CN103348298A - 分接开关 - Google Patents

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CN103348298A
CN103348298A CN2012800076616A CN201280007661A CN103348298A CN 103348298 A CN103348298 A CN 103348298A CN 2012800076616 A CN2012800076616 A CN 2012800076616A CN 201280007661 A CN201280007661 A CN 201280007661A CN 103348298 A CN103348298 A CN 103348298A
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winding
semiconductor switching
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branch road
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J·冯布洛
S·恩格尔
D·多纳尔
K·菲尔埃克
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Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Scheubeck GmbH and Co
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/14Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices
    • G05F1/16Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • G05F1/20Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices semiconductor devices only
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01HSTREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H1/00Removing undesirable matter from roads or like surfaces, with or without moistening of the surface
    • E01H1/12Hand implements, e.g. litter pickers
    • E01H1/1206Hand implements, e.g. litter pickers for picking up excrements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/10Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
    • H02M5/12Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers for conversion of voltage or current amplitude only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/25Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/257Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P13/00Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P13/06Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by tap-changing; by rearranging interconnections of windings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01HSTREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H1/00Removing undesirable matter from roads or like surfaces, with or without moistening of the surface
    • E01H1/12Hand implements, e.g. litter pickers
    • E01H2001/122Details
    • E01H2001/1293Walking cane or the like, i.e. implements allowing handling while in an upright position
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种在带有附属调节绕组的可调变压器上用于电压调节的、带有半导体开关元件的分接开关。分接开关模块化地构建,其中,每个模块分别包括调节绕组的一个子绕组,该子绕组能通过半导体开关元件接通或者断开。

Description

分接开关
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电压调节的、带有半导体开关元件的分接开关。
背景技术
DE2248166A已经描述一种可调节的、带有半导体开关元件的变压器。在此,次级绕组包括确定数量的调节绕组件,这些调节绕组件联合成一定数量的、串联的绕组组件,其中,每个绕组组件包括两个或三个并联的调节绕组件。在此,每个调节绕组件配设有一个无接触的开关元件。在该文献中也描述了另一种变型方案,其中,变压器的次级绕组包括一组串联的调节绕组件,其中,每个调节绕组件包括四个无接触的开关元件。这样装备该布置结构,使得在调节绕组件的接线柱上的电压的方向是可反转的以及整个调节绕组件也可选地是可跨接的。
由DE2508013A已知另一种用于有级式切换变压器的次级电压的装置。在此,次级绕组也编组成子绕组,其中,同样可以设有用于转换的半导体开关元件。
DE19747712C2描述一种相似类型的分接开关在构成为自耦变压器的可调式变压器上的布置结构。在此同样设有单个的绕组件,这些绕组件能单独地并且彼此无关地接合。除了调节绕组的固定的分接头,在这种布置结构中附加地能接上或者能接通分开的绕组件。
由WO95/27931已知另一种用于无间断地有载转换的分接开关的不同实施形式,其中,闸流管同样用作开关元件。在此,借助于反向并联的闸流管对能接通或者能断开带分接头的绕组的不同绕组件,该带分接头的绕组作为相应的可调式变压器的次级绕组的一部分。此外在该文献中,为了实现尽可能精细分级的电压调节,在限制数量的现有的绕组分接头中提出一种被称为“离散循环调制(discrete circlemodulation)”的方法,在该方法中,这样操控闸流管,使得产生次级电压的中间值。
在由现有技术已知的解决方案中,半导体开关元件事实上承担在传统的机械式分接开关中的机械选择器臂的功能。借助于半导体开关元件能够接通或者断开调节绕组本身的个别绕组分接头。也可能的是,将调节绕组划分成子绕组,这些子绕组能够分开地被接通。
在该现有技术中不利的是高的线路耗费和半导体开关元件的所必需的特殊的匹配。
现有技术的另一缺点在于,在个别半导体开关元件失灵时不再能够进行调节或者至少不再能够进行令人满意的调节。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,给出一种带有半导体开关元件的、简单构建的分接开关。此外,该分接开关应该具有模块化的、可扩展的构造。最后,按照本发明的分接开关即使在个别开关元件失灵时(在一定程度上作为应急运行)应该也能实现高的调节安全性和调节精确性。
该任务通过一种带有第一专利权利要求的特征的分接开关来解决。从属权利要求涉及本发明的特别有利的进一步扩展方案。
总的发明构思在于,模块化地构建分接开关并且有针对性地接通或者反接调节绕组的不同的子绕组。按照本发明的分接开关包括两个开关结构组件,其中,第一开关结构组件包括并联连接的两个开关支路并且在每个开关支路中分别存在两个串联的半导体开关元件。在所述两个开关支路之间连接有第一子绕组。第二开关结构组件包括并联连接的三个开关支路,其中,在每个开关支路中也分别存在两个串联的半导体开关元件。在第一和第二开关支路之间以及在第二和第三开关支路之间存在其他的电的子绕组,这些子绕组(与第一子绕组同样地)与调节绕组磁耦合,亦即施加到相应的变压器铁心上。
按照本发明,各电的子绕组被不同地确定参数。
如果在一个开关结构组件中,一个那里的子绕组具有确定数量的线匝,则所述其他两个电的子绕组具有多倍的匝数。
在本发明的框架中,能够改变各个开关结构组件的数量,这些开关结构组件在整体上形成按照本发明的分接开关。
在按照本发明的分接开关中,利用仅少量的用于有针对性接通或者反接各个子绕组的构件能达到大量的电压级。此外,在按照本发明的分接开关中,个别子电压的冗余产生也是可能的;在个别开关元件的在实际运行中从不排除的失灵时基本上还可以继续进行调节。
附图说明
以下应借助附图示例性地、还更详细地阐述本发明。图中:
图1示出一个按照本发明的分接开关的一种第一实施形式,
图2示出一种第二实施形式,
图3示出在图1中示出的分接开关的一种特别的参数确定,
图4示出在图2中示出的分接开关的一种特别的参数确定,
图5示出一个第一半导体开关元件,
图6示出一个第二半导体开关元件,
图7示出一个第三半导体开关元件。
具体实施方式
图1示出一个按照本发明的第一种分接开关。
在绕组R的固定的、不被调节的部件和有载引线LA之间设置有这里所示的分接开关。该分接开关具有两个串联的开关结构组件A和B。第一开关结构组件A本身具有并联连接的两个支路1和2。在第一支路1中彼此串联地设有两个半导体开关单元S1、S2。在并联的第二支路2中彼此串联地设有两个其他的半导体开关单元S3、S4。在第一支路1中的所述两个串联的半导体开关单元S1、S2和第二支路2中的所述两个串联的半导体开关单元S3、S4之间设置有调节绕组的一个第一子绕组W1。
第二开关结构组件B具有并联连接的三个支路3、4和5。在第三支路3中彼此串联地设有两个半导体开关单元S5、S6,在第四支路4中彼此串联地设有两个半导体开关单元S7、S8,并且在第五支路5中彼此串联地设有两个半导体开关单元S9、S10。在第三支路3中的所述两个串联的半导体开关单元S5、S6和第四支路4中的所述两个串联的半导体开关单元S7、S8之间设置有调节绕组的一个第二子绕组W2,并且在第四支路4中的所述两个串联的半导体开关单元S7、S8和第五支路5中的所述两个串联的半导体开关单元S9、S10之间设置有一个第三子绕组W3。在这种实施形式中,第二开关结构组件B与有载引线LA电连接。
图2示出一个按照本发明的分接开关的一种第二实施形式,在该实施形式中,第一开关结构组件A与有载引线LA电连接。
图3示出图1中的、带有特别有利的参数确定的分接开关。各个构件的位置与图1中的示图相符合,出于清楚性的原因相应地放弃附图标记。这里示出,开关结构组件A的第一子绕组W1具有开关结构组件B的第二子绕组W2的七倍匝数;同样开关结构组件B的第三子绕组W3具有第二子绕组W2的双倍匝数。通过有针对性地接通和反接三个子绕组W1...W3,能够因此产生总共21种电压级。为了控制相应的开关功率,有利的是,半导体开关单元S5、S6、S9和S10分别构成为这里由三个分开的半导体开关组成的串联电路,并且半导体开关单元S7和S8分别构成为这里由两个分开的半导体开关组成的串联电路。因此总共需要44个单独的半导体开关。
图4示出图2中的、带有同样特别有利的参数确定的分接开关。各个构件的位置又相当于图2中的示图,由于清楚性的原因这里也相应地放弃附图标记。这里示出,开关结构组件B的第二子绕组W2具有开关结构组件A的第一子绕组W1的三倍匝数;开关结构组件B的第三子绕组W3具有第一子绕组W1的六倍匝数。通过有针对性地接通和反接三个子绕组W1...W3,因此这里也能够产生总共21种电压级。为了控制相应的开关功率,有利的是,半导体开关单元S7和S8分别构成为这里由六个分开的半导体开关组成的串联电路,并且半导体开关单元S5、S6、S9和S10分别构成为这里由九个分开的半导体开关组成的串联电路。因此总共需要52个单独的半导体开关。
在本发明的框架中,子绕组W1...W3的而且半导体开关元件S1...S10的其他参数确定也是可能的。
图5示出一个唯一的开关,该开关具有一个反向并联连接的闸流管对作为半导体开关单元。
图6示出一个包括两个单独的半导体开关Sa和Sb的串联电路,这些半导体开关可以得出所述半导体开关元件S1...S10之一。
图7示出一个包括四个单独的半导体开关Sa...Sd的串联电路,这些半导体开关同样可以得出所述半导体开关元件S1...S10之一。
各个半导体开关这里示例性地作为反向并联连接的闸流管对示出;在本发明的框架内,其他已知的半导体开关、例如IGBT(绝缘栅双极型晶体管)也是可能的。

Claims (3)

1.在带有调节绕组的可调变压器上用于电压调节的、带有半导体开关元件的分接开关,
其中,所述分接开关具有两个串联的开关结构组件(A、B),
第一开关结构组件(A)本身具有并联连接的两个支路(1、2),
在第一支路(1)中彼此串联地设有两个半导体开关单元(S1、S2)并且在并联的第二支路(2)中彼此串联地设有两个其他的半导体开关单元(S3、S4),
在第一支路(1)中的所述两个串联的半导体开关单元(S1、S2)和第二支路(2)中的所述两个串联的半导体开关单元(S3、S4)之间设置有调节绕组的第一子绕组(W1),
第二开关结构组件(B)具有并联连接的三个支路(3、4和5),
在第三支路(3)中彼此串联地设有两个半导体开关单元(S5、S6),在第四支路(4)中彼此串联地设有两个半导体开关单元(S7、S8)并且在第五支路(5)中彼此串联地设有两个半导体开关单元(S9、S10),
在第三支路(3)中的所述两个串联的半导体开关单元(S5、S6)和第四支路(4)中的所述两个串联的半导体开关单元(S7、S8)之间设置有调节绕组的第二子绕组(W2),并且在第四支路(4)中的所述两个串联的半导体开关单元(S7、S8)和第五支路(5)中的所述两个串联的半导体开关单元(S9、S10)之间设置有第三子绕组(W3),
并且所述两个开关结构组件之一(A或B)与有载引线(LA)电连接。
2.按照权利要求1所述的分接开关,其特征在于,各子绕组(W1...W3)具有不同的绕组匝数。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的分接开关,其特征在于,各半导体开关单元(S1...S10)中的至少一个半导体开关单元具有串联连接的两个或多个单独的半导体开关。
CN2012800076616A 2011-02-05 2012-01-30 分接开关 Pending CN103348298A (zh)

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DE102011010388A DE102011010388A1 (de) 2011-02-05 2011-02-05 Stufenschalter
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PCT/EP2012/051397 WO2012104232A2 (de) 2011-02-05 2012-01-30 Stufenschalter

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US (1) US20140197816A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2671128A2 (zh)
JP (1) JP2014504808A (zh)
KR (1) KR20140005239A (zh)
CN (1) CN103348298A (zh)
AU (1) AU2012213582A1 (zh)
BR (1) BR112013018024A2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2825987A1 (zh)
DE (2) DE202011110289U1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2013140829A (zh)
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CN104782227A (zh) * 2012-10-16 2015-07-15 赖茵豪森机械制造公司 用于减少在电弧炉运行中的电网反作用的装置和方法
CN104813740A (zh) * 2012-10-16 2015-07-29 赖茵豪森机械制造公司 用于过程引导地调节电弧炉的功率的装置和方法
CN110169200A (zh) * 2017-01-10 2019-08-23 松下电器产业株式会社 电磁场分布调整装置以及微波加热装置

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CN104782227A (zh) * 2012-10-16 2015-07-15 赖茵豪森机械制造公司 用于减少在电弧炉运行中的电网反作用的装置和方法
CN104813740A (zh) * 2012-10-16 2015-07-29 赖茵豪森机械制造公司 用于过程引导地调节电弧炉的功率的装置和方法
CN104782227B (zh) * 2012-10-16 2017-03-08 赖茵豪森机械制造公司 用于减少在电弧炉运行中的电网反作用的装置和方法
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CN110169200A (zh) * 2017-01-10 2019-08-23 松下电器产业株式会社 电磁场分布调整装置以及微波加热装置

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DE202011110289U1 (de) 2013-05-28
AU2012213582A1 (en) 2013-08-29
KR20140005239A (ko) 2014-01-14
US20140197816A1 (en) 2014-07-17
CA2825987A1 (en) 2012-08-09
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RU2013140829A (ru) 2015-03-10
WO2012104232A3 (de) 2013-05-23

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