CN103347185B - The comprehensive compaction coding method of unmanned plane reconnaissance image based on the conversion of selectivity block - Google Patents
The comprehensive compaction coding method of unmanned plane reconnaissance image based on the conversion of selectivity block Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of comprehensive compaction coding method of unmanned plane reconnaissance image based on the conversion of selectivity block, the most H.264 with JPEG2000 compression scheme, then the block in H.264 video encoding standard is converted and carry out selective algorithm adjustment and improvement, be compressed coding and obtain compressed bit stream.The present invention efficiently solves owing to unmanned aerial vehicle platform is in the restriction of the aspects such as volume, weight and power consumption, and the image transmitting bandwidth limitation problems that image information can be affected by interference and other factors of channel, external environment and enemy and cause during actual transmissions, before and after compression, rest image is close at PSNR and scouts video in the case of subjective quality assessment is higher, image source information after decompression can be distinguished, achieve being greatly improved of compression ratio, scheme system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to digital video image processing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of unmanned plane based on the conversion of selectivity block and scout
Image synthesis compaction coding method.
Background technology
Unmanned plane portability multiple-task load, working under various modes, its reconnaissance method has multiple, except visible image capturing obtains
Take outside video, also digital photograph take pictures, infrared imaging, multispectral scanner, synthetic aperture radar etc..Modern unmanned plane is scouted
Image all uses Digital Transmission, and therefore the quantity of information of reconnaissance image is very big, and wants real-time Transmission, and meanwhile, image information exists
Can be affected, again due to unmanned aerial vehicle platform by interference and other factors of channel, external environment and enemy during actual transmissions
At the restriction of the aspects such as volume, weight and power consumption, image transmitting Bandwidth-Constrained, it is therefore desirable to being suitable for of a kind of high compression ratio is unmanned
Machine meets the universal compressed method of application demand under event of bandwidth limitation.
The view data deriving from unmanned plane scouting trends towards multi-sourcing, although the method for compression of images and algorithm are a lot, at some
Application can reach high compression ratio and fidelity requirement.But the universal compressed algorithm that can be suitable for all kinds of unmanned plane reconnaissance image does not has
Have.As a example by dynamic video and rest image, applying more and that compression effectiveness is more significant method at present is based on H.264
(dynamically) and the compression method of JPEG2000 standard (static).Wherein, the basic step H.264 encoded is: will figure
As being divided into the macro block of multiple 16x16 pixel, with the motion component of each block motion vector each frame of representative image sequence, according to
The type (I frame, P frame or B frame) of frame selects intraframe coding or interframe encoding mode, uses the most encoded frame or reference frame
Subsequent frame is carried out motor-function evaluation and generates predicted macroblock, it was predicted that macro block P and current macro are subtracted each other, and obtain image residual block,
Be then passed through integer DCT(discrete cosine transform), quantify, reorder, the process of the part such as entropy code, complete cataloged procedure；
The basic step of JPEG2000 coding is: source image data first carries out early stage pretreatment, then enters the entire image after processing
Row (9,7) DWT(wavelet transform), then to conversion after wavelet coefficient quantify, Bit-Plane Encoding, layering dress
Join and pack, eventually forming the output code flow of JPEG2000 standard.
At present, in the middle of unmanned plane compressibility, generally use one of following two schemes: discrete scheme, dynamic video uses
H.264 compression scheme, rest image then uses JPEG2000 compression scheme to be compressed, airborne resource-constrained in the case of
Can not use；Use H.264 algorithm to compress two kinds of image, so compression rest image frame time, relative DWT become
For changing method, H.264 in use Integer DCT Transform be applicable to as 4x4 size fritter convert, although avoid with
The mismatch problems that the general 8x8 discrete cosine transform used in standard and inverse transformation often occur, has been effectively maintained in image
Necessary details, but for block conversion as bigger in 16x16, use integer DCT not only to occupy more memory space,
It is also possible that piecemeal and ringing effect.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to solve the problems referred to above, for the compressed encoding demand of unmanned plane reconnaissance image, it is proposed that based on
The comprehensive compaction coding method of unmanned plane reconnaissance image of selectivity block conversion, the most H.264 with JPEG2000 compression standard,
Block alternative approach is carried out categorizing selection based on block size, thus realizes the comprehensive compressibility of two class images.
The comprehensive compaction coding method of unmanned plane reconnaissance image based on the conversion of selectivity block, including the following aspects:
(1) H.264 the macro block in scheme divides；
Coded image is divided by H.264 standard, is divided into the macro block of 16 × 16 pixel sizes.
Coded image includes video information, SAR image, high spectrum image.
(2) according to type selecting intraframe coding or the interframe encoding mode of picture frame, coding it is predicted respectively；
If multiframe dynamic video, use inter prediction and intraframe predictive coding；If the SAR image of single frames or removal
High spectrum image after spectrum intersexuality, then only with intraframe predictive coding, obtain the predictive value of current macro；
(3) image residual block calculates；
The macroblock prediction value obtained through step (2) is subtracted each other with former macro block, obtains image residual block；
(4) based on block size Selection spatial transform method；
16 × 16 and 8 × 8 luminance pixel blocks are carried out (9,7) wavelet transform, and remaining macro block then carries out discrete cosine change
Change；
(5) entropy code:
Residual error data after control information and quantization, motion vector information are carried out data compression.
After completing entropy code, obtain compressing the compressed bit stream of image, through network self-adapting layer for transmission and storage.
It is an advantage of the current invention that:
(1) comprehensive the most H.264 with JPEG2000 both compression schemes, carry out different conversion sides for different masses size
Method, combines the advantage of DCT and DWT conversion；
(3) dct transform of partial block in being replaced H.264 by (9,7) DWT, eliminates block when compression image recovers
Effect, in the case of meeting certain condition, improves compression ratio.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is H.264 transcoding, coding transform and quantizing process flow chart；
Fig. 3 is the block shift process figure of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is (9,7) DWT boosting algorithm structure chart in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in detail.
Comprehensive existing compaction coding method and standard, in conjunction with H.264 with JPEG2000 both compression standards, to H.264
Block alternative approach is improved, and sets up the comprehensive compaction coding method of unmanned plane reconnaissance image based on the conversion of selectivity block to image
It is compressed.
The present invention a kind of based on selectivity block conversion the comprehensive compaction coding method of unmanned plane reconnaissance image, flow process as it is shown in figure 1,
Including following step:
The first step, H.264 the macro block in scheme divides, and flow process is as in figure 2 it is shown, specifically include:
H.264 the intra prediction mode introduced in, it is contemplated that regular object and the spatial redundancy of rule background in single width video image,
Propose intra-frame prediction method based on two Seed-ginger size 4 × 4 and 16 × 16, wherein infra-frame predictions based on 16 × 16 pieces
Especially effective to flat site, and owing to unmanned plane during flying height is higher, speed is fast, and the airborne sensor angle of visual field is relatively big, institute
Few with object pixel interested in unmanned plane reconnaissance image, in-frame correlation relatively normal image is poor, the frame-to-frame correlation i.e. time
Dependency is the strongest.
Coded image is divided by H.264 standard, is divided into the macro block of several 16 × 16 pixel sizes.
Coded image includes video information, SAR image, high spectrum image.
The macro block of 16 × 16 pixel sizes is made up of the colour element block of 16 × 16 luminance pixel blocks and additional 8 × 8.
The colour element block of 8 × 8 includes the Cb(saturation of 8 × 8) block of pixels and the Cr(tone of 8 × 8)
Block of pixels.
(2) according to type selecting intraframe coding or the interframe encoding mode of picture frame, coding it is predicted respectively；
According to H.264 standard compression methods, according to being currently entered the type of present frame in macro block, it is predicted coding respectively: as
Fruit is multiframe dynamic video, uses inter prediction and intraframe predictive coding；If the SAR image of single frames or high spectrum image,
Use intraframe predictive coding, obtain the predictive value of current macro.Former H.264 standard compression methods is used with inter prediction in frame
Forecasting Methodology.
After predictive coding, obtain several block of pixels differed in size.
(3) the macroblock prediction value obtained through step (2) is subtracted each other with former macro block, obtain image residual block.
(4) image residual block is carried out (9,7) DWT and Integer DCT Transform and quantization.
Transition coding and quantification technique eliminate the frequency domain correlation in picture signal and reduce the dynamic range of picture coding, thus
Reach the purpose compressed further.As in figure 2 it is shown, be H.264 transcoding, coding transform and quantizing process flow chart, H.264 in grand
Block size is 16 × 16, after the block of the most each 4 × 4 sizes carries out the Integer DCT Transform of 4 × 4, obtains 16 4
The transformation matrix of × 4.Integer DCT avoids the encoding and decoding mismatch problem in conventional standard so that inverse transformation does not haves mistake
The problem of weighing apparatus, and its computing only comprises plus-minus and displacement, and by Quantitative fusion wherein, effectively reduces operand, carries
The high real-time of compression of images.Although dct transform calculates simple, there is Fast implementation, but recover image when compression
There is obvious blocking effect, be not suitable for carrying out relatively large conversion.
Wavelet transformation has more preferable energy centrality, and compression ratio is high, and compression speed is fast, can keep the feature base of image after compression
This is constant, can be anti-interference in transmittance process, and has video localization property simultaneously, and after conversion, the feature of coefficient is conducive to
Coding, therefore the coded method of wavelet transformation has more preferable compression performance.Because it is residual after performing 4 × 4 predictions in h .264
Difference is less, is not suitable for carrying out wavelet transformation, and wavelet transformation is more preferable for bigger macroblock coding transform effect, the therefore present invention
By utilizing H.264 video encoding standard, image 16 × 16 and 8 × 8 brightness block of pixels is used (9,7) DWT
Conversion, less residual block is continuing with Integer DCT Transform, as shown in Figure 3.
Wavelet transformation has fabulous energy accumulating effect, but needs when realizing to make convolution, and therefore complexity is higher.And Lifting Modules
The introducing of type so that convolution operation during wavelet transformation can complete with stretching step by promoting, and reduces wavelet transformation further
Computing, it has the advantage that
1), this bit manipulation, saving internal memory；
2), utilizing compound assignment, reduce floating-point operation amount, speed is fast, efficiency is high；
3) all operations, in a up step is parallel, and is serial between multiple up step；
4), inverse transformation process is extremely simple；
Through substantial amounts of contrast experiment, image realizing energy accumulating effect most preferably 9/7 wavelet basis, its low-frequency filter is
9 taps, high frequency filter is then 7 taps.The formula that its hoisting way completes is as follows:
The step of 9/7 Lifting Wavelet there are 4 promote step (1-4) and two stretchings step (5-6)；
Y(2n+1)=Xest(2n+1)+(α×[Xext(2n)+Xext(2n+2)]) [Step1]
Y(2n)=Xext(2n)+(β×[Y(2n-1)+Y(2n+1)]) [Step2]
Y(2n+1)=Y(2n+1)+(γ×[Y(2n)+Y(2n+2)]) [Step3]
Y(2n)=Y(2n)+(δ×[Y(2n-1)+Y(2n+1)]) [Step4]
Y(2n+1)=-K×Y(2n+1) [Step5]
Y(2n)=(1/K)×Y(2n) [Step6]
Wherein: x (n) is input signal, XextN () is the subsignal of x (n) even-order number sampling composition, α, beta, gamma, δ, k
For constant.Each parameter is
And k=1.230174105, it is inversely transformed into:
X(2n)=KxYext(2n)
X(2n+1)=-(1/K)×Yext(2n+1)
X(2n)=X(2n)-(δ×[X(2n-1)+X(2n+1)])
X(2n+1)=X(2n+1)-(γ×[X(2n)+X(2n+2)])
X(2n)=X(2n)-(β×[X(2n-1)+X(2n+1)])
X(2n+1)=X(2n+1)-(α×[X(2n)+X(2n+2)])
9/7 wavelet arithmetic structure is as shown in Figure 4.It is made up of three steps: divide, predict and update.Xe(n) it is
The subsignal of even-order number sampling composition, Xo (n) is the subsignal of odd-order number sampling composition.Original image, after wavelet transformation, is schemed
As data total amount does not has any minimizing, simply the energy of entire image is redistributed so that wide range of big data
Concentrate in a less region, and the dynamic range of data be the least in a large area, creates condition for compression of images,
But wavelet transformation itself unrealized compression of images.Compression of images is to be realized by quantization behind, coding.
In the quantification treatment stage, H.264 standard uses scalar quantization device, and its quantization step has 52 grades, by QP value rope during use
Draw.Noticing that QP value often increases by 6, quantization step Qstep just doubles；Qstep is incremented by with 0.125.Range of quantization step
Expansion allow an encoder to more flexible and be controlled accurately, reach between bit rate and picture quality compromise.
In the encoder, the conversion coefficient of each 4x4 quantified with the matrix that Zig-Zag Sequential Mapping is 16 elements,
Complete to reorder.
(5) entropy code
H.264/AVC the entropy code used in standard is a kind of method of lossless compress, make use of the statistical property of coded identification
Carry out data compression.Two kinds of basic skills conventional in Video coding are: variable-length encoding (Variable Length Coding,
And arithmetic coding (Binary Arithmetic Coding, BAC) VLC).
H.264/AVC standard utilizes entropy code to carry out the information such as the residual error data after control information and quantization, motion vector
Data compression.H.264/AVC the entropy code in has two types.Use consistent mutilation based on exponential type Golomb code long
Coding (Universal Variable Length Coding, UVLC) comes all grammers in addition to scanning quantization parameter
Stream element encodes；Scanning quantization parameter then uses more flexible adaptive variable length based on context to encode
(Content-based Adaptive Variable Length Coding, CAVLC), this be also H.264/AVC in
The coded system of acquiescence.The dependency that CAVLC is provided according to encoded symbol, dynamically adjusts the code table used in coding
And the renewal of hangover coefficient suffix lengths, embody adaptive characteristic, achieve the highest compression ratio.
H.264/AVC a kind of adaptive binary arithmetic coding (Content-based based on context is also provided for
Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding, CABAC), as a choosing of main class (Main Profile)
?.CABAC has higher code efficiency compared with coded system CAVLC H.264/AVC given tacit consent to.Its advantage
It is that encoder need not the priori of source statistics, but estimates the most adaptively.
After completing entropy code, just obtained compress image compressed bit stream, through NAL(network self-adapting layer) for transmission and
Storage is used.
Second step, decompresses.
Decoding process is responsible for decoding the compressed bit stream meeting H.264 code stream specification, and carries out image reconstruction, is compression process
Inverse process.Decoding process make use of H.264 decoder from NAL(network self-adapting layer) receive the bit stream of compression, warp
Crossing and code stream carries out entropy decoding and a series of quantization parameter X of acquisition that reorder, these quantization parameters obtain through inverse quantization and inverse transformation
To residual error data D, wherein, the inverse transformation of quantization parameter is the inverse process of above-mentioned selectivity block conversion, 16x16 and 8x8 brightness
Block of pixels uses the inverse transformation mode of (9,7) DWT, and remaining block then carries out idct transform, and decoder uses and solves from code stream
The header that code obtains creates prediction a fast PRED, PRED and obtains image block data uf with the summation of residual error data D,
Rear each image block data uf obtains rebuilding the solution code block F of image by deblocking filtering, completes decompression process.
The present invention, for unmanned plane reconnaissance image feature, the most H.264 with JPEG2000 both compression algorithms, mainly
Being that 16x16 and 8x8 luminance block uses (9,7) DWT conversion, remaining macro block is continuing with Integer DCT Transform.
Embodiment
Experiment is carried out on VS2010 platform, for rest image, in the case of ensureing that PSNR is close, compares its compression ratio
Size.For scouting video, owing to PSNR difference is bigger, select in the case of subjective quality is barely affected, amount
Change value QP value is set to 20, and 51, code check is 512kb/s, compares its compression ratio size.Single-frame images selects high-spectrum
As PIC4.bmp, 1024x1024, size 3M；Dynamic video selects unmanned plane to scout video BGR_352x288.yuv,
352x288, size is 18.9M.
1,16x16 macroblock size is divided an image into；
2, for single-frame images PIC4, image is carried out infra-frame prediction；Enter for scouting video BGR_352x288.yuv
In row frame and inter prediction；
3, predictive value and observed value are subtracted each other that to obtain Image Residual fast, and to 16x16 and 8x8 luminance pixel block in Image Residual
Carrying out (9,7) DWT transform and quantization, remaining block carries out dct transform and quantization；
5, the result in previous step is carried out entropy code；
6, decompress and obtain output file: generate pic4.264 file respectively through x264 program coding, size 49.8KB and
BGR_352x288.264 file, size is 129KB.
(wherein, the image quality evaluation standard used in following table is SSIM(structural similarity), PSNR(Y-PSNR))
Operation result is:
Wherein, rest image PIC4, upper side data is H.264 scheme compression result, and intermediate data is JPEG2000 pressure
Sheepshank fruit, lower side data is then compression scheme test result of the present invention；In dynamic video sequence BGR_352x288 test result,
Upside is H.264 scheme compression result, and downside is compression scheme test result of the present invention, and test result is:
1) compared with the scheme of current discrete: compared with JPEG2000 compression rest image, be more or less the same at PSNR (low
In the case of 0.557dB), the compression ratio of this method has had and has been greatly improved, and about 284%；With more H.264 compress dynamic video
Compare, higher at subjective quality assessment, have lost part PSNR(and be mainly luminance component PSNR, low 2.987dB)
In the case of, the compression ratio of this method is greatly improved, and about 25.6%；
2) compared with the integrated scheme currently taked, i.e. dynamic and static 2 kinds of images are compressed by H.264 standard: dynamic vision
Frequently aspect is as described in epimere；Rest image is more or less the same in the case of (low 1.024dB) at PSNR, the compression ratio of this method
More H.264 compression scheme there has also been and significantly improves, and about 14%.Therefore, this method can better meet unmanned plane in bandwidth
Application demand under limited situation.
Consideration based on the following aspects: H.264 in compression standard, the spatial alternation of large-size block exists can optimize lifting
Possibility；In JPEG2000 compression standard, DWT conversion is applicable to bulk conversion, has the spy that energy is concentrated, compression ratio is high
Point, the present invention proposes a kind of comprehensive compaction coding method of unmanned plane reconnaissance image based on the conversion of selectivity block.The method is comprehensive
H.264 with JPEG2000 both compression schemes, DWT is applied to 16x16 and 8x8 luminance block in H.264
In conversion, result of the test shows:
1) compared with the scheme of current discrete: compared with JPEG2000 compression rest image, in PSNR(peak value noise
Than) in the case of be more or less the same (low about 1dB), compression ratio is significantly improved (adding up after tested, averagely can improve 10%)；
Compared with H.264 compressing dynamic video, because 16x16 luminance block being taken DWT conversion substitute DCT, PSNR
Can decline and especially the PSNR of luminance component be affected substantially (5-10dB), but compression ratio improves relatively big (20%)；
2) compared with the integrated scheme currently taked, i.e. dynamic and static 2 kinds of images are compressed by H.264 standard: dynamic vision
Frequently aspect is as described in epimere；Compared with H.264 compressing rest image, the feelings of be more or less the same at PSNR (low about 1dB)
Under condition, the compression ratio of this method is significantly improved (about 14%).Therefore, this method can better meet unmanned plane at band
Application demand under wide limited situation.
Claims (2)
1. the comprehensive compaction coding method of unmanned plane reconnaissance image based on the conversion of selectivity block, including following step:
(1) H.264 the macro block in scheme divides；
Coded image is divided by H.264 standard, is divided into the macro block of 16 × 16 pixel sizes；
Coded image includes video information, SAR image, high spectrum image；
(2) according to type selecting intraframe coding or the interframe encoding mode of picture frame, coding it is predicted respectively；
If multiframe dynamic video, use inter prediction and intraframe predictive coding；If the SAR image of single frames or removal
High spectrum image after spectrum intersexuality, then only with intraframe predictive coding；
By predictive coding, obtain the predictive value of current macro；
(3) image residual block calculates；
The macroblock prediction value obtained through step (2) is subtracted each other with former macro block, obtains image residual block；
(5) entropy code:
Utilize entropy code in H.264/AVC standard that control information and the residual error data after quantifying, motion vector information are entered
Row data compression, after completing entropy code, obtains compressing the compressed bit stream of image, through network self-adapting layer for transmission and storage；
It is characterized in that, also include step (4):
(4) based on block size Selection spatial transform method；
In Image Residual 16 × 16 and 8 × 8 luminance pixel blocks are carried out wavelet transform, and remaining macro block carries out discrete cosine change
Change.
The comprehensive compaction coding method of unmanned plane reconnaissance image based on the conversion of selectivity block the most according to claim 1, described
(4) in, discrete wavelet uses 9/7 wavelet basis.
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| CN103796012B (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2017-02-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | Unmanned aerial vehicle multisource heterogeneous reconnaissance image compression interface adaption method |
| CN104349142B (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2018-07-06 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of UAV Video adaptive transmission method based on layering expression |
| WO2017020184A1 (en) | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-09 | SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd. | Methods of modifying search areas |
| CN107852491B (en) | 2015-07-31 | 2021-09-14 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Sensor-assisted code rate control method |
| CN106506456B (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2019-08-16 | 重庆金美通信有限责任公司 | A method of ospf protocol message is compressed and encrypted based on LZW compression algorithm |
| US10503175B2 (en) | 2017-10-26 | 2019-12-10 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Lidar signal compression |
| CN109462762B (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2020-12-01 | 国网福建省电力有限公司漳州供电公司 | Image processing method for unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography |
| WO2022061880A1 (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-03-31 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Movable platform and online data processing method and apparatus therefor, and storage medium |
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