CN103354364A - Convergence system, and method for improving generating efficiency of photovoltaic system - Google Patents
Convergence system, and method for improving generating efficiency of photovoltaic system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103354364A CN103354364A CN2013102393481A CN201310239348A CN103354364A CN 103354364 A CN103354364 A CN 103354364A CN 2013102393481 A CN2013102393481 A CN 2013102393481A CN 201310239348 A CN201310239348 A CN 201310239348A CN 103354364 A CN103354364 A CN 103354364A
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Abstract
The invention provides a convergence system which comprises a digital signal processing unit, a data acquisition unit, a switching drive circuit and at least one connection branch circuit. The connection branch circuit includes a first branch circuit and multiple second branch circuits, wherein every input end of the second branch circuits is connected to an output end of the second branch circuit and an output end of the first branch circuit respectively through a first switch device and a second switch device. The digital signal processing unit creates a switching instruction according to current acquired by the data acquisition unit and maximal power and a maximal efficiency point of every inverter, so as to enable the switching drive circuit to output control signals for switching on or switching off the first switch devices and the second switch devices. The invention further provides a method for improving the generating efficiency of the photovoltaic system. According to the convergence system and the method, the first switch devices and the second switch devices are controlled through detecting output power of every connection branch circuit, and convergence and transformation of current input by multiple photovoltaic circuits are realized, and thus the general generating efficiency of the photovoltaic system is effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of photovoltaic power generation, more particularly, relate to a kind of method of conflux system and raising photovoltaic system generating efficiency.
Background technology
Solar energy is a kind of regenerative resource of cleaning, more and more is subject to people's favor.Solar energy photovoltaic system is to utilize solar module and other auxiliary equipment to convert solar energy the system of electric energy to, and it both can alleviate the pressure of energy crisis, can protect and improve environment again, was subject to comprising that the multinational government of China supports.
Solar energy grid-connected photovoltaic system is to use at present comparatively widely one of photovoltaic generating system, and its direct current with the photovoltaic array generation directly accesses electricity network convert the alternating current that meets the utility grid requirement to through combining inverter after.In grid-connected photovoltaic system, because directly electric energy is inputted electrical network, no longer dispose storage battery, the process that has saved batteries to store energy and release, can take full advantage of solar panel electricity power, thereby reduce the loss of energy, and reduce the cost of system.But need special-purpose combining inverter in the above-mentioned grid-connected photovoltaic system, satisfy grid power to voltage, the requirement of the indexs such as frequency with the electric power that guarantees output.Because the problem of inverter conversion efficiency still has energy loss partly.
Total inversion efficiency of solar energy grid-connected photovoltaic system be each inverter power point of system with its gross power in the period integration of weights determine.Converting Unit in the existing grid-connected photovoltaic system, major part are to be made of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter with its power match of one road photovoltaic conflux output configuration, and all are to realize confluxing in the armstrong's patent mode in header box and the power distribution cabinet in this mode.
Because the loss characteristic of inverter, its inversion efficiency inversion efficiency maximum with it differs larger when inverter is operated in low-power point, and generally speaking, the power grade of inverter is lower, and this gap is larger.And the man-to-man mode of confluxing of above-mentioned Manual mechanical, when the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cell was hanged down, inverter also can be operated in low-power point.And actual photovoltaic battery panel is always not high because of a variety of causes conversion efficiency, such as intrinsic light characteristics, wet weather, shade etc., has so just limited to a certain extent the raising of the inversion efficiency of whole grid-connected photovoltaic system yet.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for the not high problem of inverter conversion efficiency in the above-mentioned photovoltaic system, provides a kind of method of conflux system and raising photovoltaic system generating efficiency.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is, a kind of system of confluxing is provided, comprise digital signal processing unit, data acquisition unit, switching drive circuit and at least one connection branch road group, wherein: described connection branch road group comprises first branch road, a plurality of the second branch road, organizes the first switching device more and organizes the second switch device more; Described the first branch road be connected in the branch road each and be used for connecting a solar cell panel assembly-inverter pair, and the input of each described the second branch road is connected to the output of this second branch road by one group of first switching device and is connected to the output of the first branch road by one group of second switch device; Described data acquisition unit be used for to gather each the electric current of output of the first branch road and the second branch road; Described digital signal processing unit, the maximum power and the pressure point of maximum efficiency that are used for each inverter of the electric current that gathers according to data acquisition unit and setting create switch command; Described switching drive circuit, the control signal that is used for connecting the control end of the first switching device and second switch device and makes the first switching device and second switch break-over of device or disconnection according to described switch command output.
In the system of confluxing of the present invention, described digital signal processing unit comprises that power points computation subunit, the first instruction create subelement, wherein: described power points computation subunit is used for calculating respectively separately power output according to the electric current from the first branch road of data acquisition unit collection and the second branch road output; Described the first instruction creating unit, produce the first switching device conducting that makes this second branch road, the instruction that the second switch device disconnects when being used for power output at the second branch road greater than first threshold, and produce in the power output of this second branch road that the first switching device that makes this second branch road disconnects, the instruction of second switch break-over of device during less than first threshold.
In the system of confluxing of the present invention, described digital signal processing unit comprises that the second instruction creates subelement, produces when being used for power output at the first branch road greater than Second Threshold that the second switch device that makes this first branch road place connect the second branch road of branch road group power output maximum disconnects, the instruction of the first switching device conducting.
In the system of confluxing of the present invention, described the first switching device and second switch device are respectively the switching device with unidirectional general character.
In the system of confluxing of the present invention, described data acquisition unit comprises the current sensor that is serially connected in the first branch road and the second branch road.
The present invention also provides a kind of method that improves the photovoltaic system generating efficiency, described photovoltaic system comprises that at least one connects the branch road group, and wherein: described connection branch road group comprises first branch road, a plurality of the second branch road, organizes the first switching device more and organizes the second switch device more; Described the first branch road be connected in the branch road each and be used for connecting a solar cell panel assembly-inverter pair, and the input of each described the second branch road is connected to the output of this second branch road and is connected to the output of the first branch road by one group of second switch device by one group of first switching device, and the method may further comprise the steps:
(a) electric current of the output of each in collection the first branch road and the second branch road;
Maximum power and the pressure point of maximum efficiency of the electric current that (b) gathers according to data acquisition unit and each inverter of setting create switch command;
(c) export the control signal that makes the first switching device and second switch break-over of device or disconnection according to described switch command.
In the method for raising photovoltaic system generating efficiency of the present invention, described step (b) comprising:
Calculate respectively separately power output according to the electric current from the first branch road of data acquisition unit collection and the second branch road output;
Produce the first switching device conducting of making this second branch road, instruction that the second switch device disconnects during greater than first threshold in the power output of the second branch road, produce in the power output of this second branch road that the first switching device that makes this second branch road disconnects, the instruction of second switch break-over of device during less than first threshold.
In the method for raising photovoltaic system generating efficiency of the present invention, described step (b) comprising:
Produce in the power output of the first branch road that the second switch device that makes this first branch road place connect the second branch road of power output maximum in branch road group disconnects, the instruction of the first switching device conducting during greater than Second Threshold.
In the method for raising photovoltaic system generating efficiency of the present invention, described the first switching device and second switch device are respectively the switching device with unidirectional general character.
In the method for raising photovoltaic system generating efficiency of the present invention, the current sensor of the output of described step (a) by being serially connected in the first branch road or the second branch road is realized current acquisition.
The method of conflux system and raising photovoltaic system generating efficiency of the present invention, output power the first switching device and the second switch device that connect branch road by detecting each, the electric current of realizing the input of multichannel photovoltaic merges conversion, can effectively avoid promoting the total generating efficiency of photovoltaic system, improve the return rate of power station investment.In addition, the present invention has avoided photovoltaic battery panel to fill with the risk that causes damage because power grid energy is anti-also by the one-way conduction switching device.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the conflux schematic diagram of system embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of digital signal processing unit in the system of confluxing of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that connects the branch road group in the system of confluxing of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the schematic flow sheet that the present invention improves the embodiment of the method for photovoltaic system generating efficiency.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Shown in Fig. 1-2, it is the conflux schematic diagram of system embodiment of the present invention.The system of confluxing of present embodiment comprises digital signal processing unit 12, data acquisition unit 11, switching drive circuit 14 and a plurality of connection branch road group 13, wherein each connects branch road group 13 and comprises first branch road, a plurality of the second branch roads, many group the first switching devices 131 and many group second switch devices 132, above-mentioned the first branch road be connected in the branch road each and be used for connecting a solar cell panel assembly-inverter pair, and the input of each the second branch road is connected to the output of this second branch road by one group of first switching device 131 and is connected to the output of the first branch road by one group of second switch device 132.Data acquisition unit 11 is connected in the first branch road of connecting in the branch road group and the second branch road output of each; The input of digital signal processing unit 12 and output be connection data collecting unit 11 and switching driver element 14 respectively; The output of switching driver element 14 is connected to the control end of each first switching device 131 and second switch device 132.
Above-mentioned data acquisition unit 11 is for the electric current of the output of each in the first branch road that gathers connection branch road group and the second branch road.Particularly, this data acquisition unit 11 can comprise the current sensor of the output that is serially connected in respectively the first branch road and the second branch road.Certainly, in actual applications, data acquisition unit 11 also can be realized the current signal collection by other elements or circuit.
Switching drive circuit 14 is used for connecting the control end of the first switching device 131 and second switch device 132, and according to the control signal that makes the first switching device 131 and 132 conductings of second switch device or disconnection from the switch command output of digital signal processing unit 12.
Maximum power and pressure point of maximum efficiency (system cache of digital signal processing unit can input and store into by external device (ED) to the maximum power of this inverter and pressure point of maximum efficiency) that digital signal processing unit 12 is used for the electric current (i.e. the electric current of the first branch road and the second branch road output) that gathers according to data acquisition unit 11 and each inverter of setting create switch command.
Especially, above-mentioned digital signal processing unit 12 comprises that power points computation subunit 121 and the first instruction create subelement 122, this power points computation subunit 121 and the first instruction create subelement 122 and specifically can be realized by the software that is integrated into same microprocessor, also can be realized by different microprocessors.Power points computation subunit 121 is used for calculating respectively according to the electric current of the first branch road of data acquisition unit 11 collections and the second branch road output the power output of each first branch road and the second branch road; The first instruction creating unit 122 produces the first switching device 131 conductings that make this second branch road when being used for power output at arbitrary the second branch road greater than first threshold, the instruction (carrying out current transformation thereby make this second branch road directly deliver to the inverter that is connected to this second branch road from the direct current of solar module) that second switch device 132 disconnects, and produce during less than first threshold in the power output of this second branch road the first switching device 131 of this second branch road is disconnected, the instruction of second switch device 132 conductings (thereby making this second branch road carry out current transformation from the inverter that being flowed to of solar module is connected with the first branch road).In actual applications, above-mentioned first threshold can be set to be connected to this second branch road output inverter pressure point of maximum efficiency (MEP, Max Efficiency Point) or be slightly less than the value of pressure point of maximum efficiency, specifically can determine according to the configuring condition of system.
In addition, above-mentioned digital signal processing unit 12 can comprise that also the second instruction creates subelement 123, this second instruction creates subelement 123 and can be realized by the software that is integrated into microprocessor equally, and produces that the second switch device 132 that makes this first branch road place connect the second branch road of branch road group power output maximum disconnects, the instruction of the first switching device 131 conductings when being used for power output at the first branch road greater than Second Threshold.Above-mentioned Second Threshold can be set as the full-load power point (Pmax) of the inverter that is connected with the first branch road.Like this, can during greater than the full-load power point of inverter, the outputting cutting that connects the second branch road of realtime power maximum in the branch road group be got back to the inverter that is connected with this second branch road in the power output of the first branch road.
For avoiding the first switching device 131 in the second branch road, second switch device 132 to create repeatedly open and close of subelement 123 because carrying out the first instruction establishment subelement 122 and the second instruction, (for example the power output of a certain the second branch road is less than first threshold when the first instruction creates subelement 122 and the second instruction establishment subelement 123 establishment instruction conflict, but the power output of the first branch road is greater than Second Threshold), digital signal processing unit 12 is only exported the instruction that the second instruction creating unit 123 creates.
The first switching device 131 and second switch device 132 are respectively the switching device with unidirectional general character, for example can be for IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor), GTO (but switch thyristor) but or other switch electronic devices, can be by the control of gate voltage or electric current being realized the Free Switching of output.
By the amount of capacity of the applied photovoltaic system of system and the varying in size of institute's configuration inverter capacity of confluxing, the system of confluxing shown in Figure 1 can comprise a plurality of branch road groups 13 that independently connect, each connects the branch road group and comprises the independently photovoltaic cell input of N road, the numerical value of N is better with 3 or 4, as shown in Figure 3.Below connect branch road group 13 as example take one of them, the selection of N numerical value is described:
Because the pressure point of maximum efficiency (MEP of most of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters, Max Efficiency Point) between 25%～50% full-load power (Pmax), because the relation of cost, the output of the system of confluxing of present embodiment is adopted the array switching but not the matrix form switching, if inverter MEP is 25%Pmax, when the Current calculation that digital signal processing unit 12 gathers according to data acquisition unit 11 obtains the power P on of which road solar module input＜25%Pmax, this road output switching can be exported to the first branch road, and be stopped the work of the inverter of its original correspondence.In the consistent situation of every road photovoltaic cell Radiation Characteristics, if the way in the subsystem greater than 4 the tunnel, then when 20%Pmax＜Pon＜25%Pmax, the first branch road output gross power surpasses can Pmax, inversion efficiency can not improve on the contrary and can reduce.
As shown in Figure 4, it is the schematic flow sheet that the present invention improves the embodiment of the method for photovoltaic system generating efficiency, wherein photovoltaic system comprises that at least one connects the branch road group, a plurality of the first switching devices and a plurality of second switch device, above-mentioned connection branch road group comprises first branch road and a plurality of the second branch road, and the first branch road be connected in the branch road each and be used for connecting a solar cell panel assembly-inverter pair: the input of each the second branch road is connected to the output of this second branch road by one group of first switching device, and be connected to the output of the first branch road by one group of second switch device, the method may further comprise the steps:
Step S41: the electric current that gathers the output of each in the first branch road and the second branch road.In this step, the current sensor of output that can be by being serially connected in the first branch road and the second branch road is realized current acquisition.
Step S42: maximum power and the pressure point of maximum efficiency of the electric current that gathers according to data acquisition unit and each inverter of setting create switch command.
In this step, can comprise: calculate respectively separately power output according to the electric current from the first branch road of data acquisition unit collection or the second branch road output; Produce in the power output of the second branch road that the first switching device that makes this second branch road disconnects during greater than first threshold, the instruction of second switch break-over of device, produce in the power output of this second branch road that the first switching device that makes this second branch road disconnects, the instruction of second switch break-over of device during less than first threshold; And produce in the power output of the first branch road that the second switch device that makes this first branch road place connect the second branch road of power output maximum in branch road group disconnects, the instruction of the first switching device conducting during greater than Second Threshold.
Step S43: the control signal that makes the first switching device and second switch break-over of device or disconnection according to described switch command output.Above-mentioned the first switching device and second switch device are respectively the switching device with unidirectional general character, such as IGBT, GTO etc., and it can prevent the photovoltaic cell component reversal connection, has reduced photovoltaic cell component and has filled with the damage risk that causes because power grid energy is anti-.
Since the total inversion efficiency of photovoltaic system by each inverter power point and and gross power in the period integration of weights determined, when abbreviate evaluate system inversion efficiency, what be subject at present extensively approval is European efficiency (Europe effect) formula, its 6 feature power points by getting inversion system and the sum of products of these 6 somes weights in European irradiation situation, assess total inversion efficiency, these 6 points and their probability are as shown in the table:
| Power points | 5% | 10% | 20% | 30% | 50% | 100% |
| Weights | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.1 | 0.48 | 0.2 |
The Europe effect can be shown by formula table:
η
E=0.03η
5%+0.06η
10%+0.13η
20%+0.1η
30%+0.48η
50%+0.2η
100%
The below illustrates that as evaluation condition system and method for the present invention is to the castering action of photovoltaic system generating efficiency with the Europe effect.Be simplified illustration, the connection branch road group 13(hypothesis of system of supposing to conflux comprises first branch road and N-1 the second branch road) the radiation parameter of each road battery input consistent, when the irradiation of each road battery input is 5%Pmax, N-1 the second branch road is exported all switching to the first branch road, the power points of the corresponding inverter of first via this moment is promoted to 5*N%, during irradiation 10%Pmax, power points is promoted to 10*N%, by that analogy, until when detecting which road irradiation intensity approaches and surpassing MEP no longer this road output switching to the first branch road, if the gross output of the first branch road surpasses corresponding inverter maximum power, then the second branch road switchback that connects realtime power maximum in the branch road group 13.
Suppose that N is 4, MEP is 40%Pmax, the power output of each in the first branch road and the second branch road be 30%Pmax(since 4 tunnel gross powers that merge greater than Pmax, so need cut out second branch road, the inversion efficiency of 30%Pmax power points is got the mean value of 90%Pmax and 30%Pmax weights), the Ou Xiaowei after then promoting:
The data of choosing 2 sections of inverters illustrate the lifting effect of Europe effect, and following table is the inversion efficiency of the different loads point of 2 sections of inverters:
| Power points/% | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
| |
76.5 | 85 | 90.5 | 92 | 92.5 | 93 | 93.1 | 93.1 | 93 |
| Inverter 2 | 90.2 | 93.5 | 95.5 | 96.4 | 96.5 | 96.7 | 96.2 | 96 | 95.8 |
The Europe of 2 sections of inverters is imitated and is respectively by the system's Europe effect after the inventive method lifting:
Inverter 1:
η
E=0.03*76.5+0.06*85+0.13*90.5+0.1*92+0.48*93.1+0.2*93=0.916
Total inversion efficiency promotes 1.3%.
Inverter 2:
η
E=0.03*90.2+0.06*93.5+0.13*95.5+0.1*96.4+0.48*96.7+0.2*95.8
=0.959
Total inversion efficiency promotes 0.5%.
From following formula, can find out, the lifting effect of Europe effect is more obvious when the low POL inversion efficiency of inverter is lower, owing to the reason from some inherent losses such as power consumptions, generally speaking the less efficient of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter power is lower, so the application prospect of method provided by the present invention in middle-size and small-size photovoltaic system is boundless.
The above; only for the better embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claim.
Claims (10)
1. system of confluxing, it is characterized in that: comprise digital signal processing unit, data acquisition unit, switching drive circuit and at least one connection branch road group, wherein: described connection branch road group comprises first branch road, a plurality of the second branch road, organizes the first switching device more and organizes the second switch device more; Described the first branch road be connected in the branch road each and be used for connecting a solar cell panel assembly-inverter pair, and the input of each described the second branch road is connected to the output of this second branch road by one group of first switching device and is connected to the output of the first branch road by one group of second switch device; Described data acquisition unit be used for to gather each the electric current of output of the first branch road and the second branch road; Described digital signal processing unit, the maximum power and the pressure point of maximum efficiency that are used for each inverter of the electric current that gathers according to data acquisition unit and setting create switch command; Described switching drive circuit, the control signal that is used for connecting the control end of the first switching device and second switch device and makes the first switching device and second switch break-over of device or disconnection according to described switch command output.
2. the system of confluxing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described digital signal processing unit comprises that power points computation subunit, the first instruction create subelement, wherein: described power points computation subunit is used for calculating respectively separately power output according to the electric current from the first branch road of data acquisition unit collection and the second branch road output; Described the first instruction creating unit, produce the first switching device conducting that makes this second branch road, the instruction that the second switch device disconnects when being used for power output at the second branch road greater than first threshold, and produce in the power output of this second branch road that the first switching device that makes this second branch road disconnects, the instruction of second switch break-over of device during less than first threshold.
3. the system of confluxing according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described digital signal processing unit comprises that the second instruction creates subelement, produces when being used for power output at the first branch road greater than Second Threshold that the second switch device that makes this first branch road place connect the second branch road of branch road group power output maximum disconnects, the instruction of the first switching device conducting.
4. the system of confluxing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described the first switching device and second switch device are respectively the switching device with unidirectional general character.
5. the system of confluxing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described data acquisition unit comprises the current sensor that is serially connected in the first branch road and the second branch road.
6. method that improves the photovoltaic system generating efficiency, it is characterized in that: described photovoltaic system comprises that at least one connects the branch road group, and wherein: described connection branch road group comprises first branch road, a plurality of the second branch road, organizes the first switching device more and organizes the second switch device more; Described the first branch road be connected in the branch road each and be used for connecting a solar cell panel assembly-inverter pair, and the input of each described the second branch road is connected to the output of this second branch road and is connected to the output of the first branch road by one group of second switch device by one group of first switching device, and the method may further comprise the steps:
(a) electric current of the output of each in collection the first branch road and the second branch road;
Maximum power and the pressure point of maximum efficiency of the electric current that (b) gathers according to data acquisition unit and each inverter of setting create switch command;
(c) export the control signal that makes the first switching device and second switch break-over of device or disconnection according to described switch command.
7. the method for raising photovoltaic system generating efficiency according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described step (b) comprising:
Calculate respectively separately power output according to the electric current from the first branch road of data acquisition unit collection and the second branch road output;
Produce the first switching device conducting that makes this second branch road, the instruction that the second switch device disconnects during greater than first threshold in the power output of the second branch road, produce in the power output of this second branch road that the first switching device that makes this second branch road disconnects, the instruction of second switch break-over of device during less than first threshold.
8. the method for raising photovoltaic system generating efficiency according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described step (b) comprising:
Produce in the power output of the first branch road that the second switch device that makes this first branch road place connect the second branch road of power output maximum in branch road group disconnects, the instruction of the first switching device conducting during greater than Second Threshold.
9. the method for raising photovoltaic system generating efficiency according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described the first switching device and second switch device are respectively the switching device with unidirectional general character.
10. the method for raising photovoltaic system generating efficiency according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the current sensor of the output of described step (a) by being serially connected in the first branch road or the second branch road is realized current acquisition.
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