CN103346146A - Nanometer power source based on carbon nanomaterial friction effect, preparation method of nanometer power source and application of nanometer power source - Google Patents
Nanometer power source based on carbon nanomaterial friction effect, preparation method of nanometer power source and application of nanometer power source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a nanometer power source based on the carbon nanomaterial friction effect, a preparation method of the nanometer power source and the application of the nanometer power source. According to the nanometer power source based on the carbon nanomaterial friction effect, the preparation method of the nanometer power source and the application of the nanometer power source, the plane of a carbon atom is deformed through the friction of carbon nanomaterials, the energy band structure of the plane of the carbon atom is changed, charge adsorption capacity and charge conduction capacity of the carbon nanomaterials in an electrolyte are improved, and currents and voltage are output when the plane of the carbon atom is connected with a conducting electrode to form a circuit. The nanometer power source based on the carbon nanomaterial friction effect comprises a working electrode, a counter electrode and a conducting medium, wherein the working electrode is a carbon / conducting material composite electrode, and the carbon / conducting material composite electrode comprises a carbon nanomaterial layer and a conducting material layer. The nanometer power source based on the carbon nanomaterial friction effect is more stable in structure, longer in service life and higher in energy conversion density and can be applied to the fields such as energy, information, micro-nano devices, machinery, and biomedicine.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of nanometer technology, be specifically related to a kind of nanometer power supply, preparation method and use based on the carbon nanomaterial friction effect.
Background technology
Along with the progress and development of new century science and technology, nanosecond science and technology progress into people's eyeball, and it obtains many breakthroughs in fields such as microelectronics, material science, chemistry, biomedicine, the energy.A large amount of novel nano devices are being developed each field that is applied to, as biomedicine, electronic information etc.Nanometer product affects daily life just subtlely, has unprecedented prospect.
Nano-device is important research and the application of nanosecond science and technology, and the nanometer power supply is a kind of important nano-device.The nanometer power supply is because characteristics such as its volume is little, energy conversion efficiency height all have important application in fields such as modern industry, military affairs and healths.For example, by activated nano power supplys such as blood flow, vessel retraction, can be cardiac pacemaker energy is provided; The insulin pump that can be in the implant into body by heartbeat activated nano power supply provides electric energy; Click the mouse by finger, can be bluetooth transmitters energy is provided; By stroll, can be hand-hold electronic equipments such as mobile phone, MP3 electric power is provided.Meanwhile, the energy that the nanometer power supply produces can be stored in the capacitor, can realize regular driving sensor, emission wireless signal etc.
In recent years, make a breakthrough about the nanometer Research of Power.The nanometer power supply can be divided into piezoelectric type nanometer power supply and friction-type nanometer power supply two classes by operation principle.Wherein, friction-type nanometer power supply is that a class is based on the nanometer power-supply system of triboelectrification in flexible nano thin-film strain and the recovery process.For example, U.S. Zhonglin Wang seminar adopts flexible polymer nano thin-film PETG (PET) and dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS) respectively as the two poles of the earth of nanometer power supply, utilize the phase mutual friction in the strain path to produce electric charge, and realizing electric charge in the separation of electrode interface, mechanical energy is transformed into electric energy the most at last.The Zhang Haixia seminar of Peking University with aluminium foil (Al) and dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS) little-nano compound structure introduces the nanometer power supply, a kind of " sandwich " structure has been proposed, improved effective friction area, make power supply under the effect of single external force, can realize twice effectively friction (i.e. twice friction separates with twice), realize having the nanometer power supply of times yupin effect, improved output power density.For verifying it in bio-medical applications, they have successfully driven retina neural prosthese pinpoint array with the nanometer power supply in phosphate buffered (PBS) solution, and electric current reaches 88 μ A.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of structure is more stable, longer service life, power conversion density are higher, based on nanometer power supply, its preparation method and the use of carbon nanomaterial.
Carbon nanomaterial refers to that the decentralized photo yardstick has one dimension at least less than the material with carbon element of 100nm, mainly comprises fullerene, carbon nano-tube, carbon nano-fiber, Graphene etc.The research of carbon nanometer technology is quite active, studies show that more and more carbon nanomaterial has performances such as extremely excellent physics, chemistry, mechanics, so the present invention introduces the nanometer power electrode with carbon nanomaterial, obtains a kind of brand-new nanometer power supply.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
One, based on the nanometer power supply of carbon nanomaterial, comprise work electrode, to electrode and conducting medium, described work electrode is carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode, carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode comprises carbon nanomaterial layer and conductive material layer.
Above-mentioned carbon nanomaterial layer thickness is no more than 200 μ m.
Above-mentioned carbon nanomaterial is the nitrogen dopant material of Graphene, carbon nano-tube, carbon nano-fiber, fullerene or carbon.
Above-mentioned conductive material layer is metal material layer, alloy material layer or other conductive material layers.
Above-mentionedly also can be carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode to electrode.
Above-mentioned conducting medium is electrolyte solution or solid electrolyte.
Two, a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned nanometer power supply based on carbon nanomaterial comprises step:
The preparation carbon nanomaterial;
Carbon nanomaterial shifted or be coated to obtain carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode on the electrically-conductive backing plate;
Be work electrode with carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode, place conducting medium with work electrode with to electrode, and be communicated with work electrode and to electrode.
The another kind of preparation method of above-mentioned nanometer power supply based on carbon nanomaterial comprises step:
Obtain carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode at electrically-conductive backing plate growth carbon nanomaterial layer;
Be work electrode with carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode, place conducting medium with work electrode with to electrode, and be communicated with work electrode and to electrode.
Three, the using method of above-mentioned nanometer power supply based on carbon nanomaterial is characterized in: by accelerating in the conducting medium electrolyte ion movement rate with the activated nano power supply.
The electrolyte ion movement rate specifically can adopt following method in the above-mentioned quickening conducting medium:
Conducting medium is carried out ultrasonic vibration, conducting medium is stirred, conducting medium is heated or makes conducting medium generation chemical reaction.
The present invention is electrode with the carbon nanomaterial, a kind of brand-new nanometer power work principle has been proposed: with carbon nanomaterial by shifting, applying or grow on the electrically-conductive backing plate, place conducting medium jointly with another conductive electrode then, the electrolyte ion movement rate makes the carbon nanomaterial on electrolyte ion and the electrically-conductive backing plate produce friction in the conducting medium by accelerating.In the friction process, the atomic plane of carbon nanomaterial can produce deformation and distortion, and causes that its band structure changes, thereby carbon nanomaterial adsorption capacity to electric charge in conducting medium is improved.When connecting conductive electrode formation loop, with output current and voltage.
A plurality of independently carbon-based nano power supplys are constituted power pack by mode in parallel or series connection, can further improve output current and the voltage of nanometer power supply, can reach output voltage in that mV～the V interval is adjustable, output current is in that μ A～the mA interval is adjustable.
Carbon-based nano power supply of the present invention can be used for fields such as the energy, information, micro-nano device, machinery, biomedicine.Concrete use as follows: be cell-phone charging by running activated nano power supply; Provide energy by finger tapping keyboard activating power for bluetooth transmitters; By activated nano power supplys such as blood flow, vessel retraction, for cardiac pacemaker provides energy.
Compare with existing nanometer power supply, nanometer power supply of the present invention has following characteristics:
1) extremely pliable and tough owing to connecting between the carbon atom of carbon nanomaterial, when the carbon atom face deforms, external force need not be rearranged to adapt to, thereby the stability of carbon nanomaterial self structure can be guaranteed.
2) carbon nanomaterial has very high electron mobility, high-specific surface area and high elastic modulus, can effectively derive the electric charge of absorption, therefore, based on the nanometer power supply of carbon nanomaterial have long service life, energy transforms excellent properties such as density height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the experimental provision schematic diagram of nanometer power supply in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photo of embodiment 2 Graphenes;
Fig. 3 is the Raman spectrogram (Raman) of the carbon nano-tube of embodiment 3;
Fig. 4 is nanometer supply voltage and the electric current curve of output of embodiment 4;
Fig. 5 is the theoretical result of calculation of nitrogen-doped carbon nano material Fermi energy of embodiment 5;
Fig. 6 is that the nanometer power supply is with the schematic diagram of parallel way combination.
Embodiment
Describe the concrete implementation step of the inventive method below in detail:
The preparation of carbon nanomaterial belongs to the known technology in this area, specifically can adopt chemical vapour deposition technique, chemical stripping method, arc discharge method, mechanical stripping method, epitaxial growth method, flame method wait to prepare carbon nanomaterial (referring to document: Zhu Hongwei etc. Graphene-structure, preparation method and performance characterization [M]. publishing house of Tsing-Hua University, 2011).Carbon nanomaterial comprises the nitrogen dopant material of Graphene, carbon nano-tube, carbon nano-fiber, fullerene or carbon.
Carbon nanomaterial is shifted, applies or grow to electrically-conductive backing plate and obtain carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode, specifically can adopt chemical transfer method, spin coating method or growth in situ method respectively carbon nanomaterial to be shifted, applies or grow to electrically-conductive backing plate (referring to document: Bae S K, et al.Nature Nanotechnology, 2010,5,574-578; Shuping Pang, et al.Adv.Mater.2011,23,2779 – 2795).Electrically-conductive backing plate can be 1. conducting metal such as gold, silver, copper substrate, 2. electrical conductivity alloy such as gold, silver, copper substrate or 3. other conducting material substrate.
For fear of the excessive nanometer source power loss that causes of electrode internal resistance, the carbon nanomaterial layer thickness is no more than 200 μ m on carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode.
Be work electrode with carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode, immerse electrolyte solution or insert solid electrolyte with work electrode with to electrode, and the employing lead connects work electrode and to electrode, the nanometer power supply that namely obtains the present invention is based on carbon nanomaterial (abbreviates as: the carbon-based nano power supply).Can be conducting metal or carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode to electrode.The concentration of electrolyte solutions that adopts in this concrete enforcement is 0-10mol/L.
Accelerate electrolyte ion movement rate in the conducting medium by physics, chemistry or mechanical means, produce friction so between electrolyte ion and the carbon nanomaterial atomic plane, make carbon nanomaterial generation deformation and distortion.In the conducting medium environment, the absorption of the carbon nanomaterial under the Frotteurism and conduct charges ability obviously strengthen, thus exportable electric current and voltage.The electrolyte ion movement rate specifically can adopt methods such as ultrasonic vibration, stirring, heating, chemical reaction in the quickening conducting medium.
A plurality of independently carbon-based nano power supplys can be constituted power pack by mode in parallel or series connection, can further improve output current and the voltage of nanometer power supply, can reach output voltage in that mV～the V interval is adjustable, output current is in that μ A～the mA interval is adjustable.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further elaborated, but does not limit protection range of the present invention.
Adopt the mechanical stripping legal system to be equipped with the Graphene lamella, concrete preparation technology is referring to document: Novoselov K S, et al.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2005,102,10451-10453.With Graphene lamella ultrasonic suspension-turbid liquid that is separated in isopropyl alcohol, suspension-turbid liquid is coated on the foamed nickel substrate, in 100 ℃ of oven dry; Repetitive coatings is also dried 3 times, makes Graphene/nickel foam combination electrode.Being work electrode with Graphene/nickel foam combination electrode, is to electrode with platinized platinum, with work electrode with electrode is immersed in the NaOH solution of concentration 0.2mol/L, sees Fig. 1.Stir NaOH solution by magneton, rotating speed is 2000 rev/mins, utilizes electrochemical workstation to measure output current, obtains the output current about 12 μ A.
Adopt chemical vapour deposition technique directly to obtain Graphene/copper combination electrode at copper base growth Graphene lamella, concrete preparation technology is referring to document: X.S.Li, et al.Science, 2009,324,1312-1314.Being work electrode with Graphene/copper combination electrode, is to electrode with the copper platinized platinum, with work electrode with electrode is immersed in the NaOH solution of concentration 0.1mol/L, sees Fig. 1.Stir NaOH solution by magneton, rotating speed is 1000 rev/mins, utilizes electrochemical workstation to measure output current, can obtain the output current about 8 μ A.Fig. 2 is scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pattern of present embodiment Graphene.
Adopt flame method to prepare carbon nano-tube, concrete preparation technology is referring to document: Qi Xiang etc., China YouSe Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2011,21,2119-2125.Adopt chemical transfer method that carbon nano-tube is transferred to goldleaf, obtain carbon nano-tube/golden combination electrode, work electrode and electrode all adopted carbon nano-tube/golden combination electrode, immerse respectively in two beakers with work electrode with to electrode, the NaOH solution of concentration 1.0mol/L all is housed in two beakers, and two beakers link to each other by salt bridge.One of them beaker is put into the sonic oscillation instrument carry out ultrasonic processing, supersonic frequency is 2000kHz, measures the output current between two electrodes, can obtain the output current of 20 μ A.Fig. 3 is the Raman spectrum of present embodiment carbon nano-tube.
Adopt electrostatic spinning to prepare carbon nano-fiber, concrete preparation technology is referring to document: Ramakrishna S, et al.World Scientific Pub.Co.Inc, 2005,26-30.By chemical transfer method carbon nano-fiber is transferred on the macromolecule conducting material (as, the polypyrrole macromolecular compound after the doping), obtains work electrode.Work electrode and platinized platinum are immersed in the KCl solution of concentration 0.5mol/L, heating electrolyte solution to 80 ℃ can produce the output current of 6 μ A and the output voltage of 4mV.Fig. 4 is output voltage and the current measurement result of present embodiment nanometer power supply.
Embodiment 5
Adopt oxidation-reduction method to prepare the nitrogen-doped carbon nano material, concrete preparation technology is referring to document: Ci L, et al.Nature Materials, 2010,9,430-435.Nitrogen-doped carbon nano material and Kynoar, dimethylacetylamide be ground to evenly obtain lapping liquid, lapping liquid is coated on the nickel foam, in 300 ℃ of oven dry; Repetitive coatings is also dried 5～6 times, obtains nitrogen-doped carbon nano material/nickel foam combination electrode.Combination electrode and platinum electrode are put into 100mL water jointly, in water, add sodium metal, along with the vigorous reaction of sodium metal and water, water temperature rises, and charged ion quantity increases, and the electrolyte ion movement rate speeds, the voltage of measuring between two electrodes is output as 8mV, and electric current is output as 20 μ A.Fig. 5 is the theoretical result of calculation of present embodiment nitrogen-doped carbon nano material Fermi energy, and as can be seen from the figure, when electrolyte ion movement rate in the electrolyte solution increased, the Fermi surface of carbon nanomaterial changed, and band structure has realized adjustable.
Embodiment 6
The parallel connection of a plurality of independent carbon-based nano power supplys
Adopt arc process to prepare fullerene, concrete preparation technology is referring to document: Haufler R E, et al.J Phys Chem, 1990,94,86342-8636.Fullerene evenly is coated on after the ultrasonic dispersion in isopropyl alcohol on the copper electrically-conductive backing plate, 100 ℃ dry fullerene/copper combination electrode; Fullerene/copper combination electrode, solid electrolyte, platinum electrode are closely arranged successively, seen Fig. 6, connect electrochemical workstation behind the extraction electrode line, the solid electrolyte that adopts is oxygen ion conductor.This device is placed ultrasonator, and in vibration, electrochemical workstation is observed the device output current is increased to the nanometer power pack by 20 μ A of single nanometer power supply 100 μ A.
Claims (10)
1. based on the nanometer power supply of carbon nanomaterial, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Work electrode, to electrode and conducting medium, described work electrode is carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode, carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode comprises carbon nanomaterial layer and conductive material layer.
2. the nanometer power supply based on carbon nanomaterial as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described carbon nanomaterial layer thickness is no more than 200 μ m.
3. the nanometer power supply based on carbon nanomaterial as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described carbon nanomaterial is the nitrogen dopant material of Graphene, carbon nano-tube, carbon nano-fiber, fullerene or carbon.
4. the nanometer power supply based on carbon nanomaterial as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described conductive material layer is metal material layer or alloy material layer.
5. the nanometer power supply based on carbon nanomaterial as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described is carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode to electrode.
6. the nanometer power supply based on carbon nanomaterial as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described conducting medium is electrolyte solution or solid electrolyte.
7. the preparation method of the nanometer power supply based on carbon nanomaterial as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises step:
The preparation carbon nanomaterial;
Carbon nanomaterial shifted or be coated to obtain carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode on the electrically-conductive backing plate;
Be work electrode with carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode, place conducting medium with work electrode with to electrode, and be communicated with work electrode and to electrode.
8. the preparation method of the nanometer power supply based on carbon nanomaterial as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises step:
Obtain carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode at electrically-conductive backing plate growth carbon nanomaterial layer;
Be work electrode with carbon/electric conducting material combination electrode, place conducting medium with work electrode with to electrode, and be communicated with work electrode and to electrode.
9. the using method of the nanometer power supply based on carbon nanomaterial as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
By accelerating in the conducting medium electrolyte ion movement rate with the activated nano power supply.
10. the using method of the nanometer power supply based on carbon nanomaterial as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that:
The method of electrolyte ion movement rate comprises conducting medium is carried out ultrasonic vibration, conducting medium is stirred, conducting medium is heated or makes conducting medium generation chemical reaction in the described quickening conducting medium.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310308403.8A CN103346146B (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2013-07-22 | Nanometer power supply, preparation method and use based on carbon nanomaterial friction effect |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107658149A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-02-02 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of composite electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method thereof |
| CN107898439A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-04-13 | 戴玉国 | A kind of implanted diabetes monitoring and therapeutic system |
| CN108039836A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-15 | 西安华泰博源质量检测有限公司 | A kind of device and method that useless vibrational energy capture is carried out using electric double layer |
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| US20100036450A1 (en) * | 2007-06-17 | 2010-02-11 | Physical Logic Ag | Carbon Nano-tube Power Cell |
| CN102800802A (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2012-11-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Environmental energy conversion device |
| CN203043555U (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-07-10 | 纳米新能源（唐山）有限责任公司 | Toy for children |
| CN103236805A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-08-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | Environmental energy conversion device |
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| US20100036450A1 (en) * | 2007-06-17 | 2010-02-11 | Physical Logic Ag | Carbon Nano-tube Power Cell |
| CN102800802A (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2012-11-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Environmental energy conversion device |
| CN203043555U (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-07-10 | 纳米新能源（唐山）有限责任公司 | Toy for children |
| CN103236805A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-08-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | Environmental energy conversion device |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107658149A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-02-02 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of composite electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method thereof |
| CN107658149B (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-29 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of composite electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method thereof |
| CN107898439A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-04-13 | 戴玉国 | A kind of implanted diabetes monitoring and therapeutic system |
| CN108039836A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-15 | 西安华泰博源质量检测有限公司 | A kind of device and method that useless vibrational energy capture is carried out using electric double layer |
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| CN103346146B (en) | 2016-05-11 |
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