CN103346379A - Terahertz antenna applied to detection in coal mine hole - Google Patents
Terahertz antenna applied to detection in coal mine hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN103346379A CN103346379A CN2013102311424A CN201310231142A CN103346379A CN 103346379 A CN103346379 A CN 103346379A CN 2013102311424 A CN2013102311424 A CN 2013102311424A CN 201310231142 A CN201310231142 A CN 201310231142A CN 103346379 A CN103346379 A CN 103346379A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a terahertz antenna applied to detection in a coal mine hole and belongs to the field of antenna design. The terahertz antenna is arranged on a coal mine drill rod. The terahertz antenna utilizes multiple layers of paraboloids as reflecting surfaces, wherein the paraboloids have the same focus, and the difference of the focal lengths of the paraboloids is nlambda/2 (lambda is the wave length corresponding to a central work frequency, and n is an integer). The terahertz antenna utilizes an opened circular waveguide as a feed source, a rectangle-circle transition waveguide, a 90-degree H surface bent waveguide and a standard flange plate are connected to the rear of the terahertz antenna, and an antenna cover made of fiber reinforce plastic materials is used for protection. The terahertz antenna applied to detection in the coal mine hole has the advantages of being high in gain and extremely narrow in wave beam, and high-resolution imaging can be achieved. The whole antenna is small in size, compact in structure, capable of being used as a front end antenna of a terahertz detection system, and capable of being integrated into the drill rod and going deep into a drill hole to carry out detection work, small fractures or other substances in the coal mine hole can be accurately detected, water inrushing accidents caused by the fractures and other factors can be effectively prevented, and production safety of coal mines is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the antenna design field, specifically is a kind of design that is applied to the Terahertz antenna surveyed in the hole, colliery.
Background technology
In recent years, China's coal-mine production safety accident takes place often, has caused social extensive concern, and wherein mine water disaster has become the major hidden danger of restriction Safety of Coal Mine Production." old kiln and goaf ponding " gushing water accounts for the overwhelming majority of water damage accident, and these are many to be caused by mine surface minute fissure, can detect effectively therefore that the crack is the key that prevents mine water disaster in the mine hole.
The used instrument detection accuracy of electric measuring methods such as DC electrical method, transient electromagnetic, the audio-frequency electric that present mine detection system adopts is saturating is not enough, and the degree of depth that seismic method is surveyed is not enough, owing to the restriction of factors such as instrument volume, form of construction work, all be difficult to be implemented in the boring of colliery and survey again.
Because gap size is small in the hole, colliery, general radar imagery technology is difficult to reach the required high-resolution in detection slit, and the terahertz imaging technology has the high superiority of image resolution ratio.In addition, general microwave antenna needs bigger size if will realize high-gain, high-resolution, and the Terahertz antenna is small-sized when realizing high-resolution imaging, can be placed in the colliery punching drilling rod, along with entering in the hole, drilling rod surveys, do not have the restriction of detection range, and realized surveying in accurate detection and the hole.
The antenna type that can effectively be operated in the Terahertz frequency range at present is few, and the loss when high frequency of flat plane antennas such as microstrip line and patch antenna array is too high, and efficient is low; Wave guide slot array antenna row have advantages such as power capacity is big, gain height, narrow beam, but relative bandwidth is narrow when high frequency, the requirement on machining accuracy height, and difficult and detection system is conformal; The novel substrate integration wave-guide (SIW) of Ti Chuing is subject in shortcomings such as high band perforate difficulty and dielectric material loss are big in recent years; Gain is high, wide, the low-loss good characteristic of frequency range and reflector antenna has, but single reflector antenna longitudinal size of general type is bigger, drilling rod inside, colliery can utilize insufficient space to hold, and the little dual reflector antenna secondary mirror of longitudinal size requires minimum greater than 4 operation wavelengths, secondary mirror-primary mirror relative aperture about 0.1, thereby it is minimum greater than 40 operation wavelengths to extrapolate the primary mirror requirement, primary mirror bore required under the Terahertz low-frequency range can not be positioned over work in the drilling rod greater than the drilling rod space.
Summary of the invention
The technology of the present invention is dealt with problems: existing Detection Techniques precision is not enough in order to overcome, the degree of depth is not enough, survey in can not the hole and the above antenna high-frequency loss is big or with defectives such as drilling rod is incompatible, provide that a kind of volume is little, compact conformation, easily with low-loss that the colliery drilling rod is combined, the wide band Terahertz antenna surveyed in the hole, colliery of being applied to, this antenna has the characteristic of high-gain, utmost point narrow beam, can be applicable to have in the terahertz imaging system of high-resolution imaging characteristic, as the front end that transmits and receives of electromagnetic signal.Antenna is operated in the low-frequency range (300GHz is following) of terahertz wave band, can be positioned in the standard colliery drilling rod that generally uses at present and carry out surveying in the hole, colliery.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems and step are as follows:
(1) at first determines corresponding operation wavelength λ and the antenna half-power beamwidth θ of center of antenna operating frequency (300GHz is following)
3dB, obtain parabolic bore D according to parabolic antenna bore formula then
1=k λ/(2 θ
3dBη) (k=65 °～80 °, be the irradiation taper of feed, η=40%～60% is antenna radiation efficiency), and obtain paraboloidal focal distance f
1=(D
1/ 4) cot (k/2).
(2) the parabolic bore D that tries to achieve according to step (1)
1And focal distance f
1, choose suitable standard colliery drilling rod and be used for settling Terahertz antenna, the accurate drilling rod outside diameter d of bidding
1/ 2mm, inner diameter d
2/ 2mm, under the condition that keeps limbers safe wall thickness Δ tmm, mobile drilling rod limbers makes it depart from drilling rod center (d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t) mm is then at a side (the radical length 2(d away from the limbers
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t) mm) provides enough spaces for antenna design.
(3) directly utilize the NC Milling technology to mill out the reflecting surface part of antenna in the described side away from the limbers of step (2), the reflecting surface of antenna is formed by multilayer is parabolic, is numbered N
1, N
2,, N
n, n is natural number (generally getting 2-4), and all paraboloidal focuses overlap, and focal length differs n successively
1λ/2, n
2λ/2,, n
N-1λ/2, n
1, n
2, n
N-1All be natural number, be generally 1-4, the paraboloidal schematic diagram of this multilayer such as accompanying drawing 7, arrow line represents light, analyzes with dipped beam scientific principle opinion, by the THz wave of focus incident, the n that is followed successively by through the optical path difference of each layer parabolic reflector on to confocal
1λ, n
2λ,, n
N-1λ, i.e. homophase on confocal, this is equivalent to a bore and focal length and N from electromagnetic property
1The individual layer parabola that layer equates.As accompanying drawing 7, the O point is the paraboloidal confocal point of multilayer, N
1The parabolic summit of layer is the A point, last one deck N
EndThe summit be the B point, if hollow out from the rear end, successively be recess, the longitudinal size at parabolic center can be reduced to OB from OA.As seen effectively reduced longitudinal size than the parabolic this structure of individual layer.Get the parabolic bore D that step (1) is tried to achieve
1And focal distance f
1Be N
1Layer paraboloidal parameter, then N
2The parabolic focal distance f of layer
2=f
1-n
1λ/2, by that analogy, N
nThe parabolic focal distance f of layer
n=f
N-1-n
N-1λ/2; Except N
1The paraboloidal bore of layer is definite, and f is followed in cannot not choosing fixingly of all the other paraboloidal bores
i/ D
i＜f
I-1/ D
I-1Principle.Last parabolic N sorts
EndThe summit drop on the position apart from limbers inwall wall thickness Δ t, namely be positioned at apart from drilling rod surface 2 (d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t) mm place, then the confocal point of entire emission face is positioned at apart from drilling rod surface (2 (d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t)-f
End) mm(f
EndBe parabolic N
EndFocal length) locate, move behind other paraboloidal summits and on the summit around overlapping with the limbers, remove overlapping part, make that every layer of parabola and surface, limbers are chimeric, the entire emission surface rear end successively is sunk structure, taken full advantage of the idle space of drilling rod, improved the focal length-relative aperture of parabolic antenna, thereby improved gain and the low side lobe performance of antenna.
(4) according to the described irradiation taper of step (1) k, determine the feed beamwidth θ k=2k corresponding with k; Feed adopts the open circles waveguide as spoke side, and is made up of square-circle transition waceguide, 90 ° of rectangle H face waveguide bends and standard flange successively, and its structural parameters comprise: the bore D of open circles waveguide
FeedAnd length l
1, square-circle transition waceguide length l
2And the radius of curvature R of waveguide bend; Feed as the parabolic antenna of feed-forward mode requires very wide wave beam, the directional diagram wave beam of circular waveguide radiation is wideer and symmetry is better, E face, H face directional diagram are very symmetrical in certain bandwidth, and rectangular waveguide is because the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of E face and H face differs bigger, the directional diagram symmetry of radiation is relatively poor, therefore in order to make the Terahertz antenna all realize high-gain, utmost point narrow beam at E face and H face, adopted the open circles waveguide as the radiation port.There is polarization degeneracy phenomenon in circular waveguide, can evoke cross polar component through after the bending, and antenna pattern is worsened, and needs to adopt the rectangular bend waveguide as transmission waveguide.In order to reduce feed structure to the influence of blocking of feed primary radiation and reflecting surface secondary radiation, feed adopts 90 ° of ring flange interfaces that H face bend mode is led to reflecting surface structure back twice.The rectangular waveguide section (comprising waveguide bend) of feed can use finite element simulation to optimize D according to the operating frequency selection standard waveguide model of antenna
Feed, l
1, l
2Make feed irradiation taper satisfy θ with R
kAnd standing wave VSWR as far as possible little (below 1.4) determines to use the electrocasting processed finished products after each parameter size; The described reflecting surface of feed and step (3) is by symmetrical feed-forward mode combination, and its phase center is positioned on the confocal point of reflecting surface, fixes by the rear end ring flange.
(5) in the described drilling rod outer surface machined grooves away from limbers one side of step (2); be used for fixing up an aerial wire cover; as accompanying drawing 5; radome adopts mechanical strength height, the good glass-reinforced plastic material of electric property; thickness is λ/2; conformal with the drilling rod surface, directly be encapsulated on the drilling rod by gluing, the operate as normal of protection antenna is also very little to the electric property influence of antenna.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is: volume of the present invention is little; compact conformation; can place and carry out work on the drilling rod of colliery; have characteristics such as low-loss, high-gain, narrow beam, broadband; again because the protection of fiberglass radome is arranged; the present invention also has antidetonation, measuring body ability; can be applied in time, accurately the micro gap in the hole, colliery be detected; effectively prevented because the gushing water accident that the slit causes; guarantee the production safety in colliery, for the design of the antenna in Terahertz Detection Techniques link provides good solution.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is general illustration of the present invention, and solid line is the actual profile of seeing, dotted line is the profile that is blocked;
Fig. 2 is longitudinal sectional view of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is rearview of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of feed of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is radome schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 left side figure is standard drilling rod cross sectional representation, and right figure is drilling rod cross sectional representation of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of reflecting surface of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the directional diagram of present embodiment antenna, and solid line is the E face, and dotted line is the H face;
Fig. 9 is the standing wave pattern of present embodiment antenna.
Among the figure, 11. N
1Layer is parabolic, 12. N
2Layer is parabolic, 21. squares-circle transition waceguide, No. 22. 90 ° of rectangle H face waveguide bends, 23. No. two 90 ° of rectangle H face waveguide bends, 24. standard flanges, 31. drilling rod grooves, 41. drilling rod limbers, 51. perforates.
Embodiment
Hereinafter will describe the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments in detail.Need to prove that the embodiment among the application is the preferred embodiments of the present invention; be not limited to the present invention; and the structural parameters numerical value that provides is in order to satisfy the result after the present embodiment specific requirement is optimized; do not conflict with the used principle of the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention every; any modification of doing, improvement etc. all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
As Fig. 1 and 2, be overall schematic of the present invention and longitudinal sectional view.The present invention is integrated on the drilling rod of colliery, adopt multiple layer confocal point, focal length to differ the corresponding wavelength of operating frequency centered by n λ/2(λ, n is integer) parabola as reflecting surface, adopt the open circles waveguide as feed, and after connect square-circle transition waceguide, 90 ° of H face waveguide bends and standard flange, and the radome that uses glass-reinforced plastic material is as protection.
Antenna is operated in 105GHz-115GHz in the embodiment of the invention, bandwidth 10GHz, and central task frequency 110GHz, corresponding wavelength λ=2.725mm, re-set target is: half-power beam width θ
3dB＜6 °.The design procedure of present embodiment is as follows:
(1) gets λ=2.725mm, θ
3dB=5 °, k=80 ° of feed irradiation taper, antenna radiation efficiency η=45% is tried to achieve parabolic bore D
1=k λ/(2 θ
3dBη)=48mm, and obtain paraboloidal focal distance f
1=(D
1/ 4) cot (k/2)=14mm.
(2) result according to step (1) gained selects outside diameter d
1=73mm, inner diameter d
2The standard drilling rod of=43mm.As Fig. 6, left side figure is the cross section of standard drilling rod, and right figure is the cross section of placing antenna part, under the condition that keeps drilling rod limbers 41 minimum safe wall thickness Δ t=5mm, and skew center, limbers d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t=10mm then obtains radical length 2 (d in the side away from the limbers
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t)=space of 20mm is used for the antenna design.
(3) embodiment of the invention adopts double-deck parabolicly as reflecting surface, has the radial space of 20mm can designing antenna as can be known by step (2), reserves the 9mm space and is used for installing feed and radome, then f
2Maximum occurrences is remaining space 11mm, and two-layer parabolic focus difference adopts wavelength X, then a f
1=f
2+ λ=13.725mm approached with the 14mm of step (1) gained in ten minutes, did not influence antenna performance, and parabolic bore is got 48mm, 25mm, N successively
2It is to guarantee that reflecting surface covers limbers outer wall and antenna performance excellent results fully that the bore of layer parabolic 12 is chosen.N
2The summit of layer parabolic 12 is dropped on the position apart from limbers inwall wall thickness Δ t=5mm, namely is positioned at apart from drilling rod surface 2 (d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t)=and the 20mm place, as the P point position of Fig. 2.Then the confocal point of entire emission face is positioned at apart from 9mm place, drilling rod surface, N
1Rear end and the drilling rod of layer parabolic 11 are chimeric.Utilize the NC Milling technology in drilling rod, to process this double-deck paraboloid structure.
(4) the irradiation taper of getting according to step (1) is k=80 °, then corresponding beamwidth θ
k=160 °, obtain the bore D of open circles waveguide through finite element method analysis
FeedThe θ k of the E face of feed and H face is near 160 ° during=2mm.As Fig. 4, be the schematic diagram of feed parts.This moment open circles waveguide length l
1=1mm, the length l of square-circle transition waceguide 21
2=1.65mm, the radius of curvature R=3.032mm of 90 ° of rectangle H face waveguide bends 22 and No. two 90 ° of rectangle H face waveguide bends 23; The rectangular waveguide section of feed adopts standard waveguide BJ1200(length and width to be respectively 2.032mm, 1.016mm), feed is in bandwidth standing internal wave VSWR＜1.3.Make up by symmetrical feed-forward mode with the described parabola of step (3), its radiation port center is positioned on the paraboloidal confocal point, fixes and finely tunes by the standard flange (24) of rear end.
(5) at the described drilling rod outer surface processing drilling rod groove 31 away from limbers one side of step (2), be used for fixing up an aerial wire cover, as Fig. 5, be the schematic diagram of radome.Radome adopts mechanical strength height, the good glass-reinforced plastic material of electric property, and thickness is λ/2, rounds to be 1.5mm, and is conformal with the drilling rod surface, directly is encapsulated on the drilling rod operate as normal of protection antenna by bonding method.
(6) as shown in Figure 3, in drilling rod rear surface perforate 51, and be furnished with the encapsulation bonnet, can conveniently install the ring flange of feed rear end, be easy to feed is finely tuned and fixed.
In sum, the course of work of antenna is summarised as in the present embodiment: the Terahertz power source is placed on the ground, by the feed feed of standard rectangular waveguide under along drilling rod limbers, colliery to the hole, colliery, feed process primary radiation outgoing THz wave is to double-deck parabola, reflecting surface carries out the electromagnetic signal that secondary radiation produces a high directivity, utmost point narrow beam, can carry out high-resolution imaging to the radially micro gap in the hole, colliery, realize accurately, detect in real time.
As Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9, for the antenna of present embodiment adds that it is 2.2 glass-reinforced plastic material that simulation result behind the radome, radome adopt dielectric constant, thickness is λ/2=1.5mm.Antenna reaches 31dB in centre frequency 110GHz gain, and beamwidth E face and H face are respectively 4.3 ° and 3.7 °, all less than 6 °, standing wave in bandwidth less than 1.62.As seen, the present invention has the characteristic of high-gain, narrow beam, can be used for high-resolution imaging, for the design of the front end antenna of terahertz imaging system provides a kind of effective solution.
In a word, the present invention has the character of high-gain, utmost point narrow beam, can realize high-resolution imaging.The entire antenna system bulk is little, compact conformation, can be used as the front end antenna of Terahertz detection system, be integrated in the drilling rod and deeply carry out detection operations in the boring, accurately detect minute fissure or other materials in the hole, colliery, the gushing water accident that effective prevention causes owing to factors such as cracks, the production safety in guarantee colliery.
The non-elaborated part of the present invention belongs to techniques well known.
The above; only for part embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any those skilled in the art are in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is applied to the Terahertz antenna surveyed in the hole, colliery, is installed on the drilling rod of colliery, comprises reflecting surface, feed and radome, it is characterized in that the making step of described antenna is as follows:
(1) determines that at first the center of antenna operating frequency is following corresponding operation wavelength λ and antenna half-power beamwidth θ of 300GHz
3dB, obtain parabolic bore D according to parabolic antenna bore formula then
1=k λ/(2 θ
3dBη), k=65 °～80 °, be the irradiation taper of feed, η=40%～60% is antenna radiation efficiency, and obtains paraboloidal focal distance f
1=(D
1/ 4) cot (k/2);
(2) the parabolic bore D that tries to achieve according to step (1)
1And focal distance f
1, choose suitable standard colliery drilling rod and be used for installing and designing Terahertz antenna, the accurate drilling rod outside diameter d of bidding
1, inner diameter d
2, under the condition that keeps limbers safe wall thickness Δ t, mobile drilling rod limbers makes it depart from drilling rod center (d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t), then obtain radical length 2 (d in the side away from the limbers
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t) space is used for the antenna design;
(3) process the reflecting surface part of antenna in the described side away from the limbers of step (2), the reflecting surface of antenna is formed by multilayer is parabolic, is numbered N
1, N
2,, N
n, n is natural number, and all paraboloidal focuses overlap, and focal length differs n successively
1λ/2, n
2λ/2,, n
N-1λ/2, n
1, n
2, n
N-1It all is natural number; Get the parabolic bore D that step (1) is tried to achieve
1And focal distance f
1Be N
1Layer paraboloidal parameter, then N
2The parabolic focal distance f of layer
2=f
1-n
1λ/2, by that analogy, N
nThe parabolic focal distance f of layer
n=f
N-1-n
N-1λ/2; Last parabolic N sorts
EndThe summit drop on the position apart from limbers inwall wall thickness Δ t, namely be positioned at apart from drilling rod surface 2 (d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t) locate, then the confocal point of entire emission face is positioned at apart from drilling rod surface (2 (d
1/ 2-d
2/ 2-Δ t)-f
End) locate f
EndBe parabolic N
EndFocal length, move behind other paraboloidal summits and on the summit around overlapping with the limbers, remove overlapping part, make that every layer of parabola and surface, limbers are chimeric, the entire emission surface rear end successively is sunk structure;
(4) according to the described irradiation taper of step (1) k, determine the feed beamwidth θ k=2k corresponding with k; Feed adopts the open circles waveguide as spoke side, and is made up of square-circle transition waceguide, 90 ° of rectangle H face waveguide bends and standard flange successively, and the structural parameters of feed comprise: the bore D of open circles waveguide
FeedAnd length l
1, square-circle transition waceguide length l
2And the radius of curvature R of waveguide bend; The rectangular waveguide section of feed comprises waveguide bend according to the operating frequency selection standard waveguide model of antenna, uses finite element simulation to optimize D
Feed, l
1, l
2Make feed irradiation taper satisfy θ with R
kAnd standing wave VSWR is as far as possible little namely below 1.4; The described parabola of feed and step (3) is by symmetrical feed-forward mode combination, and the phase center of feed is positioned on the paraboloidal confocal point, fixes by the rear end ring flange;
(5) in the described drilling rod outer surface machined grooves away from limbers one side of step (2), be used for fixing up an aerial wire cover, whole Terahertz antenna is protected.
2. the Terahertz antenna surveyed in the hole, colliery of being applied to according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described reflecting surface part of step (3), and except N
1The paraboloidal bore of layer is definite, and f is followed in cannot not choosing fixingly of all the other paraboloidal bores
i/ D
i＜f
I-1/ D
I-1Principle.
3. the Terahertz antenna surveyed in the hole, colliery of being applied to according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described radome of step (5) adopts glass-reinforced plastic material, thickness is λ/2, and conformal with drilling-rod external wall, wherein the wavelength of operating frequency correspondence centered by the λ.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104579387A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 健富塑胶五金制品（东莞）有限公司 | Enhanced satellite signal receiver |
| CN105649617A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-06-08 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Experimental method for monitoring expansion process of hydraulic fracture through electromagnetic signals |
| CN109473773A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-15 | 四川睿迪澳科技有限公司 | Airborne conformal flush mounting wave beam wide-angle leans forward antenna |
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| CN101364517A (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2009-02-11 | 李德杰 | Terahertz radiation source |
| US20120153161A1 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-06-21 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | THz-WAVE GENERATION /DETECTION MODULES AND DEVICES INCLUDING THE SAME |
| JP2013004698A (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2013-01-07 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Terahertz wave generator |
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| CN101364517A (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2009-02-11 | 李德杰 | Terahertz radiation source |
| US20120153161A1 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-06-21 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | THz-WAVE GENERATION /DETECTION MODULES AND DEVICES INCLUDING THE SAME |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104579387A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 健富塑胶五金制品（东莞）有限公司 | Enhanced satellite signal receiver |
| CN105649617A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-06-08 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Experimental method for monitoring expansion process of hydraulic fracture through electromagnetic signals |
| CN109473773A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-15 | 四川睿迪澳科技有限公司 | Airborne conformal flush mounting wave beam wide-angle leans forward antenna |
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|---|---|
| CN103346379B (en) | 2015-08-26 |
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