CN103346379B - A kind ofly be applied to the Terahertz antenna detected in coal mine hole - Google Patents
A kind ofly be applied to the Terahertz antenna detected in coal mine hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN103346379B CN103346379B CN201310231142.4A CN201310231142A CN103346379B CN 103346379 B CN103346379 B CN 103346379B CN 201310231142 A CN201310231142 A CN 201310231142A CN 103346379 B CN103346379 B CN 103346379B
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- parabola
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Abstract
A kind ofly be applied to the Terahertz antenna detected in coal mine hole, belong to Antenna Design field, it is installed in coal mine drill pipe, adopt the wavelength corresponding to operating frequency centered by multiple layer confocal point, focal length difference n λ/2(λ, n is integer) parabola as reflecting surface, adopt open circles waveguide as feed, and after connect square-circle transition waceguide, 90 ° of H face waveguide bends and standard flange, and the radome of use glass-reinforced plastic material is as protection.The present invention has the character of high-gain, pole narrow beam, can realize high-resolution imaging.Whole antenna system volume is little, compact conformation, can be used as the front end antenna of terahertz detection system, be integrated in deeply holing in drilling rod and carry out detection operations, minute fissure in accurate detection coal mine hole or other materials, the water inrush accident that effective prevention causes due to factors such as cracks, ensures the production safety in colliery.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Antenna Design field, is specifically a kind of design being applied to the Terahertz antenna detected in coal mine hole.
Background technology
In recent years, China's coal-mine work safety accident occurs often, causes the extensive concern of society, and wherein mine water disaster has become the major hidden danger of restriction Safety of Coal Mine Production." old kiln and water in gob area " gushing water accounts for the overwhelming majority of water damage accident, and how this is caused by mining surface minute fissure, therefore, it is possible to effectively detecting crack in mine hole is the key preventing mine water disaster.
The electric measuring methods such as the DC electrical method that current Mine pit survey system adopts, transient electromagnetic, audio-frequency electric are saturating instrument detection accuracy used is inadequate, and the degree of depth of seismic method detection is inadequate, again due to the restriction of the factors such as instrument volume, form of construction work, be all difficult to realize detecting in coal mine drilling.
Because in coal mine hole, gap size is small, general radar imaging technology is difficult to reach the high-resolution detected needed for gap, and THz imaging technology has the high superiority of image resolution ratio.In addition, general microwave antenna to realize high-gain, high-resolution needs larger size, and Terahertz antenna is small-sized while realizing high-resolution imaging, can be placed in colliery punching drilling rod, detect along with in drilling rod access aperture, there is no the restriction of detection range, and achieve in accurately detecting and hole and detect.
The antenna type that effectively can be operated in Terahertz frequency range is at present few, and the loss when high frequency of the flat plane antenna such as microstrip line and patch antenna array is too high, and efficiency is low; Wave guide slot array antenna row there is the advantages such as power capacity is large, gain is high, narrow beam, but when high frequency relative narrow bandwidth, requirement on machining accuracy is high, and not easily conformal with detection system; The novel substrate integration wave-guide (SIW) proposed in recent years is limited in high band perforate difficulty and the shortcoming such as dielectric material loss is large; And reflector antenna has, and gain is high, frequency range is wide, low-loss good characteristic, but single reflector antenna longitudinal size of general type is larger, coal mine drill pipe inside can utilize insufficient space to hold, and the little dual reflector antenna secondary mirror of longitudinal size requires minimumly to be greater than 4 operation wavelengths, secondary mirror-primary mirror relative aperture about 0.1, thus extrapolate that primary mirror requirement is minimum is greater than 40 operation wavelengths, primary mirror bore required under Terahertz low-frequency range is greater than drilling rod space, can not be positioned over work in drilling rod.
Summary of the invention
The technology of the present invention is dealt with problems: in order to overcome, existing Detection Techniques precision is inadequate, the degree of depth not, can not in hole detection and the above antenna high-frequency loss is large or with the defect such as drilling rod is incompatible, there is provided that a kind of volume is little, compact conformation, the low-loss be easily combined with coal mine drill pipe, be wide bandly applied to the Terahertz antenna detected in coal mine hole, this antenna has the characteristic of high-gain, pole narrow beam, can be applicable to have in the terahertz imaging system of high-resolution imaging characteristic, as the transmitting and receiving front end of electromagnetic signal.Antenna Operation, in the low-frequency range (below 300GHz) of terahertz wave band, can be positioned in the current standard coal mine drill pipe generally used and carry out detecting in coal mine hole.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems and step as follows:
(1) the operation wavelength λ that center of antenna operating frequency (below 300GHz) is corresponding and antenna half-power beamwidth θ is first determined
3dB, then obtain parabola bore D according to parabolic antenna bore formula
1=k λ/(2 θ
3dBη) (k=65 ° ~ 80 °, be the irradiation taper of feed, η=40% ~ 60% is antenna radiation efficiency), and obtain paraboloidal focal distance f
1=(D
1/ 4) cot (k/2).
(2) according to the parabola bore D that step (1) is tried to achieve
1and focal distance f
1, choose suitable standard coal mine drill pipe for settling Terahertz antenna, if standard drill pipe outside diameter d
1, internal diameter d
2, under the condition retaining limbers safe wall thickness Δ tmm, mobile drilling rod limbers makes it depart from drilling rod center (d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t) mm, then at the side (radical length 2 (d away from limbers
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t) mm) provide sufficient space for Antenna Design.
(3) side away from limbers described in step (2) directly utilizes NC Milling technology to mill out the reflective surface portion of antenna, and the reflecting surface of antenna is made up of multilayer parabola, is numbered N
1, N
2, N
n, n is natural number (generally getting 2-4), and all paraboloidal focuses overlap, and focal length differs n successively
1λ/2, n
2λ/2, n
n-1λ/2, n
1, n
2, n
n-1be all natural number, be generally 1-4, the paraboloidal schematic diagram of this multilayer is as accompanying drawing 7, and arrow line represents light, analyzes, by the THz wave of focus incidence, through the n that each layer parabolic reflector is followed successively by the optical path difference on confocal with dipped beam theory
1λ, n
2λ, n
n-1λ, i.e. homophase on confocal, this is equivalent to a bore and focal length and N from electromagnetic property
1the individual layer parabola that layer is equal.If accompanying drawing 7, O point is the paraboloidal confocal point of multilayer, N
1layer parabola vertex is A point, last one deck N
nsummit be B point, if hollow out from rear end, successively recessed, the longitudinal size at parabola center can be reduced to OB from OA.Effectively reduce longitudinal size compared to this structure of individual layer parabola as seen.Get the parabola bore D that step (1) is tried to achieve
1and focal distance f
1for N
1layer paraboloidal parameter, then N
2layer parabola focal distance f
2=f
1-n
1λ/2, by that analogy, N
nlayer parabola focal distance f
n=f
n-1-n
n-1λ/2; Except N
1the paraboloidal bore of layer is determined, and choosing of all the other paraboloidal bores is not fixed, and follows f
i/ D
i<f
i-1/ D
i-1principle.Sort last parabola N
nsummit drop on distance limbers inwall wall thickness Δ t position on, be namely positioned at distance drilling rod surface 2 (d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t) mm place, then the confocal point of whole reflecting surface is positioned at distance drilling rod surface (2 (d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t)-f
n) mm (f
nparabola N
nfocal length) place, to move behind other paraboloidal summits and overlapping with limbers around summit, remove overlapping part, make every layer of parabola chimeric with surface, limbers, whole reflecting surface rear end is successively in sunk structure, take full advantage of the space that drilling rod is idle, improve the focal length-relative aperture of parabolic antenna, thus improve gain and the low sidelobe performance of antenna.
(4) the irradiation taper k according to step (1), determines the feed beamwidth θ corresponding with k
k=2k; Feed adopts open circles waveguide as spoke side, and is made up of square-circle transition waceguide, 90 ° of rectangle H face waveguide bends and standard flange successively, and its structural parameters comprise: the bore D of open circles waveguide
feedwith length l
1, square-circle transition waceguide length l
2and the radius of curvature R of waveguide bend; Feed as the parabolic antenna of feed-forward mode requires very wide wave beam, the pattern beam of circular waveguide radiation is wider and symmetry is better, in certain bandwidth, E face, H face directional diagram are very symmetrical, and rectangular waveguide due to the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION difference in E face and H face larger, the directional diagram symmetry of radiation is poor, therefore in order to make Terahertz antenna all realize high-gain, pole narrow beam in E face and H face, have employed open circles waveguide as radiation port.There is polarization degeneracy phenomenon in circular waveguide, can evoke cross polar component, antenna pattern is worsened, Curved Rectangular Waveguide need be adopted as transmission waveguide after bending.Block impact in order to reduce feed structure to feed primary radiation and reflecting surface secondary radiation, feed adopts twice 90 ° of H face bend mode to lead to the ring flange interface at reflecting surface structure back.The rectangular waveguide section (comprising waveguide bend) of feed can, according to the operating frequency selection standard waveguide model of antenna, use finite element simulation to optimize D
feed, l
1, l
2make feed irradiate taper with R and meet θ
kand standing wave VSWR little as far as possible (less than 1.4), use electrocasting processed finished products after determining parameters size; Feed and step (3) described reflecting surface are combined by symmetrical feed-forward mode, and its phase center is positioned on the confocal point of reflecting surface, is fixed by rear end ring flange.
(5) the drilling rod outer surface machined grooves away from side, limbers described in step (2); for the cover that fixes up an aerial wire; as accompanying drawing 5; radome adopts the glass-reinforced plastic material that mechanical strength is high, electric property is good; thickness is λ/2; conformal with drilling rod surface, be directly encapsulated on drilling rod by gluing, protect the normal work of antenna and affect very little on the electric property of antenna.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art: volume of the present invention is little; compact conformation; can be placed in coal mine drill pipe and carry out work; there is the characteristics such as low-loss, high-gain, narrow beam, broadband; again because there is the protection of fiberglass radome; the present invention also has antidetonation, measuring body ability; can be applied to and in time, accurately the micro gap in coal mine hole be detected; effectively prevent the water inrush accident because gap causes; ensure the production safety in colliery, for the Antenna Design link in terahertz detection technology provides good solution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is general illustration of the present invention, and solid line is the actual profile seen, dotted line is the profile be blocked;
Fig. 2 is longitudinal sectional view of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is rearview of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of feed of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is radome schematic diagram of the present invention;
The left figure of Fig. 6 is standard drill pipe cross sectional representation, and right figure is drilling rod cross sectional representation of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of reflecting surface of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the directional diagram of the present embodiment antenna, and solid line is E face, and dotted line is H face;
Fig. 9 is the standing wave pattern of the present embodiment antenna.
In figure, 11. N
1layer parabola, 12. N
2layer parabola, 21. squares-circle transition waceguide, 22. No. one 90 ° rectangle H face waveguide bends, 23. No. two 90 ° rectangle H face waveguide bends, 24. standard flanges, 31. drilling rod grooves, 41. drilling rod limbers, 51. perforates.
Embodiment
Also describe the present invention in detail hereinafter with reference to accompanying drawing in conjunction with the embodiments.It should be noted that the embodiment in the application is the preferred embodiments of the present invention; be not limited to the present invention; and the structural parameters numerical value provided is the result in order to meet after the present embodiment specific requirement optimization; principle not used with the present invention is conflicted; within the spirit and principles in the present invention every; the any amendment, improvement etc. done, all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
As Fig. 1 and 2, be overall schematic of the present invention and longitudinal sectional view.The present invention is integrated in coal mine drill pipe, adopt multiple layer confocal point, the focal length difference n λ/2 (wavelength centered by λ corresponding to operating frequency, n is integer) parabola as reflecting surface, adopt open circles waveguide as feed, and after connect square-circle transition waceguide, 90 ° of H face waveguide bends and standard flange, and use the radome of glass-reinforced plastic material as protection.
In the embodiment of the present invention, Antenna Operation is at 105GHz-115GHz, bandwidth 10GHz, center operating frequency 110GHz, corresponding wavelength λ=2.725mm, and re-set target is: half-power beam width θ
3dB<6 °.The design procedure of the present embodiment is as follows:
(1) λ=2.725mm is got, θ
3dB=5 °, feed irradiates taper k=80 °, and antenna radiation efficiency η=45%, tries to achieve parabola bore D
1=k λ/(2 θ
3dBη)=48mm, and obtain paraboloidal focal distance f
1=(D
1/ 4) cot (k/2)=14mm.
(2) outside diameter d is selected according to the result of step (1) gained
1=73mm, internal diameter d
2the standard drill pipe of=43mm.As Fig. 6, left figure is the cross section of standard drill pipe, and right figure is the cross section placing antenna part, under the condition retaining drilling rod limbers 41 minimum safe wall thickness Δ t=5mm, and skew center, limbers d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t=10mm, then obtain radical length 2 (d in the side away from limbers
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t)=20mm space be used for Antenna Design.
(3) embodiment of the present invention adopts double-deck parabola as reflecting surface, can designing antenna by the known radial space having a 20mm of step (2), reserved 9mm space for installing feed and radome, then f
2maximum occurrences is remaining space 11mm, and two-layer parabola focus difference adopts wavelength X, then a f
1=f
2+ λ=13.725mm, close with the 14mm ten points of step (1) gained, do not affect antenna performance, parabola bore gets 48mm, 25mm successively, N
2it is ensure that reflecting surface covers limbers outer wall and the excellent result of antenna performance completely that the bore of layer parabola 12 is chosen.N
2the summit of layer parabola 12 is dropped on the position of distance limbers inwall wall thickness Δ t=5mm, is namely positioned at distance drilling rod surface 2 (d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t)=20mm place, as the P point position of Fig. 2.Then the confocal point of whole reflecting surface is positioned at 9mm place, distance drilling rod surface, N
1the rear end of layer parabola 11 is chimeric with drilling rod.Utilize NC Milling technology in drilling rod, process this double-deck paraboloid structure.
(4) according to the irradiation taper k=80 ° that step (1) is got, then corresponding beamwidth θ
k=160 °, obtain the bore D of open circles waveguide through finite element method analysis
feedthe E face of feed and the θ in H face during=2mm
kall close to 160 °.As Fig. 4, it is the schematic diagram of feed parts.Now open circles waveguide length l
1=1mm, the length l of square-circle transition waceguide 21
2=1.65mm, the radius of curvature R=3.032mm of No. one 90 ° rectangle H face waveguide bends 22 and No. two 90 ° rectangle H face waveguide bends 23; The rectangular waveguide section of feed adopts standard waveguide BJ1200 (length and width are respectively 2.032mm, 1.016mm), and feed is at bandwidth standing internal wave VSWR<1.3.Combined by symmetrical feed-forward mode with step (3) described parabola, its radiation port center is positioned on paraboloidal confocal point, is fixed by the standard flange (24) of rear end and is finely tuned.
(5) processing of the drilling rod outer surface away from side, the limbers drilling rod groove 31 described in step (2), for the cover that fixes up an aerial wire, as Fig. 5, is the schematic diagram of radome.Radome adopts the glass-reinforced plastic material that mechanical strength is high, electric property is good, and thickness is λ/2, rounds as 1.5mm, conformal with drilling rod surface, is directly encapsulated on drilling rod by bonding method, the normal work of protection antenna.
(6) as shown in Figure 3, in drilling rod rear surface perforate 51, and be furnished with encapsulation bonnet, can conveniently install the ring flange of feed rear end, be easy to finely tune feed and fix.
In sum, in the present embodiment, the course of work of antenna is summarised as: Terahertz power source is placed on the ground, by the feed feed of standard rectangular waveguide along coal mine drill pipe limbers under coal mine hole, feed through primary radiation outgoing THz wave on double-deck parabola, reflecting surface carries out the electromagnetic signal that secondary radiation produces a high directivity, pole narrow beam, high-resolution imaging can be carried out to the radial micro gap in coal mine hole, realize accurately, in real time detecting.
As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, the antenna for the present embodiment adds the simulation result after radome, and radome adopts dielectric constant to be the glass-reinforced plastic material of 2.2, and thickness is λ/2=1.5mm.Antenna reaches 31dB in centre frequency 110GHz gain, and beamwidth E face and H face are respectively 4.3 ° and 3.7 °, and be all less than 6 °, standing wave is less than 1.62 in bandwidth.Visible, the present invention has the characteristic of high-gain, narrow beam, can be used for high-resolution imaging, and the front end Antenna Design for terahertz imaging system provides a kind of effective solution.
In a word, the present invention has the character of high-gain, pole narrow beam, can realize high-resolution imaging.Whole antenna system volume is little, compact conformation, can be used as the front end antenna of terahertz detection system, be integrated in deeply holing in drilling rod and carry out detection operations, minute fissure in accurate detection coal mine hole or other materials, the water inrush accident that effective prevention causes due to factors such as cracks, ensures the production safety in colliery.
Non-elaborated part of the present invention belongs to techniques well known.
The above; be only part embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any those skilled in the art are in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. be applied to the Terahertz antenna detected in coal mine hole, be installed in coal mine drill pipe, comprise reflecting surface, feed and radome, it is characterized in that the making step of described antenna is as follows:
(1) the operation wavelength λ that the center operating frequency of below antenna 300GHz is corresponding and antenna half-power beamwidth θ is first determined
3dB, then obtain parabola bore D according to parabolic antenna bore formula
1=k λ/(2 θ
3dBη), k=65 ° ~ 80 °, be the irradiation taper of feed, η=40% ~ 60% is antenna radiation efficiency, and obtains paraboloidal focal distance f
1=(D
1/ 4) cot (k/2);
(2) according to the parabola bore D that step (1) is tried to achieve
1and focal distance f
1, choose suitable standard coal mine drill pipe for installing and design Terahertz antenna, if standard drill pipe outside diameter d
1, internal diameter d
2, under the condition retaining limbers safe wall thickness Δ t, mobile drilling rod limbers makes it depart from drilling rod center (d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t), then obtain radical length 2 (d in the side away from limbers
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t) space be used for Antenna Design;
(3) side away from limbers described in step (2) processes the reflective surface portion of antenna, and the reflecting surface of antenna is made up of multilayer parabola, and from drilling rod center to drilling rod, multilayer parabola is numbered N by surface
1, N
2..., N
n, n is natural number, and all paraboloidal focuses overlap, and focal length differs n successively
1λ/2, n
2λ/2 ..., n
n-1λ/2, n
1, n
2..., n
n-1it is all natural number; Get the parabola bore D that step (1) is tried to achieve
1and focal distance f
1for N
1layer paraboloidal parameter, then N
2layer parabola focal distance f
2=f
1-n
1λ/2, by that analogy, N
nlayer parabola focal distance f
n=f
n-1-n
n-1λ/2; Sort last parabola N
nsummit drop on distance limbers inwall wall thickness Δ t position on, be namely positioned at distance drilling rod surface 2 (d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t) place, then the confocal point of whole reflecting surface is positioned at distance drilling rod surface (2 (d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t)-f
n) place, f
nparabola N
nfocal length, other paraboloidal summits are moved and overlapping with limbers around summit behind limbers, remove overlapping part, make every layer of parabola chimeric with surface, limbers, and whole reflecting surface rear end is successively sunk structure;
(4) the irradiation taper k according to step (1), determines the feed beamwidth θ corresponding with k
k=2k; Feed adopts open circles waveguide as spoke side, and is made up of square-circle transition waceguide, 90 ° of rectangle H face waveguide bends and standard flange successively, and the structural parameters of feed comprise: the bore D of open circles waveguide
feedwith length l
1, square-circle transition waceguide length l
2and the radius of curvature R of waveguide bend; The rectangular waveguide section comprising waveguide bend of feed, according to the operating frequency selection standard waveguide model of antenna, uses finite element simulation to optimize D
feed, l
1, l
2make feed irradiate taper with R and meet θ
knamely and standing wave VSWR is little as far as possible by less than 1.4; Feed and step (3) described parabola are combined by symmetrical feed-forward mode, and the phase center of feed is positioned on paraboloidal confocal point, is fixed by rear end ring flange;
(5) the drilling rod outer surface machined grooves away from side, limbers described in step (2), for the cover that fixes up an aerial wire, protects whole Terahertz antenna.
2. be according to claim 1ly applied to the Terahertz antenna detected in coal mine hole, it is characterized in that: the reflective surface portion described in step (3), except N
1the paraboloidal bore of layer is determined, and choosing of all the other paraboloidal bores is not fixed, and follows f
i/ D
i<f
i-1/ D
i-1principle, i is natural number, and 2≤i≤n.
3. be according to claim 1ly applied to the Terahertz antenna detected in coal mine hole, it is characterized in that: the radome described in step (5) adopts glass-reinforced plastic material, thickness is λ/2, and conformal with drilling-rod external wall, the wavelength that wherein centered by λ, operating frequency is corresponding.
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| CN104579387A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 健富塑胶五金制品（东莞）有限公司 | Enhanced satellite signal receiver |
| CN105649617A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-06-08 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Experimental method for monitoring expansion process of hydraulic fracture through electromagnetic signals |
| CN109473773A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-15 | 四川睿迪澳科技有限公司 | Airborne conformal flush mounting wave beam wide-angle leans forward antenna |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101364517A (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2009-02-11 | 李德杰 | Terahertz radiation source |
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| KR101754275B1 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2017-07-06 | 한국전자통신연구원 | THz-wave generation/detection module and device using the same |
| JP5662258B2 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2015-01-28 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Terahertz wave generator |
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| CN101364517A (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2009-02-11 | 李德杰 | Terahertz radiation source |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Hongfu Meng et. al..Design of Diffractive Cassegrain Antenna at W band.《2011 IEEE CIE International Conference on Radar(Radar)》.2011,第2卷第1176-1178页. * |
| 矩形波导到圆波导模式变换器的优化设计;陈东东 等;《电子器件》;20060426;第29卷(第2期);第409-412页 * |
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