CN103350215A - Production process for solving pin hole problem of cast aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Production process for solving pin hole problem of cast aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN103350215A CN103350215A CN2013102442257A CN201310244225A CN103350215A CN 103350215 A CN103350215 A CN 103350215A CN 2013102442257 A CN2013102442257 A CN 2013102442257A CN 201310244225 A CN201310244225 A CN 201310244225A CN 103350215 A CN103350215 A CN 103350215A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a production process for solving a pin hole problem of cast aluminum alloy. The technical scheme of the production process comprises methods as follows: (1), materials are prepared as required, and a crucible, a pressure reactor, casting ladles and smelting master batches are prepared; (2) an aluminum ingot is added, a furnace mouth is covered with heat preservation cotton for heat preservation, a mold shell is picked out and cooled to the technologically required temperature, pouring is finished in shortest time, and pressurization is performed; and the pressure-keeping time of a thin-walled workpiece is longer than 10 minutes, the pressure-keeping time of a workpiece with an ordinary wall thickness ranges from 25 minutes to 30 minutes, the pressure-keeping time of a very thick casting piece can be prolonged to 1 hour, and the pressure reactor is opened after the pressure-keeping time is realized. The production process has the benefits as follows: the pressure-keeping treatment is performed in the time when molten aluminum is completely solidified, and hydrogen can be prevented from being separated out from the surface of the casting piece under higher air pressure and prevented from forming air holes, so that the operation process is simplified, the production efficiency is improved, the quality is not reduced, and high performance requirements of a few military products can be met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminium alloy technique in the casting process, particularly a kind of production technology that solves Birmasil pin hole problem after the melting in the hot investment casting process.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy air-breathing tendency of aluminium liquid in the hot investment casting fusion process is more serious, mainly be that aluminium alloy is in the smelting agent casting process, aluminium alloy has dissolved a large amount of hydrogen, is changed in the solid-state process at the alloy liquid dress, and a large amount of hydrogen is separated out the formation bubble, because the reduction of alloy temperature, the solubility of hydrogen in aluminium alloy reduces, and causes a large amount of bubble hydrogens to have little time floating and separates out, and forms a large amount of dispersion holes on inside and the surface of foundry goods, the diameter 0.5-2mm of hole is commonly referred to " pin hole ".Such aluminium alloy of China is mainly processed, blown in the fusion process protective gas degasification such as carbon trichloride, nitrogen, chlorine and increases aluminium silicon by raw material stoving in essence casting process is the refining agent refining and avoids carrying out at wet weather the measure such as melting to guarantee to pour into a mould the rear surface pinhole rate qualified.It is all higher that this kind technique uses equipment, smelting technology and weather to require to raw material processing procedure, melting, and wherein the words that go wrong of any point all can cause the product surface pin hole to occur.The product that also has a kind of technologist to have relatively high expectations for pinhole rate adopts the technique of vacuum-assist pouring-compression solidification, pours into a mould in the negative pressure still, can only pour into a mould one at every turn, and is high especially to equipment requirement, and production efficiency is very low.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly in view of the foregoing defects the prior art has, and a kind of production technology that solves Birmasil pin hole problem is provided, and its supportability is stronger, easy and simple to handle, equipment requirement is low and production efficiency is higher; Require lower to raw material processing procedure, refinery practice and weather conditions, a kind of and pouring technology that efficient higher stronger to the product surface quality supportability, mainly be applicable to surface quality require high, pin hole had an alloy product that explicitly calls for, mechanical performance requirement is arranged.
Its technical scheme is to comprise following methods:
The material of (1) producing is as required got the raw materials ready, and prepares crucible, autoclave pressure, casting ladle and melting masterbatch;
(a) preparation of casting ladle: clear up in advance impurity in the crucible with compressed air first before use, remove impurity such as totally watering the oxide skin wrapped and slag, then use the brush dipping coating, coating is that the water stirring is made by 10-20% dry oxidation zinc powder+3-5% waterglass+surplus, and the surface that contacts with aluminum alloy melt inside and outside the casting ladle is smeared evenly; Then casting ladle is placed on first the baking of roasting fire door below, surface coating places roaster with casting ladle after slightly doing, and painting color becomes light yellow getting final product;
(b) preparation of autoclave pressure: build a plane at bottom refractory brick before using, so that the formwork placement, then dry run, whether the detected pressures still has gas leakage, and equipment is no problem, the beginning melting;
(c) preparation of crucible: use graphite crucible during melting, clear up in advance impurity in the crucible with compressed air first, then crucible is placed in intermediate frequency furnace, the energising baker, product induction furnace power is 15-20KW in the setting, crucible through 600-650 ℃ of roasting 1.5-2h, is removed moisture, until crucible is kermesinus;
(2) add the aluminium ingot melting, temperature is adjusted to the technological temperature requirement, wipe the impurity of liquid surface in the fusion process off with stainless steel strip, after the chemical examination composition is qualified, use compressed air to blow off near the foreign material of converter nose, then use heat-preservation cotton to cover fire door, be incubated, avoid simultaneously liquid surface to contact with air and cause oxidation;
Choose the temperature that formwork is cooled to technological requirement, decide according to concrete product structure, wall thickness is less than the thin-wall part of 15mm, general mould shell temperature is down to about 700 ℃ and is poured into a mould, wall thickness is greater than the thick-walled casting of 15mm, mould shell temperature is poured into a mould when being reduced to 400-500 ℃, then pours aluminium liquid into the rising pouring bag, with the rising pouring bag formwork is poured into a mould;
Casting complete is within the shortest time, the common foundry goods time is no more than 15 seconds, thick and large casting is no more than 1 minute, the formwork of casting complete is put into cylindric autoclave pressure, then closing presure still when the autoclave pressure space does not allow to put into formwork again is pressurized to 0.6MPa, and whether observe Pressure gauge this moment normal, pressure can not surpass 1MPa, otherwise foundry goods meeting deformation of products; For the thin-wall part dwell time more than 10min, the general wall thickness spare dwell time will reach 25-30min, and the thick especially large foundry goods dwell time can extend to 1h, opens autoclave pressure after reaching the dwell time, formwork is picked out, after cooling off fully, formwork is cleared up.
The aluminium ingot that adds in the above-mentioned step (2) adopts cast aluminium alloy, according to weight portion, when 100 parts of induction furnace meltings, also need to add 7 parts of metallic silicons, 0.3 part of magnesium metal, 0.1 part of titanium after adding 92 parts of aluminium ingots, and titanium will add in the end.
Aluminium ingot in the above-mentioned step (2) need to add 1 part of refining agent carbon trichloride, by weight when melting when surface quality is had relatively high expectations or mechanical performance requirement is arranged.
The processing of in melting, going bad of aluminium ingot in the above-mentioned step (2), be warmed up to 710-730 ℃ at aluminium ingot solution, power is adjusted to the 10-20KW insulation, weighing is by the Al-Sr alterant of melting total amount 0.02-0.06%, add in the aluminium liquid, treat that alterant melts fully, the Al-Ti5-B grain refiner of weighing aluminium liquid total amount 0.4-0.6% adds in the aluminium liquid.
The crucible that the present invention mentions comprises a pot body (1), fire door (2), compressed air incoming end (3), Pressure gauge (4) and support (5), described pot body (1) is installed on the support (5), the outside of pot body (1) is provided with fire door (2), and the top of pot body (1) connects compressed air incoming end (3) and Pressure gauge (4).
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: compare with the technique that normal cast is cooled off afterwards naturally, process by carrying out pressurize in the time of solidifying fully at aluminium liquid, under higher air pressure, be not gathered into pore so that hydrogen can not separated out from cast(ing) surface.Because pressure is higher, protium is separated out in foundry goods fast, disperse in a vacuum, can not form pin hole at cast(ing) surface when hydrogen content is slightly high yet, therefore can normally produce at wet weather, improve the product surface quality supportability yet, according to producing statistics, before the working pressure still, product does not all have needle pore defect, and the product surface pin hole problem after using more than 95% solves.Compare the complicated technology of high-end aluminium casting, do not need during cast that formwork is put into the negative pressure still and pour into a mould, simplified operating process, improved production efficiency, but quality does not have reduction, still can reach the high performance requirements of some military use products.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 2 is side views of crucible of the present invention;
Among the upper figure: pot body 1, fire door 2, compressed air incoming end 3, Pressure gauge 4, support 5.
The specific embodiment
The present invention includes following concrete steps:
At first, the material of producing is as required got the raw materials ready, and prepares crucible, autoclave pressure, casting ladle and melting masterbatch.Casting ladle is cleared up impurity in the crucible with compressed air first before use in advance, remove impurity such as totally watering the oxide skin wrapped and slag with instruments such as wire brush, spades, chisels, then use brush dipping coating (coating is stirred by 10-20% dry oxidation zinc powder+3-5% waterglass+water and makes), the surface that contacts with aluminum alloy melt inside and outside the casting ladle is smeared evenly.Casting ladle is placed on first the baking of roasting fire door below, and surface coating places roaster with casting ladle after slightly doing, about 1050 ℃, and baking 1-2min, painting color becomes light yellow getting final product.The size of autoclave pressure is approximately 1600mm of diameter 1000mm, length, builds a plane at bottom refractory brick before using, so that the formwork placement, then dry run, whether the detected pressures still has gas leakage.Equipment is no problem, the beginning melting.Use graphite crucible during melting, clear up in advance impurity in the crucible with compressed air first, then crucible is placed in intermediate frequency furnace, the energising baker, product induction furnace power is 15-20KW in the setting, with 600-650 ℃ of roasting 1.5-2h of crucible process, remove moisture, until crucible is kermesinus.
Secondly, carry out aluminium alloy smelting, specifically comprise the steps:
Step 1: the composition of producing as required aluminium alloy is got the raw materials ready, and also needs to add 7Kg metallic silicon, 0.3Kg magnesium metal, 0.1Kg titanium after comprising the 92Kg aluminium ingot.Then carry out the preparation of crucible, casting ladle, check whether the autoclave pressure running is normal.
Step 2: in smelting furnace, add first aluminium ingot, heating is melted it fully, according to the alloy that material percentage add to need, it is dissolved fully and melt, adding refining agent carbon trichloride 1kg carries out refining, 700 ℃ of insulations, the sample examination composition, composition is defective, adjusts by adding intermediate alloy or pure magnesium, until till qualified, can obtain qualified alloy solution;
Step 3: aluminium liquid is warmed up to 710-730 ℃, and power is adjusted to the 10-20KW insulation, and weighing adds in the aluminium liquid by melting total amount 0.02-0.06%Al-Sr alterant.Treat that alterant melts fully, the Al-Ti5-B grain refiner of weighing aluminium liquid total amount 0.4-0.6% adds in the aluminium liquid;
Step 4: use compressed air to blow off the impurity of fire door top, then the clean stainless steel bar of use is arrived in fire door one side with the oxidizing slag on aluminium alloy surface and is chosen, and in aluminium alloy surface cover heat-preservation cotton, avoids aluminium alloy and air catalytic oxidation;
Step 5: during cast, the autoclave pressure of packing into is set in the casting of casting complete rapidly, and whole process will link up, and accomplishes last 1 casting complete, can enter autoclave pressure immediately.Close rapidly fire door, open intake valve, when pressure is raised to 0.6-0.7Mpa, close immediately intake valve, the phenomenon that obviously descends if there is air pressure between hold period will in time be opened intake valve, and supplementary pressure is to 0.6-0.7Mpa.Boost to more than the 0.6MPa and need be controlled within the 3min to autoclave pressure from the 1st shell casting complete.Can open air bleeding valve after the 15min, open fire door, choose the casting tree, be for further processing.
Claims (5)
1. production technology that solves Birmasil pin hole problem is characterized in that comprising following methods:
The material of (1) producing is as required got the raw materials ready, and prepares crucible, autoclave pressure, casting ladle and melting masterbatch;
(a) preparation of casting ladle: clear up in advance impurity in the crucible with compressed air first before use, remove impurity such as totally watering the oxide skin wrapped and slag, then use the brush dipping coating, coating is that the water stirring is made by 10-20% dry oxidation zinc powder+3-5% waterglass+surplus, and the surface that contacts with aluminum alloy melt inside and outside the casting ladle is smeared evenly; Then casting ladle is placed on first the baking of roasting fire door below, surface coating places roaster with casting ladle after slightly doing, and painting color becomes light yellow getting final product;
(b) preparation of autoclave pressure: build a plane at bottom refractory brick before using, so that the formwork placement, then dry run, whether the detected pressures still has gas leakage, and equipment is no problem, the beginning melting;
(c) preparation of crucible: use graphite crucible during melting, clear up in advance impurity in the crucible with compressed air first, then crucible is placed in intermediate frequency furnace, the energising baker, product induction furnace power is 15-20KW in the setting, crucible through 600-650 ℃ of roasting 1.5-2h, is removed moisture, until crucible is kermesinus;
(2) add the aluminium ingot melting, temperature is adjusted to the technological temperature requirement, wipe the impurity of liquid surface in the fusion process off with stainless steel strip, after the chemical examination composition is qualified, use compressed air to blow off near the foreign material of converter nose, then use heat-preservation cotton to cover fire door, be incubated, avoid simultaneously liquid surface to contact with air and cause oxidation;
Choose the temperature that formwork is cooled to technological requirement, decide according to concrete product structure, wall thickness is less than the thin-wall part of 15mm, general mould shell temperature is down to about 700 ℃ and is poured into a mould, wall thickness is greater than the thick-walled casting of 15mm, mould shell temperature is poured into a mould when being reduced to 400-500 ℃, then pours aluminium liquid into the rising pouring bag, with the rising pouring bag formwork is poured into a mould;
Casting complete is within the shortest time, the common foundry goods time is no more than 15 seconds, thick and large casting is no more than 1 minute, the formwork of casting complete is put into cylindric autoclave pressure, then closing presure still when the autoclave pressure space does not allow to put into formwork again is pressurized to 0.6MPa, and whether observe Pressure gauge this moment normal, pressure can not surpass 1MPa, otherwise foundry goods meeting deformation of products; For the thin-wall part dwell time more than 10min, the general wall thickness spare dwell time will reach 25-30min, and the thick especially large foundry goods dwell time can extend to 1h, opens autoclave pressure after reaching the dwell time, formwork is picked out, after cooling off fully, formwork is cleared up.
2. the production technology of solution Birmasil pin hole problem according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the aluminium ingot that adds in the described step (2) adopts cast aluminium alloy, by weight, when 100 parts of induction furnace meltings, also need to add 7 parts of metallic silicons, 0.3 part of magnesium metal, 0.1 part of titanium after adding 92 parts of aluminium ingots, and titanium to add in the end.
3. the production technology of solution Birmasil pin hole problem according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the aluminium ingot in the described step (2) need to add 1 part of refining agent carbon trichloride when melting when surface quality is had relatively high expectations or mechanical performance requirement is arranged.
4. the production technology of solution Birmasil pin hole problem according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the processing of in melting, going bad of the aluminium ingot in the described step (2), be warmed up to 710-730 ℃ at aluminium ingot solution, power is adjusted to the 10-20KW insulation, weighing adds in the aluminium liquid by the Al-Sr alterant of melting total amount 0.02-0.06%, treats that alterant melts fully, the Al-Ti5-B grain refiner of weighing aluminium liquid total amount 0.4-0.6% adds in the aluminium liquid.
5. the production technology of solution Birmasil pin hole problem according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described crucible comprises a pot body (1), fire door (2), compressed air incoming end (3), Pressure gauge (4) and support (5), described pot body (1) is installed on the support (5), the outside of pot body (1) is provided with fire door (2), and the top of pot body (1) connects compressed air incoming end (3) and Pressure gauge (4).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110340297A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-18 | 贵州安吉航空精密铸造有限责任公司 | A kind of casting method of metal alloy castings |
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