloying elements, the piston shoes material cost made of this material monolithic and processing cost higher, its cementation zone is thinner in addition, shortcoming frangible under there is weight.Therefore, higher according to intensity, lower-cost material is as the load-bearing matrix of slipper of coal producer, and the wearing layer controlled in its surface preparation a layer thickness then can address this problem.In modern production, the surface-coating technology extensively adopted has flame plating, electric arc spraying, detonation flame spraying, built-up welding, oxygen-acetylene torch surfacing, plasma melting coating technique, electron beam cladding technology etc.
Plasma melting coating technique is the process for treating surface that development in recent years is got up, the intergranular bonding strength of cladding layer mainly metallurgical binding in plasma melting coating technique, bonding strength is higher, and this technology all have employed PLC circuit control system, easy handling, equipment price and work condition environment less demanding.At present, scholar is had to adopt plasma melting coating technique to obtain fine microstructures, densification, even, pore-free, flawless cladding layer at workpiece surface; But the interface that bi-material combines, because performance difference there will be stress concentration, and then the phenomenon occurring crackle and peel off.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to provide a kind of plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer and preparation technology, wearing layer prepared by this technique resistance to wear, corrosion-resistant, shock-resistant.
The technical scheme realizing the object of the invention is as follows: utilize plasma melting coating technique, and in adopting, cladding layer and outer cladding layer powdered alloy, prepare the wear-resisting cladding layer of gradient at matrix surface, and acquisition is resistance to worn, corrosion-resistant and impact-resistant slipper of coal producer;
Described interior cladding layer alloying constituent is, by mass percentage: Si:2% ~ 3%, Mn:1% ~ 2%, Al:0.5% ~ 1%, Mo:0.5% ~ 1.5%, Ni:3% ~ 5%, Cr
3c
2: 30% ~ 40%, surplus is Fe; Described outer cladding layer alloying constituent is, by mass percentage: Si:2% ~ 3%, Mn:1% ~ 2%, Al:0.5% ~ 1%, Mo:0.5% ~ 1.5%, Ni:3% ~ 5%, Cr
3c
2: 40% ~ 50%, surplus is Fe.
The preparation technology of plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer comprises the steps:
(1) substrate pretreatment before plasma cladding:
Select trieline or carbon tetrachloride solvent to dispose impurity and the greasy dirt of substrate surface, before plasma cladding, substrate is carried out to the preheating of 140 DEG C;
(2) iron-based metallurgical powder pre-treatment before plasma cladding:
Sieved by powder second, adopt in batching by first sieve and the grade powder stayed on second sieve, its size is distributed in 80 ~ 100 orders, and the form of powder is spherical or class is spherical; In loft drier, carry out drying at 150 DEG C of temperature, in dried powder loading dish, evenly tiling keeps 3 hours at the temperature disclosed above, will be stirred in drying process to powder; Use ball mill batch mixing, the filling amount of mixer is no more than 1/3 of its volume;
(3) preparation of interior cladding layer:
Interior cladding layer alloying constituent is, by mass percentage: Si:2% ~ 3%, Mn:1% ~ 2%, Al:0.5% ~ 1%, Mo:0.5% ~ 1.5%, Ni:3% ~ 5%, Cr
3c
2: 30% ~ 40%, surplus is Fe;
According to the difference that the cladding powdered ingredients used and cladding layer capability require, the processing parameter (as working current, operating voltage and sweep velocity etc.) adopted in selected plasma cladding, by analyzing matrix and cladding material in advance, and do correlation test, determine that the processing parameter of cladding layer in best preparation is as follows:
Plasma (orifice) gas is argon gas, working current 120-125A, operating voltage 17-17.5V, shield gas flow rate 1.2 m
3/ h, powder feeding gas flow 0.8m
3/ h, nozzle is apart from surface distance 10mm, sweep velocity 180-190mm/min.
(4) preparation of outer cladding layer:
In order to ensure that outer cladding layer is better than interior cladding layer, have the transition in performance, after being had on surface interior cladding layer sample to cool, carrying out polishing and cutting sample in surface, guarantees cladding layer consistency of thickness, surface cleaning; Carry out second time cladding at clad layer surface, outer cladding layer alloying constituent is, by mass percentage: Si:2% ~ 3%, Mn:1% ~ 2%, Al:0.5% ~ 1%, Mo:0.5% ~ 1.5%, Ni:3% ~ 5%, Cr
3c
2: 40% ~ 50%, surplus is Fe, and in its China and foreign countries' cladding layer, the comparatively interior cladding layer content of Cr3C2 content exceeds 10% ~ 20%;
Outer cladding layer plasma cladding processing parameter is as follows:
Plasma (orifice) gas is argon gas, working current 100-127A, operating voltage 16.9-21V, shield gas flow rate 1.2m
3/ h, powder feeding gas flow 0.8m
3/ h, nozzle is apart from surface distance 10mm, sweep velocity 190-200mm/min.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are: adopt above-mentioned technical scheme, plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer achieves metallographic structure from outer clad layer surface to the graded of welded bonds, gradient cladding layer has the incomparable advantage of single cladding layer, the optimum performance be particularly suitable between ceramic melt coating with metallurgical matrix is mated, its hardness is from outer cladding layer to the stepped slow decline of the distribution curve of matrix heat affected zone, surface hardness improves, under high temperature or the large environment of difference variation, can slow down or change thermal stresses sudden change and distribution, obtain high wear-resisting of bonding force, heat-resisting cladding layer, thus preventing layer is peeled off effectively, frictional coefficient variation tendency is mild, abrasion loss is low, erosion resistance, impact resistance improves greatly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the XRD figure spectrum of interior cladding layer in plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure figure of cladding layer and matrix bonding interface in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure figure at cladding layer and outer cladding layer interface in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that wearing layer of the present invention is from clad layer surface until the hardness distribution of the non-heat affected zone of substrate.
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional morphology of plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer of the present invention under 100 cycle circulation impacts.
Fig. 6 is that plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer of the present invention is 1 × 10
5cross-sectional morphology under cycle circulation impact.
Embodiment
Above content part of the present invention, to invention has been sufficient explanation, is described in further details the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, and present embodiment is only best mode for carrying out the invention, not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
In plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer, cladding layer composition (% by weight) is as follows:
Si:2%, Mn:2%, Al:1%, Mo:0.5%, Ni:4%, Cr
3c
2: 30%, surplus is Fe.
The outer cladding layer composition (% by weight) of plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer is as follows:
Si:2%, Mn:2%, Al:1%, Mo:0.5%, Ni:4%, Cr
3c
2: 40%, surplus is Fe.
This gradient wear resistant layer is prepared as follows:
First for ensureing plasma cladding effect, using trieline to dispose impurity and the greasy dirt on matrix (#45 steel) surface, 140 DEG C of preheatings are carried out to matrix.By sieve method and microscopic observation method are screened each component powders excessively, size is distributed in 80 ~ 100 orders, for increasing the fluency of powder feeding, powder morphology controls spherical or class is spherical, then each component powders is evenly tiled and put into loft drier and carry out drying, temperature controls, at 150 DEG C, to be stirred in drying process to powder.Use ball mill to be mixed by each component powders, mixing time 1h, filling amount is no more than 1/3 of ball grinder volume.Use PLC plasma spraying welding equipment to prepare cladding layer, in preparation during cladding layer, select argon gas as plasma (orifice) gas, working current 120A, operating voltage 17.5V, shield gas flow rate 1.2m
3/ h, powder feeding gas flow 0.8m
3/ h, nozzle is apart from surface distance 10mm, sweep velocity 190mm/min.Polish to cladding rear surface and cut sample, guaranteeing cladding layer consistency of thickness, surface cleaning, carrying out second time cladding at clad layer surface, outer cladding layer powder composition as previously mentioned.The outer cladding layer of same use PLC plasma spraying welding equipment preparation, selected argon gas is plasma (orifice) gas, working current 100A, operating voltage 21V, shield gas flow rate 1.2m
3/ h, powder feeding gas flow 0.8m
3/ h, nozzle is apart from surface distance 10mm, sweep velocity 200mm/min.
Embodiment 2:
In plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer, cladding layer composition (% by weight) is as follows:
Si:2%, Mn:2%, Al:1%, Mo:0.5%, Ni:4%, Cr
3c
2: 30%, surplus is Fe.
The outer cladding layer composition (% by weight) of plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer is as follows:
Si:2%, Mn:2%, Al:1%, Mo:0.5%, Ni:4%, Cr
3c
2: 50%, surplus is Fe.
Use cladding layer processing parameter in the preparation of PLC plasma spraying welding equipment as follows:
Plasma (orifice) gas: argon gas, working current: 120A, operating voltage: 17.5V, shield gas flow rate: 1.2m
3/ h, powder feeding gas flow: 0.8m
3/ h, nozzle are apart from surface distance: 10mm, sweep velocity: 190mm/min.
Use the outer cladding layer processing parameter of PLC plasma spraying welding equipment preparation as follows:
Plasma (orifice) gas: argon gas, working current: 127A, operating voltage: 16.9V, shield gas flow rate: 1.2m
3/ h, powder feeding gas flow: 0.8m
3/ h, nozzle are apart from surface distance: 10mm, sweep velocity: 190mm/min.
Preparation method and example 1 are together.
Fig. 1 is the XRD figure spectrum of interior cladding layer in example 1 plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer, containing AlFe, (Fe, Cr) in cladding layer
7c
3, the thing phase such as austenite Fe (Cr, Ni).(Fe, Cr)
7c
3content also higher, this is because under plasma cladding high temperature action, the element solid solutions such as Fe, Cr, C, Ni, Al are in γ-Fe, part alloy carbide is due to Fe, the elements such as Cr and C element are in hypersaturated state, constantly separate out from crystal boundary in process of cooling afterwards and formed, another small portion is that the alloying element do not melted due to some is at high temperature directly formed.
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure figure of cladding layer and matrix bonding interface in example 1, cladding layer metallographic structure presents very uniform dentrite, and crystal boundary is very orderly, without obvious hole, between cladding layer and substrate, transition is good, reaches metallurgical binding, cladding layer part presents plane crystalline substance tissue, due to containing certain C r element, interface presents white light tone, i.e. " white band ".
Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure figure at cladding layer and outer cladding layer interface in example 1, containing a large amount of intermetallic compound in outer microstructure of surface cladding layer, comprising (Fe, Cr)
7c
3hexagonal structure, and dense structure is even, " bright layer " between individual layer cladding layer and matrix is not found between outer cladding layer and interior cladding layer, when showing cladding layer outside cladding, interior cladding layer fusing, and the thermograde of bonding interface reduces, solidified structure growth rate is accelerated, and does not form plane crystalline substance.And outer cladding layer bottom organize very tiny, and the dentrite smooth transition of interior cladding layer, the Tissue Base of outer cladding layer is (Fe, Cr) austenite, and carbide also Dispersed precipitate, in substratel, forms wear-resisting skeleton in cladding layer.
Fig. 4 be example 2 wearing layer from clad layer surface until the hardness distribution of the non-heat affected zone of substrate, hardness is up to 735HV
0.1, be about 4 ~ 5 times of substrate hardness, and whole hardness profile has obvious graded at interior cladding layer place.
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional morphology of example 2 plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer under 100 cycle circulation impacts, and cross section presents intact pattern, not only obvious viscous deformation does not occur, and gradient bonding interface also has no separation and crack initiation.
Fig. 6 is that example 2 plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer is 1 × 10
5cross-sectional morphology under cycle circulation impact, cross-sectional deformation is lighter, only having between interior cladding layer and outer cladding layer has crackle to generate, and outwards cladding layer spreads, the bonding interface of interior cladding layer and substrate shows well, generates without obvious fatigue cracking, by substrate deformation district visible material under the effect of surging force, at grain boundaries generation layered extrusion, but visible without crackle.
Claims (1)
1. the preparation technology of a plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer, it is characterized in that: utilize plasma melting coating technique, in adopting, cladding layer and outer cladding layer powdered alloy, prepare the wear-resisting cladding layer of gradient at matrix surface, and acquisition is resistance to worn, corrosion-resistant and impact-resistant slipper of coal producer; The preparation technology of plasma cladding gradient wear resistant layer comprises the steps:
(1) substrate pretreatment before plasma cladding:
Select trieline or carbon tetrachloride solvent to dispose impurity and the greasy dirt of substrate surface, before plasma cladding, substrate is carried out to the preheating of 140 DEG C;
(2) iron-based metallurgical powder pre-treatment before plasma cladding:
Sieved by powder second, adopt in batching by first sieve and the grade powder stayed on second sieve, its size is distributed in 80 ~ 100 orders, and the form of powder is spherical or class is spherical; In loft drier, carry out drying at 150 DEG C of temperature, in dried powder loading dish, evenly tiling keeps 3 hours at the temperature disclosed above, will be stirred in drying process to powder; Use ball mill batch mixing, the filling amount of mixer is no more than 1/3 of its volume;
(3) preparation of interior cladding layer:
Interior cladding layer alloying constituent is, by mass percentage: Si:2% ~ 3%, Mn:1% ~ 2%, Al:0.5% ~ 1%, Mo:0.5% ~ 1.5%, Ni:3% ~ 5%, Cr
3c
2: 30% ~ 40%, surplus is Fe;
According to the difference that the cladding powdered ingredients used and cladding layer capability require, the processing parameter adopted in selected plasma cladding, by analyzing matrix and cladding material in advance, and does correlation test, determines that the processing parameter of cladding layer in best preparation is as follows:
Plasma (orifice) gas is argon gas, working current 120-125A, operating voltage 17-17.5V, shield gas flow rate 1.2 m
3/ h, powder feeding gas flow 0.8m
3/ h, nozzle is apart from surface distance 10mm, sweep velocity 180-190mm/min;
(4) preparation of outer cladding layer:
In order to ensure that outer cladding layer is better than interior cladding layer, have the transition in performance, after being had on surface interior cladding layer sample to cool, carrying out polishing and cutting sample in surface, guarantees cladding layer consistency of thickness, surface cleaning; Carry out second time cladding at clad layer surface, outer cladding layer alloying constituent is, by mass percentage: Si:2% ~ 3%, Mn:1% ~ 2%, Al:0.5% ~ 1%, Mo:0.5% ~ 1.5%, Ni:3% ~ 5%, Cr
3c
2: 40% ~ 50%, surplus is Fe, and in its China and foreign countries' cladding layer, the comparatively interior cladding layer content of Cr3C2 content exceeds 10% ~ 20%;
Outer cladding layer plasma cladding processing parameter is as follows:
Plasma (orifice) gas is argon gas, working current 100-127A, operating voltage 16.9-21V, shield gas flow rate 1.2m
3/ h, powder feeding gas flow 0.8m
3/ h, nozzle is apart from surface distance 10mm, sweep velocity 190-200mm/min.
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| CN106367706B (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2018-09-21 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of plasma spray gradient wearing plate and its preparation method and application |
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| CN109590589A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-04-09 | 四川国鑫机械制造有限公司 | Plasma powder cladding overlay cladding and its overlaying method |
| CN111058034A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-24 | 天津牧耘科技有限公司 | Multiple cladding preparation method for rake tooth alloy of agricultural machinery |
| CN111235516A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-05 | 烟台军恒工程机械设备有限公司 | Plasma cladding method for hydraulic drill rod |
| CN111347043B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2022-04-01 | 南京理工大学 | Method for preparing heterogeneous material by plasma cladding |
| CN112159938B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-04-02 | 佳木斯大学 | Preparation method of high-wear-resistance field soil-contacting farm tool |
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