CN103346269A - Semi-transparent electrode and organic light-emitting device comprising same - Google Patents

Semi-transparent electrode and organic light-emitting device comprising same Download PDF

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CN103346269A
CN103346269A CN2013102955991A CN201310295599A CN103346269A CN 103346269 A CN103346269 A CN 103346269A CN 2013102955991 A CN2013102955991 A CN 2013102955991A CN 201310295599 A CN201310295599 A CN 201310295599A CN 103346269 A CN103346269 A CN 103346269A
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smooth removing
removing layer
electrode
semi
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CN103346269B (en
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邹建华
苏跃举
徐苗
陶洪
王磊
彭俊彪
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GUANGZHOU NEW VISION OPTOELECTRONIC CO Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a semi-transparent electrode and an organic light-emitting device comprising the semi-transparent electrode. The semi-transparent electrode is provided with a semi-transparent metal layer, a first light taking-out layer and a second light taking-out layer. The first light taking-out layer is stacked between the semi-transparent metal layer and the second light taking-out layer. The thickness of the semi-transparent metal layer is arranged to be 5-25 nm. The thickness of the first light taking-out layer is arranged to be 5-80 nm. The thickness of the second light taking-out layer is arranged to be 5-80 nm. The first light taking-out layer is formed by evaporating an organic substance or inorganic substance, wherein the refractive index of the organic substance or inorganic substance is greater than 1.6. The second light taking-out layer is formed by evaporating an organic substance or inorganic substance, wherein the refractive index of the organic substance or inorganic substance is greater than 1.6. The semi-transparent electrode is good in light-admitting quality and wide in spectrum. The organic light-emitting device comprising the semi-transparent electrode can widen the spectrum and is improved in luminous efficiency.

Description

A kind of semitransparent electrode and have the organic electroluminescence device of this semitransparent electrode
Technical field
The present invention relates to the photoelectric device technical field, relate in particular to a kind of semitransparent electrode and have the organic electroluminescence device of this electrode.
Background technology
Organic electroluminescence device (OLED) obtains broad research and application with its unique photoelectric properties in demonstration and lighting field.For further realizing the high-resolution demonstration and improve its luminescent properties and application that the OLED device begins to change to top emission and double-side from traditional bottom-emission.
As everyone knows, the OLED device mainly is made up of two electrodes and organic function layer, and first electrode prepares at substrate, and organic function layer prepares at first electrode, and second electrode prepares at organic function layer.Generally, adopt the metal conductive oxide material, such as tin indium oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO), the method by magnetron sputtering prepares first electrode at substrate, and this electrode generally all has the higher transparency of ratio.In order to realize double-side, just need improve the transparency of second electrode simultaneously; And in order to realize the top emission, in the transparency that improves second electrode simultaneously, also should reduce the transparency of first electrode.
In the prior art, the means that improve the second electrode transparency have: adopt the method for preparation first electrode, directly sputter second electrode on organic function layer; Perhaps use height instead and lead metal material thinner semitransparent electrode of evaporation one deck on organic function layer, such as the silver of 5 ~ 20nm thickness; In order further to improve light from the outgoing of second electrode, people also can increase one deck light removing layer at second electrode, and as Appl. Phys. Lett. 94,253302, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82,466 papers are described.
Because magnetron sputtering requires harshness to temperature and chamber, and in the sputter procedure, the high energy particle of generation is easy to infiltrate in the organic material, cause OLED device efficiency, life-span to descend, so magnetically controlled sputter method is not suitable for preparing second electrode of OLED device.
And use semi-transparent metals as the OLED device of second electrode, because light transmission is not good, cause the OLED device efficiency lower.Particularly in the ballistic device of top, spectrum changes greatly with observation visual angle.Though employing individual layer light removing layer can to a certain degree increase the light transmission of second electrode, but its light transmission is still not high.And adopting the dual emission device of individual layer light removing layer, the amount of light of its first electrode is much larger than second electrode, makes the luminous imbalance in dual emission device both sides; Adopt the top ballistic device of individual layer light removing layer, visible light all band translucent effect is not good, for white light top ballistic device, is a serious technical bottleneck.
Therefore, at the prior art deficiency, the organic electroluminescence device that the good semitransparent electrode of a kind of light transmission is provided and has this semitransparent electrode is very necessary to overcome the prior art deficiency.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention provides a kind of semitransparent electrode, and the light transmission of this transparency electrode is good, is suitable as second electrode of OLED device.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention realizes by following technological means.
A kind of semitransparent electrode is provided with semi-transparent metal layer, the first smooth removing layer and the second smooth removing layer, and the described first smooth removing layer is stacked between described semi-transparent metal layer and the described second smooth removing layer.
Above-mentioned semi-transparent metal layer is prepared from by metal or metal alloy compositions;
Described metal material is gold, silver, aluminium or copper;
Described metal alloy compositions is magnesium silver alloy or lithium silver alloy.
The thickness of above-mentioned semi-transparent metal layer is set to 5-25nm.
The thickness of the above-mentioned first smooth removing layer is set to 5-80nm, and the thickness of the described second smooth removing layer is set to 5-80nm.
Preferably, the described first smooth removing layer is formed greater than 1.6 organic matter vaporization plating by refractive index;
The described second smooth removing layer is formed greater than 1.6 inorganic matter evaporation by refractive index.
Another is preferred, and the described first smooth removing layer is formed greater than 1.6 inorganic matter evaporation by refractive index;
The described second smooth removing layer is formed greater than 1.6 organic matter vaporization plating by refractive index.
Another is preferred, and the described first smooth removing layer, the described second smooth removing layer form greater than 1.6 inorganic matter evaporation by refractive index, and the described first smooth removing layer and the described second smooth removing layer are that the inorganic matter of different materials is prepared from; Perhaps
The described first smooth removing layer, the described second smooth removing layer form greater than 1.6 organic matter vaporization plating by refractive index, and the described first smooth removing layer and the described second smooth removing layer are that the organic substance of different materials is prepared from.
Further, above-mentioned organic substance is BCP, NPB, Meo-TPD or Alq3; Described inorganic matter is zinc oxide, zinc selenide, tin oxide, antimony oxide or zinc sulphide.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of organic electroluminescence device, and this organic electroluminescence device has the good characteristics of light transmission.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention realizes by following technological means:
A kind of organic electroluminescence device is provided, is provided with substrate, first electrode, organic function layer, it is characterized in that: also be provided with above-mentioned semitransparent electrode as second electrode;
Described substrate, first electrode, organic function layer, second electrode are folded successively according to order from bottom to top and are established.
Aforesaid substrate is set to glass substrate, silicon chip substrate, metal substrate, polyesters compound substrate or polyimide compound substrate;
The film of described first electrode for being prepared from by metal oxide, metal or conducting polymer, described metal oxide is tin indium oxide, zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide or gallium oxide zinc; Described metal is silver, aluminium or gold; Described conducting polymer is that conductivity is greater than 10 3The polymer of S/cm or the polymer of doping;
Described organic function layer comprises at least one luminescent layer, and luminescent layer can be launched the light of any wave band in visible region or can launch white light.Organic function layer can also comprise hole transmission layer and electron transfer layer, also can comprise hole injection layer, electron injecting layer, hole blocking layer, electronic barrier layer.
Semitransparent electrode of the present invention is provided with semi-transparent metal layer, the first smooth removing layer and the second smooth removing layer, and the described first smooth removing layer is stacked between described semi-transparent metal layer and the described second smooth removing layer.Semitransparent electrode of the present invention, by the structure of the first smooth removing layer and the second smooth removing layer is set in semi-transparent metal layer, can improve the light transmission of electrode, widen spectrum, make prepared organic electroluminescence device can widen spectrum, improve luminous efficiency.
Organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is provided with substrate, first electrode, organic function layer, also is provided with above-mentioned semitransparent electrode as second electrode; Described substrate, first electrode, organic function layer, second electrode are folded successively according to order from bottom to top and are established.This organic electroluminescence device is owing to be provided with semitransparent electrode as second electrode, and this semitransparent electrode has that light transmission is good, the characteristics of spectral width, so the spectral width of organic electroluminescence device, luminous efficiency height.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further illustrated to utilize accompanying drawing, but the content in the accompanying drawing does not constitute any limitation of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of semitransparent electrode of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of organic electroluminescence device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the transmissivity schematic diagram of four samples of the embodiment of the invention 6.
Fig. 4 is the luminance efficiency schematic diagram of two devices of the embodiment of the invention 7.
Fig. 5 is the light characteristic schematic diagram of two devices of the embodiment of the invention 7.
In Fig. 1, Fig. 2, comprising:
First electrode 100,
Organic function layer 200,
Second electrode 300,
Semi-transparent metal layer 310, the first smooth removing layer 320, the second smooth removing layer 330,
Substrate 400.
Embodiment
With the following Examples the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1.
A kind of semitransparent electrode as shown in Figure 1, is provided with semi-transparent metal layer 310, the first smooth removing layer 320 and second smooth removing layer 330, the first smooth removing layers 320 and is stacked between semi-transparent metal layer 310 and the second smooth removing layer 330.
Need to prove, common practise as the organic electroluminescence device field, the semi-transparent metal layer 310, the first smooth removing layer 320, the second smooth removing layer 330 that constitute semitransparent electrode are the membrane structures that are prepared from by evaporation or other modes, so be fixing the applying between adjacent each layer, this feature does not repeat them here.
Semi-transparent metal layer 310 is prepared from by metal or metal alloy compositions, and metal material can be gold, silver, aluminium or copper etc., and metal alloy compositions can be magnesium silver alloy or lithium silver alloy etc.
The thickness of semi-transparent metal layer 310 is set to 5-25nm.The thickness of the first smooth removing layer 320 is set to 5-80nm, and the thickness of the second smooth removing layer 330 is set to 5-80nm, has good light transmittance.
Wherein, the first smooth removing layer 320 is formed greater than 1.6 organic matter vaporization plating by refractive index, and the second smooth removing layer 330 is formed greater than 1.6 inorganic matter evaporation by refractive index.Organic substance is BCP, NPB, Meo-TPD or Alq3 etc., and inorganic matter is zinc oxide, zinc selenide, tin oxide, antimony oxide or zinc sulphide etc.
This semitransparent electrode owing in semi-transparent metal layer 310 the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330 are set, can improve the light transmission of electrode.Discover, can regulate light transmittance and adjust the max transmissive position by material and the thickness of the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330.
In addition, this semitransparent electrode, the first smooth removing layer 320 is organic thin film, the second smooth removing layer 330 is the inorganic matter film, organic thin film can improve the roughness of electrode surface, increases light scattering, further combined with inorganic smooth removing layer, can further improve the light transmission of electrode, performances such as the colourity of raising device and efficient.The transmissivity of individual layer light removing layer is lower than 40% in the prior art, and by technical scheme of the present invention, the transmissivity of this semitransparent electrode can reach 60-80%.
This semitransparent electrode is like this preparation, evaporation semi-transparent metal layer 310 on carrier, and the evaporation first smooth removing layer 320 on semi-transparent metal layer 310 again, the evaporation second smooth removing layer 330 gets final product on the first smooth removing layer 320 then.Carrier is organic function layer 200 normally.
This semitransparent thin film, employing arranges the structure of the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330 in semi-transparent metal layer 310, can improve the light transmission of electrode, widen spectrum, make prepared organic electroluminescence device can widen spectrum, improve luminous efficiency, and can regulate the max transmissive position by material and the thickness of the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330.
Embodiment 2.
A kind of semitransparent electrode, other structures are identical with embodiment 1, and difference is: the first smooth removing layer 320 is formed greater than 1.6 inorganic matter evaporation by refractive index, and the second smooth removing layer 330 is formed greater than 1.6 organic matter vaporization plating by refractive index.Organic substance is BCP, NPB, Meo-TPD or Alq3 etc., and inorganic matter is zinc oxide, zinc selenide, tin oxide, antimony oxide or zinc sulphide etc.
This semitransparent thin film, employing arranges the structure of the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330 in semi-transparent metal layer 310, can improve the light transmission of electrode, widen spectrum, make prepared organic electroluminescence device can widen spectrum, improve luminous efficiency, and can regulate the max transmissive position by material and the thickness of the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330.
Embodiment 3.
A kind of semitransparent electrode, other structures are identical with embodiment 1, difference is: the first smooth removing layer 320, the described second smooth removing layer 330 form greater than 1.6 inorganic matter evaporation by refractive index, and the described first smooth removing layer 320 and the described second smooth removing layer 330 are prepared from for the inorganic matter of different materials.Inorganic matter is zinc oxide, zinc selenide, tin oxide, antimony oxide or zinc sulphide etc.
This semitransparent thin film, employing arranges the structure of the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330 in semi-transparent metal layer 310, can improve the light transmission of electrode, widen spectrum, make prepared organic electroluminescence device can widen spectrum, improve luminous efficiency, and can regulate the max transmissive position by material and the thickness of the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330.
Embodiment 4.
A kind of semitransparent electrode, other structures are identical with embodiment 1, difference is: the first smooth removing layer 320, the described second smooth removing layer 330 form greater than 1.6 organic matter vaporization plating by refractive index, and the described first smooth removing layer 320 and the described second smooth removing layer 330 are prepared from for the organic substance of different materials.Organic substance is BCP, NPB, Meo-TPD or Alq3 etc.
This semitransparent thin film, employing arranges the structure of the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330 in semi-transparent metal layer 310, can improve the light transmission of electrode, widen spectrum, make prepared organic electroluminescence device can widen spectrum, improve luminous efficiency, and can regulate the max transmissive position by material and the thickness of the first smooth removing layer 320 and the second smooth removing layer 330.
Embodiment 5.
A kind of organic electroluminescence device as shown in Figure 2, is provided with substrate 400, first electrode 100, organic function layer 200, also is provided with as any one semitransparent electrode among the embodiment 1 to 4 as second electrode 300.Substrate 400, first electrode 100, organic function layer 200, second electrode 300 are folded successively according to order from bottom to top and are established.This organic electroluminescence device is owing to be provided with semitransparent electrode as second electrode 300, and this semitransparent electrode has that light transmission is good, the characteristics of spectral width, so the spectral width of organic electroluminescence device, luminous efficiency height.
Embodiment 6.
Further semitransparent electrode of the present invention and transmissivity are tested below in conjunction with the detailed experiments example.
At first employed material is described:
Ag: silver;
NPB:N, N '-two (naphthalene-1-yl)-N, N ' diphenyl-benzidine;
ZnSe: zinc selenide;
TAPC: two [4-(N, N-xylyl-amino) phenyl] cyclohexane;
TCTA:4,4', 4 " three (carbazole-9-... .) triphenylamine;
(MPPZ) 2Ir (acac): pyrimidine complex of iridium two (2-phenyl pyrimidine) acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione iridium;
Firpic: two (3,5-, two fluoro-2-(2-pyridine radicals) phenyl-(2-carboxyl pyridine) iridium
TPBi:1,3, the 5-three (benzene of 1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazolyl-2 radicals-yl).
At identical carrier difference evaporation second electrode, make four samples.Wherein, second electrode of sample 1 only is made of the silver-colored film of 20nm; Second electrode of sample 2 is made of silver-colored film and the 60nm NPB of 20nm; Second electrode of sample 3 is made of the ZnSe of silver-colored film, 10nm NPB and the 60nm of 20nm; Second electrode of sample 4 is made of the ZnSe of silver-colored film, 40nm NPB and the 20nm of 20nm.
Four prepared second electrodes are tested, and the result as shown in Figure 3.From Fig. 3 as seen, sample one is 30% to the maximum in the transmissivity of wave band 450nm-650nm commonly used, and along with wavelength increases, transmissivity reduces gradually.Sample two is monochromatic light layer taking-up technology of the prior art, and its light transmission is improved largely than sample one, and maximum transmission rate reaches 50%.Sample three is light taking-up technology of the present invention, and maximum transmission rate has risen to 65% as can be seen, and transmission range is than sample two broadening to some extent.Sample four is light taking-up technology of the present invention, by changing two-layer removing layer thickness separately, can regulate transmissivity and transmission range as can be seen.
As seen, semitransparent electrode of the present invention can improve the light transmission of electrode, and can widen spectrum, make prepared organic electroluminescence device can widen spectrum, improve luminous efficiency, and can regulate the max transmissive position by material and the thickness of the first smooth removing layer and the second smooth removing layer.
Embodiment 7.
Adopt with embodiment 6 identical materials and prepare the top emission type organic electroluminescence device.
Top emission type structure devices one adopts following method preparation:
1. prepare the thick Ag film of 150nm as anode at substrate;
2. prepare the TAPC of 40nm as hole transmission layer at anode again;
3. 3% (MPPZ) that be doped with for preparing 5nm thickness at above-mentioned hole transmission layer 2The TCTA film of Ir (acac) is as blu-ray layer;
4. prepare the TCTA film of 10nm thickness, doping 20% Firpic as the gold-tinted layer in above-mentioned blu-ray layer;
5. prepare the TPBi film of 50nm thickness as electron transfer layer at above-mentioned gold-tinted layer;
6. prepare the silver-colored film of 20nm thickness as the semi-transparent metal layer of second electrode at above-mentioned electron transfer layer;
On above-mentioned semi-transparent metal layer the NPB film of evaporation 10nm thickness as the first smooth removing layer;
On the above-mentioned first smooth removing layer ZnSe of evaporation 60nm thickness as the second smooth removing layer.
With B:C(x, y%) one deck in the expression structure, it makes material is B, and the C material that mixed, and ratio is y%, and the thickness of this layer is x (dust).
Prepared device one structure is:
Ag(150nm)?/TAPC(40nm)?/?TCTA:(MPPZ) 2Ir(acac)(5nm,3%)/TCTA:Firpic(10nm,20%)/TPBi(50nm)?/?Ag(20nm)/NPB(10nm)/ZnSe(60nm)。
For the ease of contrast, adopt same technology to prepare the top emission type organic electroluminescence device two of individual layer light removing layer structure in the prior art, the structure of prepared device two is:
Ag(150nm)?/TAPC(40nm)?/?TCTA:(MPPZ) 2Ir(acac)(5nm,3%)/TCTA:Firpic(10nm,20%)/TPBi(50nm)/?Ag(20nm)/NPB(10nm)。
The performance of device one and device two is tested, result such as Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, from Fig. 4, Fig. 5 as can be seen: emission structure at top two utilizes traditional light removing layer, because transmissivity is lower, so the spectrum of device is narrower, do not realize the luminescent spectrum of original material, simultaneously because the transmission restriction causes the efficient of device to hang down every watt of 28 lumen.The transparency electrode that emission structure at top one adopts the two-layer smooth removing layer of the present invention to form, the luminescent spectrum of device increases, and the efficient of device also increases substantially every watt of 43 lumen.
Organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is owing to be provided with semitransparent electrode as second electrode, and this semitransparent electrode has that light transmission is good, the characteristics of spectral width, so the spectral width of organic electroluminescence device, characteristics that luminous efficiency is high.The transmissivity of individual layer light removing layer is lower than 40% in the prior art, and the transmissivity by technical scheme semitransparent electrode of the present invention can reach 60-80%.
The present invention increases two-layer smooth removing layer at traditional semitransparent electrode, and two-layer light takes out material and is respectively refractive index greater than 1.6 organic substance and inorganic matter.Organic thin film can improve the roughness of electrode surface, increases light scattering, further combined with inorganic smooth removing layer, can further improve the light transmission of electrode, performances such as the colourity of raising device and efficient.And by two-layer removing layer thickness adjusting, can regulate the max transmissive position, and this kind transparency electrode is applicable to the monochromatic and white light OLED device of red, green, blue, the scope of application is wide.
Should be noted that at last; above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention but not limiting the scope of the invention; although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention has been done detailed description; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not break away from essence and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. semitransparent electrode, it is characterized in that: be provided with semi-transparent metal layer, the first smooth removing layer and the second smooth removing layer, the described first smooth removing layer is stacked between described semi-transparent metal layer and the described second smooth removing layer.
2. semitransparent electrode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described semi-transparent metal layer is prepared from by metal or metal alloy compositions;
Described metal material is gold, silver, aluminium or copper;
Described metal alloy compositions is magnesium silver alloy or lithium silver alloy.
3. semitransparent electrode according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the thickness of described semi-transparent metal layer is set to 5-25nm.
4. semitransparent electrode according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The thickness of the described first smooth removing layer is set to 5-80nm, and the thickness of the described second smooth removing layer is set to 5-80nm.
5. semitransparent electrode according to claim 4 is characterized in that:
The described first smooth removing layer is formed greater than 1.6 organic matter vaporization plating by refractive index;
The described second smooth removing layer is formed greater than 1.6 inorganic matter evaporation by refractive index.
6. semitransparent electrode according to claim 4 is characterized in that:
The described first smooth removing layer is formed greater than 1.6 inorganic matter evaporation by refractive index;
The described second smooth removing layer is formed greater than 1.6 organic matter vaporization plating by refractive index.
7. semitransparent electrode according to claim 4 is characterized in that:
The described first smooth removing layer, the described second smooth removing layer form greater than 1.6 inorganic matter evaporation by refractive index, and the described first smooth removing layer and the described second smooth removing layer are that the inorganic matter of different materials is prepared from; Perhaps
The described first smooth removing layer, the described second smooth removing layer form greater than 1.6 organic matter vaporization plating by refractive index, and the described first smooth removing layer and the described second smooth removing layer are that the organic substance of different materials is prepared from.
8. according to claim 5 or 6 or 7 described semitransparent electrodes, it is characterized in that:
Described organic substance is BCP, NPB, Meo-TPD or Alq3; Described inorganic matter is zinc oxide, zinc selenide, tin oxide, antimony oxide or zinc sulphide.
9. an organic electroluminescence device is provided with substrate, first electrode, organic function layer, it is characterized in that: also be provided with as any described semitransparent electrode of claim 1 to 8 as second electrode;
Described substrate, first electrode, organic function layer, second electrode are folded successively according to order from bottom to top and are established.
10. organic electroluminescence device according to claim 9 is characterized in that:
Described substrate is set to glass substrate, silicon chip substrate, metal substrate, polyesters compound substrate or polyimide compound substrate;
The film of described first electrode for being prepared from by metal oxide, metal or conducting polymer, described metal oxide is tin indium oxide, zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide or gallium oxide zinc; Described metal is silver, aluminium or gold; Described conducting polymer is that conductivity is greater than 10 3The polymer of S/cm or the polymer of doping;
Described organic function layer comprises at least one luminescent layer.
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CN105702876A (en) * 2016-01-26 2016-06-22 昆山工研院新型平板显示技术中心有限公司 A top-emission organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device and a manufacturing method thereof
CN106847365A (en) * 2016-12-25 2017-06-13 董晓 A kind of preparation method of the modified zinc sulphide conductive material of tin indium oxide
CN108847447A (en) * 2018-07-12 2018-11-20 长春海谱润斯科技有限公司 A kind of top-emission organic electroluminescence device
CN108847447B (en) * 2018-07-12 2022-09-09 长春海谱润斯科技股份有限公司 Top-emitting organic electroluminescent device
CN109192857A (en) * 2018-08-15 2019-01-11 长春海谱润斯科技有限公司 A kind of organic electroluminescence device
CN111261872A (en) * 2020-01-21 2020-06-09 天津大学 Organic electrode material and preparation method and application thereof

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