CN102800802A - Environmental energy conversion device - Google Patents
Environmental energy conversion device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102800802A CN102800802A CN2012102527119A CN201210252711A CN102800802A CN 102800802 A CN102800802 A CN 102800802A CN 2012102527119 A CN2012102527119 A CN 2012102527119A CN 201210252711 A CN201210252711 A CN 201210252711A CN 102800802 A CN102800802 A CN 102800802A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environmental energy conversion device which comprises an energy conversion unit, wherein the energy conversion unit comprises a positive pole, a negative pole and an intermediate; the intermediate is made of a semiconductor and is clamped between the positive pole and the negative pole, and two sides of the intermediate are respectively contacted with the positive pole and the negative pole; and the positive pole and the negative pole have asymmetry. The asymmetry of the positive pole and the negative pole refers to that the materials of the positive and negative poles have different work functions or different surface modification or different geometric structures; and the energy conversion unit can be connected in parallel and in series to form a whole environmental energy conversion device. The surface effect of the semiconductor is utilized, so that the environmental heat energy is continuously converted into electric energy in an environment, such as gas, liquid, gel or plasma, contacted with the semiconductor, particularly in solution, and a cooling effect is achieved. The environmental energy conversion device can be used for power generation and refrigeration, provides energy and refrigeration for various building constructions, transport equipment or electronic equipment, and can be used for concentration, temperature and flow velocity detection devices.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the environmental energy converting apparatus of new principle.
Background technology
Conversion of energy and memory technology comprise that solar energy, heat, vibration, chemistry and wind energy etc. are converted into electric energy.In these numerous Conversion of energy technology, lithium battery, ultracapacitor, solar cell, fuel cell and zinc-oxide nano generator have received the most widely and having paid close attention to.Yet lithium battery, ultracapacitor will use charging to use, and for energization density, need big volume and weight.Solar cell needs the situation of illumination and could use; Fuel cell is wanted consume fuel and environment is caused very big harm; The zinc-oxide nano generator has produced discontinuous electricity output, needs to use electric capacity to store the electricity of its generation, and consumes mechanical energy.Yet; Another kind of form of energy is arranged; The energy of molecule, atom, ion, particle warm-up movement, such as the heat movement speed of gas molecule up to 1000 m/s, in the aqueous solution under the room temperature energy of ion warm-up movement up to 300 m/s; Because this motion is rambling, does not see yet that up to the present the Conversion of energy with this warm-up movement is the report of electric energy.
As everyone knows, the solid surface and interface has many abundant physics, chemistry, biology and engineering properties.No matter be body material or nano level film, the surface that is exposed to environment is all arranged, can produce the environmental induction skin effect, produce novel physics and dynamo-electric photo-thermal effect.Especially; When the thickness of semiconductive thin film little during to nano thickness; The composition of surface and interface accounts for the overall ratio of film and enlarges markedly, and preponderates with the character of surface and interface, significantly strengthens such as the catalytic performance of nanoscale material; In medicine was synthetic, enzymatic activity can significantly strengthen through adding nanoparticle.On the other hand, we find that when the device that uses semiconductor fabrication was positioned in the electrolyte solution, this system can spontaneous generation.When the thickness of semiconductive thin film is reduced to nano thickness; On the dimension less than 100 nanometers; After the semiconductive thin film that vacuum or solwution method are handled is prepared on the substrates such as glass, pottery, plastics, rubber; The film two ends are utilized the regulation and control of asymmetric electrode, be positioned over ready-made device in the electrolyte salt solution after, device can the lasting electricity output of spontaneous generation.This discovery is the semiconductor self-charging device that has utilized the generating of environment heat, but not chemical reaction class device, is the research direction of a prediction of green energy resource science and technology field developing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of semiconductor device that environment thermal energy is converted into electric energy.
Technical scheme provided by the present invention is:
The environmental energy reforming unit comprises the Conversion of energy unit.The Conversion of energy unit comprises: positive pole, negative pole, intermediate and intermediary's medium.Intermediate is processed by semiconductor, is clipped between positive pole and the negative pole, and both sides are connected with anodal, negative pole respectively.Anodal and negative pole has asymmetry.
The semi-conducting material of intermediate can be doping type Graphene or doping type diamond thin or conventional inorganic semiconductor or organic semiconductor.Conventional inorganic semiconductor comprises chalcogen compound, nitride, phosphide, the arsenide of IIIA-VA family, II-VI family, IVA-VIA family and transition metal or rare earth metal; For example, silicon, germanium, GaAs, gallium nitride, zinc oxide, zinc sulphide, titanium oxide, cupric oxide or copper sulfide.Organic semiconductor, for example: P3HT (gathering 3 basic thiophene) and PEDOT (3,4-enedioxy thiophene).Intermediate can be body material or film.The body material is the material with three-dimensional macro structure.Film is a kind of two-dimensional material, and thickness direction is micron and nanometer scale.The intermediate of film like also can be fixed on the substrate liner plate through the mode of stickup, plated film, and the substrate liner plate is body material or the film of being processed by insulating material.
Anodal and negative pole has asymmetry and comprises three kinds of situations:
First kind of situation is that positive pole and negative pole are processed by the material with different work functions.Anodal work function WP, the work function WN of negative pole, the work function WX of intermediate meet the following conditions: WP＞WX >=WN.Wherein, the work function of positive pole, negative pole and intermediate is meant the work function of positive pole, negative pole and intermediate material.Wherein, can be palladium, gold, carbon, platinum, selenium, cobalt, beryllium, silicon, graphite etc. or inorganic/organic conductive solid as the material of the high work function of positive pole, perhaps contain two kinds of previous materials, the electric conducting material of multiple mixture.Material as the low work function of negative pole can be silver, aluminium, caesium, copper, lithium, lead, tin, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, titanium, cadmium, calcium, iron, magnesium, mercury, niobium, potassium, sodium, uranium, zinc etc. or inorganic/organic conductive solid, perhaps contains two kinds of previous materials, the electric conducting material of multiple mixture.
Second kind of situation is that positive pole and negative pole adopt the surface molecular with different chain length or different structure that it is carried out finishing.Wherein, decorating molecule is PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PVA (polyvinyl acetate) or sulfydryl thio-alcohol organic molecule etc.The finishing of surface molecular is meant group of molecules is loaded on electrode surface, can through immerse the solution self assembly, drip be coated with, spin coating or Vacuum Coating method realize.But the surface molecular of different chain length or different structure is meant the molecule that the chain structure of structures such as having identical alkane, alcohol, ether, aromatic rings different numbers constitutes, refer to perhaps that structures such as different alkane, alcohol, ether, aromatic rings constitute but chain length identical be the identical molecule of carbon atom number on the main chain.Comprise: have only positive pole to do finishing, perhaps have only negative pole to do the situation of finishing.
The third situation is anodal and negative pole has the different geometric structure.Anodal and negative pole at the intermediate two ends, all around or labyrinth structure such as interdigital, finger, it is satisfied condition: just having and the contact area of intermediate contact area less than negative pole and intermediate.
Above-mentioned three kinds of situations that anodal and negative pole has asymmetry can be used in combination.Such as: anodal and negative pole is processed by the material with different work functions, simultaneously, adopts the surface molecular with different chain length or different structure that it is carried out finishing at anodal and negative pole; Perhaps, anodal and negative pole is processed by the material with different work functions, and simultaneously, anodal and negative pole has the different geometric structure; Perhaps, anodal and negative pole is processed by the material with different work functions, simultaneously, adopts the surface molecular with different chain length or different structure that it is carried out finishing at anodal and negative pole, and anodal and negative pole has the different geometric structure; Perhaps, adopt surface molecular that it is carried out finishing, and anodal and negative pole have the different geometric structure with different chain length or different structure at anodal and negative pole.Distance between positive pole and the negative pole is 0.001 centimetre to 10 centimetres.Intermediate between positive pole and the negative pole forms a contact-making surface.
The intermediate of Conversion of energy unit need be placed in certain intermediary medium and could use, and described intermediary can be gas, liquid, gel or plasma.Described gas can be atomic gas or molecular gas, also can be clean gas or mist.So-called clean gas is meant that gas only comprises a certain element or only comprises a certain compound, such as pure nitrogen, and pure helium, pure carbon dioxide.Mist is such as air.Described liquid can be liquid juice or mixing material.Liquid juice can be liquefied compound or liquid metal.Mixing material can be electrolyte solution and non-electrolytic solution.Electrolyte solution can be organic electrolyte solution or inorganic electrolyte solution.Inorganic electrolyte solution is the aqueous solution of villaumite, bromine salt, salt compounded of iodine, villiaumite, nitrate, sulfate, citrate, phosphate of alkali metal class, transition metal-type, terres rares or other metal eka-aluminums, indium, gallium, tin, thallium, lead, bismuth etc. etc.Described gel can be a Signa Gel.
Intermediary's medium can not contact with anodal negative pole, thereby needs spacer assembly that intermediary's medium and anodal negative pole is isolated.Spacer assembly can be divided into two kinds of situations: a kind of is that anodal negative pole is passed through wrapped with insulation; Whole Conversion of energy unit is placed in intermediary's medium; Because anodal negative pole is sealed; Can't contact with intermediary's medium, and the intermediate between positive pole and the negative pole can contact through contact-making surface and intermediary's medium of intermediate.This situation is when applying the present invention to transducer or temperature, ion concentration, flow monitor, the scheme that can adopt.Because when detected temperatures, ion concentration, flow velocity, need intermediate directly be put into detected gas or liquid, and contact with liquid phase with tested gas.Another kind of situation is to adopt annular seal space, on the Conversion of energy unit, processes annular seal space through insulating material, and annular seal space is with intermediary's medium and intermediate sealing, and intermediary's medium only in annular seal space, can't contact with negative pole with anodal; And intermediate contacts through the intermediate contact-making surface between positive pole and the negative pole and intermediary's medium in the annular seal space.
Each Conversion of energy unit can comprise a plurality of intermediates, shared positive pole of a plurality of intermediates and negative pole, thus between positive pole and negative pole, form the parallel connection relation.This situation is in the parallel connection that is equal on the effect between a plurality of Conversion of energy unit.
The environmental energy reforming unit can comprise a plurality of Conversion of energy unit.Adopt the mode of parallel connection or series connection to interconnect between each Conversion of energy unit.So-called parallel connection is meant that the positive pole between the different-energy conversion unit is connected with lead with anodal.So-called series connection is meant that the positive pole of Conversion of energy unit is connected with lead with the negative pole of other Conversion of energy unit.Series connection between the Conversion of energy unit and parallel connection can be used in combination.That is, form parallelly connected module after the unit parallel connection of a plurality of Conversion of energy, a plurality of parallelly connected modules are connected again, parallel connection between a plurality of serial module structures that perhaps a plurality of parallelly connected module series connection back forms.
As previously mentioned, the Conversion of energy unit can comprise annular seal space and intermediary's medium.Annular seal space is processed by insulating material.Intermediary's medium and intermediate are sealed in the annular seal space.The scheme that this situation is that the present invention is applied to generate electricity, can adopt when power supply or refrigerating plant.Because when the present invention was applied to generating, power supply or refrigeration, for raising the efficiency, intermediary's medium preferably had the material of a large amount of dissociated ions, this type material also has electric conductivity because of the existence of a large amount of ions.So-called dissociated ion is meant the positively charged that can move freely or the atom or the molecule of negative electricity.For example, electrolyte solution, Signa Gel, liquid metal or plasma all are to belong to the material that includes a large amount of dissociated ions.Consider that from the angle of practicality and economy electrolyte solution and Signa Gel are the preferred versions of the intermediary medium of the present invention during as generating, power supply or refrigerating plant.Because plasma needs high cost, and conventional liquid metal has only mercury.
The environmental energy reforming unit can comprise positive pole and negative pole.Under the situation of having only single Conversion of energy unit, the positive pole of Conversion of energy unit and negative pole can directly be the positive pole and the negative poles of environmental energy reforming unit.Under the situation that comprises a plurality of Conversion of energy unit, positive pole and negative pole that a plurality of Conversion of energy unit total positive pole and negative pole after series connection and parallel connection can be used as the environmental energy reforming unit.The positive pole of environmental energy reforming unit and negative pole are connected with contact conductor respectively.The positive pole of environmental energy reforming unit and negative pole are drawn the back after the centre adds load through contact conductor, and the environmental energy reforming unit has continual electric current output.
Principle of the present invention is that the semiconductor through intermediate is in contact with one another through the intermediate contact-making surface between positive pole and the negative pole and intermediary's medium, and the skin effect that takes place, under the guiding of asymmetric electrode, and continual output current.Thereby the present invention is intermediate, intermediary's medium and the coefficient result of asymmetric electrode, and different intermediate materials, different intermediaries medium and different electrode asymmetry have different effects.Concrete situation is referring to the test data of embodiment.
The present invention is different from chemical cell, does not relate to chemical reaction, and the consumed power that need not charge does not relate to the change of material structure and performance yet, directly environment thermal energy is changed into electric energy.Thereby can be applied to generating or provide electric energy to use as power supply.Simultaneously, because heat energy is converted to electric energy, thereby produce the effect of absorption refrigeration.The refrigeration data are referring to embodiment.Thereby can be applied to refrigeration, and can be used as refrigerating plant, realize refrigeration to space or pipe fitting.This shows that also the present invention has the technique effect of generating and refrigeration simultaneously.
In addition, the flow velocity of the temperature of the output of the open circuit voltage between positive pole of the present invention and the negative pole and intermediary's medium, ion concentration, intermediary's medium has much relations.Thereby can also be applied to detected temperatures, ion concentration or flow velocity, and make corresponding temperature-detecting device or temperature sensor, ion concentration or solution concentration checkout gear or ion concentration or solution concentration transducer, flow velocity or wind speed checkout gear or flow velocity air velocity transducer.
The present invention is very responsive to the temperature of intermediary's medium; Under the situation of fix in ion concentration, intermediary's medium is static relatively; Intermediary's medium directly acts on intermediate; The proportional relation of the temperature of the open circuit voltage between positive pole and the negative pole and intermediary's medium, the temperature of intermediary's medium is high more, and its open circuit voltage is also high more.According to this principle; As long as the intermediate of Conversion of energy unit is put into tested intermediary medium; Through detecting the open circuit voltage between positive pole and the negative pole, and the relation of open circuit voltage and intermediary's medium temperature between positive pole that obtains before the contrast and the negative pole, the temperature of acquisition intermediary medium.The temperature that this temperature test method obtains is the real-time temperature of intermediary's medium, but this temperature checking method receives the ion concentration of intermediary's medium itself and the influence of motion state.Also having a kind of mode is with specific intermediary's medium and intermediate sealing, then this device is put into the test environment of appointment.This method of testing is because intermediary's medium ion concentration is fixed, motion state is fixed; Open circuit voltage relation between temperature and positive pole and the negative pole is also fixing; The result that test obtains is more accurate; But this method of testing needs to wait that the temperature of the intermediary's medium in to be sealed is identical with the test environment temperature just can obtain the result, thereby can't obtain real-time temperature, and temperature detection result exists delays time.
The present invention at a certain temperature, certain electrolyte solution is as intermediary's medium, electrolyte solution directly acts on intermediate, the open circuit voltage between positive pole and the negative pole becomes certain proportionate relationship with ion concentration.Ion concentration is high more, and its open circuit voltage is also high more.According to this principle; The intermediate of Conversion of energy unit is placed in the detected solution; Detect the open circuit voltage between positive pole and the negative pole, and contrast the open circuit voltage of acquisition before and the proportionate relationship between ion concentration or the solution concentration, can obtain the ion concentration or the solution concentration of detected solution.This method also can be used for the ion concentration of test solution or the ion concentration of Signa Gel.
Electric energy output of the present invention is relevant with the movement velocity of intermediary's medium, and under uniform temperature and ion concentration, intermediary's medium acts on intermediate, and the open circuit voltage between positive pole and the negative pole becomes certain proportionate relationship with the speed of related movement of intermediary's medium and intermediate.The movement velocity of intermediary's medium is big more, and its open circuit voltage is also high more.According to this principle, the intermediate of Conversion of energy unit is placed in the liquid, detect the open circuit voltage between positive pole and the negative pole, and open circuit voltage that obtains before the contrast and the relation between the flow rate of liquid, can obtain the flow velocity of liquid.This method also can be used for testing wind speed.Simultaneously, the evenness speed of intermediary's medium is big more, and electric energy output is many more, thereby can be directly the mobile mechanical energy of intermediary's medium be changed into electric energy.Such as can wind energy, ocean tidal power, ocean ocean current can change into electric energy output.
When the present invention used as a kind of novel energy equipment or refrigeration plant, the present invention had purposes widely, can be widely used in civilian, military generating and refrigeration, and the lasting energy is provided.The invention belongs to environmental protection equipment, is a kind of revolutionary energy device.The earth has 100,000,000,000 cubic metres seawater, if be the thermal source media with these seawater, this will provide the infinite energy for the mankind.Various potential application are enumerated as follows:
1, the building refrigeration and for the building refrigeration of the lasting energy, particularly heavy construction and building and skyscraper is provided and the lasting energy is provided;
2, can be applicable to the various vehicles, like automobile, train, steamer, submarine and Aero-Space, for these vehicles provide lasting power source;
3, can be applicable in various household electrical appliance, computer, portable electric appts or other civil electric appliances, for these electrical equipment, electronic equipment provide the energy and refrigeration;
4, can be applicable to the health auxiliary equipment, as energy support is provided for cardiac pacemaker.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 and 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1.Among the figure, 1 is intermediate; 2 is anodal; 3 is negative pole; 4 is positive wire; 5 is negative wire; 6 are substrate; 7 is anodal encapsulation; 8 are the negative pole encapsulation.Wherein, the structural representation when Fig. 1 does not encapsulate for anodal and negative pole, Fig. 2 are the structural representation after positive pole and the negative pole encapsulation.
The structural representation of Fig. 3 when anodal and negative pole does not encapsulate for the embodiment of the invention 2.Among the figure, 1 is intermediate; 2 is anodal; 3 is negative pole; 4 is positive wire; 5 is negative wire.
The structural representation of Fig. 4 when anodal and negative pole does not encapsulate for the embodiment of the invention 3.Among the figure, 1 is intermediate; 2 is anodal; 3 is negative pole; 4 is positive wire; 5 is negative wire.
The structural representation of Fig. 5 when anodal and negative pole does not encapsulate for the embodiment of the invention 4.Among the figure, 1 is intermediate; 2 is anodal; 3 is negative pole; 4 is positive wire; 5 is negative wire.
The structural representation of Fig. 6 when anodal and negative pole does not encapsulate for the embodiment of the invention 5.Among the figure, 1 is intermediate; 2 is anodal; 3 is negative pole.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 6.Among the figure, 1 is intermediate; 2 is anodal; 3 is negative pole; 10 is annular seal space; 11 is sealing ring; 12 is sealing plate.Positive sealing plate does not draw among the figure.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 7.Among the figure, 1 is intermediate; 2 is anodal; 3 is negative pole; 10 is annular seal space; 11 is sealing ring; 12 is sealing plate.Positive sealing plate does not draw among the figure.
Fig. 9 is 16 hours lasting output current test result figure in the embodiment of the invention 8.
Figure 10 is output current and temperature relation test result figure in the embodiment of the invention 9.
Figure 11 is output current and solution concentration relation test figure as a result in the embodiment of the invention 10.
Figure 12 is output current voltage and load resistance relation test figure as a result in the embodiment of the invention 11.Among the figure, the triangle symbol data presented is an output voltage, and the hexagonal symbol data presented is an output current.
Figure 13 is the output voltage figure as a result of different solutions test in the embodiment of the invention 12.
Figure 14 is when intermediate adopts N doping type Graphene in the embodiment of the invention 13, the output voltage of in different solutions, testing.
Figure 15 is the output voltage figure of test under the embodiment of the invention 24 ionic medium body environment.Wherein A is the result who tests in the Ar plasma, and B is the result who tests in the N2 plasma.
The output voltage figure of Figure 16 under intermediary's medium different in flow rate condition, testing in the embodiment of the invention 29.
Figure 17 is for being the output voltage figure that tests under the situation of tidal motion at simulation intermediary medium in the embodiment of the invention 29.
Figure 18 is the test circuit figure of various embodiments of the present invention.Wherein A is open circuit voltage test circuit figure; B is output voltage test circuit figure; C is output current test circuit figure.Among the figure, 100 is tested apparatus of the present invention, and 101 are load.
The output current that Figure 19 obtains for the distance test between the different electrodes in the embodiment of the invention 30, open circuit voltage figure.Among the figure, circular symbolic representation in midair be open circuit voltage, what square filled symbols was represented is current data.
The output current that Figure 20 obtains for different electrode length testings in the embodiment of the invention 31, the open circuit voltage comparison diagram.Among the figure, what square symbols was represented is open circuit voltage, and what triangle symbol was represented is current data.
Figure 21 is back 9 hours lasting output voltage figure of series connection in the embodiment of the invention 32.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is done further explain.
One, structure of the present invention
As shown in Figure 1, the environmental energy reforming unit comprises the Conversion of energy unit.The Conversion of energy unit comprises intermediate 1, positive pole 2, negative pole 3.Intermediate 1 links to each other with anodal 2 negative poles 3, is clipped between positive pole 2 and the negative pole 3.Intermediate 1, positive pole 2, negative pole 3 are installed in the substrate 6, and positive pole 2 and negative pole 3 parallel placements have certain distance between the two, and the intermediate that is clipped in the middle and the external world include a contact-making surface, and the contact-making surface of intermediate is used to contact intermediary's medium.Anodal 2 are connected to positive wire 4, and negative pole 3 is connected to negative wire 5.For avoid anodal 2 with the contacting of negative pole 3 and intermediary medium, to positive pole 2 and negative pole 3 encapsulation process.Structure after the encapsulation process is as shown in Figure 2, and anodal 2 skins comprise anodal encapsulation 7, and negative pole 3 skins comprise negative pole encapsulation 8.The material of substrate 6 can be glass, pottery, PET (poly terephthalic acid class) or other plastics or insulation material.Anodal encapsulation 7 is adopted the fluid sealant with insulating property (properties) with negative pole encapsulation 8, like epoxy resin, phenolic resins, organic siliconresin and unsaturated polyester resin etc.Intermediate 1 is a semiconductive thin film, for example: silicon, germanium, zinc oxide, GaAs, zinc sulphide, cupric oxide, gallium nitride, titanium oxide, copper sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, bismuth sulfide, bismuth telluride, doping type graphene film or doping type diamond thin etc.The semiconductive thin film of intermediate 1 is prepared in semiconductive thin film 1 in the substrate 6 through solution or Vacuum Coating method.Anodal and negative pole is made through vacuum moulding machine of semiconductive thin film surface by utilizing or printing at intermediate 1.
With reference to embodiment 1, the semiconductor that is different from embodiment 1 and is the intermediate 1 of Conversion of energy unit is the body material, thereby has lacked substrate 6, and is as shown in Figure 3.
With reference to embodiment 2, the positive pole 2 of Conversion of energy unit adopts asymmetric layout with negative pole 3, and as shown in Figure 4, positive pole 2 comprises chi structure with negative pole 3.Wherein, the contact area between positive pole 2 and the intermediate 1 is less than the contact area between negative pole 3 and the intermediate 1.
With reference to embodiment 2, the positive pole 2 of Conversion of energy unit adopts asymmetric layout with negative pole 3, and is as shown in Figure 5, and anodal 2 is roundel, and the contact area between the intermediate 1 is far smaller than the contact area between negative pole 3 and the intermediate 1.
With reference to embodiment 2, the positive pole 2 of Conversion of energy unit adopts asymmetric layout with negative pole 3, and is as shown in Figure 6, and anodal 2 is roundel, and the contact area between the intermediate 1 is far smaller than the contact area between negative pole 3 and the intermediate 1.
As shown in Figure 7, the environmental energy reforming unit comprises the Conversion of energy unit.The Conversion of energy unit comprises intermediate 1, positive pole 2, negative pole 3.The outside comprises sealing plate 12, and sealing plate 12, positive pole 2, negative pole 3 constitute annular seal spaces 10.Annular seal space 10 is the space of sealing, and the top comprises sealing plate 12, does not draw among the figure.Annular seal space 10 is used for placing intermediary's medium.Annular seal space 10 comprises intermediate 1.Intermediate 1 is clipped in the groove of positive pole 2 and negative pole 3.Intermediate 1 is the semiconductor bulk material.Perhaps intermediate 1 is a semiconductive thin film, and the intermediate of its shaped semiconductor film also is fixed on substrate liner plate two sides through the mode of stickup, plated film, and the substrate liner plate is the body material of being processed by insulating material.Positive pole 2 and negative pole 3 parallel relative placements.Include sealing ring 11 between annular seal space 10 and anodal 2 negative poles 3.Sealing ring 11 is used for isolating intermediary's medium and anodal 2 negative poles 3, makes to avoid intermediary's medium contact anodal 2 and negative pole 3.
As shown in Figure 8, the environmental energy reforming unit comprises the Conversion of energy unit.The Conversion of energy unit comprises a plurality of intermediate 1, anodal 2, negative pole 3.The outside comprises sealing plate 12, and sealing plate 12, positive pole 2, negative pole 3 constitute annular seal spaces 10.Annular seal space 10 is the space of sealing, and the top comprises sealing plate 12, does not draw among the figure.Annular seal space 10 is used for placing intermediary's medium.Annular seal space 10 comprises a plurality of intermediates 1.A plurality of intermediates 1 are clipped in the groove of positive pole 2 and negative pole 3, and parallel placement does not contact mutually, and the space is left in the centre.Intermediate 1 is the semiconductor bulk material.Perhaps intermediate 1 is a semiconductive thin film, and the intermediate of its shaped semiconductor film also is fixed on substrate liner plate two sides through the mode of stickup, plated film, and the substrate liner plate is the body material of being processed by insulating material.Positive pole 2 and negative pole 3 parallel relative placements.Include sealing ring 11 between annular seal space 10 and anodal 2 negative poles 3.Sealing ring 11 is used for isolating intermediary's medium and anodal 2 negative poles 3, makes to avoid intermediary's medium contact anodal 2 and negative pole 3.A plurality of intermediates 1 have identical positive pole 2 and negative pole 3, thereby between positive pole 2 and negative pole 3, form the parallel connection relation.This situation is in the parallel connection that is equal on the effect between a plurality of Conversion of energy unit.
Two, test data of the present invention
Below under the situation that is not having to specify, given magnitude of voltage all is 10 minutes a mean value of test.Among the following embodiment, the circuit diagram that relates to the open circuit voltage test is shown in Figure 19-A, and the positive pole of apparatus of the present invention 100 to be tested directly is connected voltmeter with negative pole; The circuit diagram that relates to output voltage test shown in Figure 19-B, series connection one load 101 between positive pole of apparatus of the present invention 100 to be tested and the negative pole, voltmeter connects with load parallelly connected; The circuit diagram that relates to output current test shown in Figure 19-C, series load 101 and ammeter between positive pole of apparatus of the present invention 100 to be tested and the negative pole.
Adopt the environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 2, wherein, intermediate adopts silicon materials, the anodal gold that adopts, and negative pole adopts silver.The size of intermediate is: 0.05 centimetre of 1 cm x, 1 cm x.The contact area that intermediate is exposed to outer and intermediary's medium is: 0.8 centimetre of 0.3 cm x, that is, the distance between positive pole and the negative pole is 0.5 centimetre.The carrier concentration of silicon materials is 1.2 * 10
12Every square centimeter.
It is 5 moles every liter copper chloride (CuCl that the environmental energy reforming unit of said structure is put into concentration
2) in the solution, solution temperature is 25 ℃, the test open circuit voltage is 0.42 V.Loading under the 25 K Ω loading conditions between the both positive and negative polarity, the output current of test environment energy conversion device is as shown in Figure 9.
It is 5 moles every liter copper chloride (CuCl that the environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 8 is put into concentration
2) in the solution, loading under the 25 K Ω loading conditions between the both positive and negative polarity, the output current and the relation between the temperature of test environment energy conversion device are shown in figure 10.By finding out among Figure 10, under the situation of fix in load, solution concentration is fixing, temperature and electric current present proportional relation, and temperature is high more, and output current is big more.This shows that the present invention can be applied to detected temperatures, make temperature-detecting device or temperature sensor.
The environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 8 is put into copper chloride (CuCl
2) in the solution, under 25 ℃ of conditions, add under the 25 K Ω loading conditions relation of the output current of test environment energy conversion device and copper chloride solution concentration such as shown in figure 11.By finding out among Figure 11, under the situation of fix in load, temperature is fixing, solution concentration and electric current present proportional relation, and solution concentration is high more, and the electric current of output is big more.This shows that the present invention can be applied to detect ion concentration or solution concentration, make ion concentration or solution concentration checkout gear or ion concentration or solution concentration transducer.
It is 5 moles every liter copper chloride (CuCl that the environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 8 is put into concentration
2) in the solution, under 25 ℃ of conditions, the output current and the output voltage of device under the different external resistor conditions, it is shown in figure 12 to obtain effect.And calculate maximum power output according to The above results and be: 8.2 microwatts, can draw according to the environmental energy reforming unit size of said structure, energy conversion efficiency is: every square centimeter of 8.2 microwatt.With thickness is 0.05 centimetre of calculating, then is every cubic centimetre of 164 microwatt, and promptly 1.64 kilowatts electric power can be exported in every cubic metre space.In the production of reality, above-mentioned environmental energy reforming unit or Conversion of energy unit can be done forr a short time, can export more electric power.
It is 4 moles every liter CuCl that the environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 8 is put into concentration
2, HCl, KCl, NaCl, CoCl
2And NiCl
2In the electrolyte solution, the temperature of electrolyte solution adds under the 25 K Ω loading conditions under 25 ℃ of conditions, the output voltage of test environment energy conversion device, and the result who obtains is shown in figure 13.By this figure can find out output voltage become with ionic radius positive correlation (except the HCl, the H in this electrolyte
+Mainly with H
-3O
+Form exists).
Adopt the environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 1, wherein, intermediate adopts N doping type Graphene, and glass material is adopted in substrate, the anodal gold that adopts, and negative pole adopts silver.The size of intermediate is: 1 cm x, 1 cm x (1.0 * 10
-7) centimetre.The contact area that intermediate is exposed to outer and intermediary's medium is: 0.8 centimetre of 0.3 cm x, that is, the distance between positive pole and the negative pole is 0.5 centimetre.The internal resistance of environmental energy reforming unit is 2.5 K Ω.
It is 1 mole of every liter of FeCl that the environmental energy reforming unit of said structure is put into concentration
3, CuCl
2, HCl, NaCl, CoCl
2And NiCl
2In the electrolyte solution, the temperature of electrolyte solution is loading under the 200 K Ω loading conditions under 25 ℃ of conditions, the output voltage of test component, and it is shown in figure 14 to obtain effect.
The environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 13 is put into the pure water environment, under the condition of 25 ℃ of pure water, depress at 1 standard atmosphere, under the situation that loads 1 M Ω resistance, the output voltage that measures is near 85 μ V.
The environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 13 is put into briny environment, under the condition of 25 ℃ in seawater, depress at 1 standard atmosphere, under the situation that loads 200 K Ω resistance, the output voltage that measures is near 5.2 mV.
The environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 13 is put into fresh water environment, under the condition of 25 ℃ of fresh water, depress at 1 standard atmosphere, under the situation that loads 200 K Ω resistance, the output voltage that measures is near 0.5 mV.
Above-mentioned test result in pure water, seawater, fresh water shows that the output voltage of environmental energy reforming unit in pure water compared few 2 one magnitude with the output voltage in seawater.This result shows that the ion concentration of intermediary's medium has very big influence to environmental energy reforming unit of the present invention.
The environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 13 is put into the physiological saline environment.Described physiological saline is used to simulate the life entity environment, under the condition of 25 ℃ in physiological saline, depresses at 1 standard atmosphere, and under the situation that loads 1 M Ω resistance, the output voltage that measures is near 1.2 mV.This test result shows that after the environmental energy reforming unit is integrated being expected to provides electric power energy for the human body servicing unit.
After positive pole in the environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 8 and negative pole replace with following material respectively, put into concentration and be 5 moles every liter copper chloride (CuCl
2) in the solution, under 25 ℃ of conditions, the result that the test open circuit voltage obtains is as shown in the table:
Test result by last table can draw, and the open circuit voltage of border energy conversion device and the work function of electrode material have direct relation, adopts the situation of asymmetric work function electrode obviously higher than the open circuit voltage that the device that uses identical work function electrode produces.The open circuit voltage of the device of two electrode materials that the employing work function is higher than silicon materials (4.65 eV) work function is about 1 mV; And that work function is less than or equal to the open circuit voltage of device of two electrode materials of silicon materials work function is higher relatively, is about about 0.1 V.
Embodiment 17
The silicon materials of the intermediate in the environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 8 replace with following material respectively:
1, germanium
2, (doping content is 10 to N type silicon 2
17/ cm
2)
3, (doping content is 10 to N type silicon 3
15/ cm
2)
4, (doping content is 10 to N type silicon 4
11/ cm
2)
5, (doping content is 10 to P type silicon 1
12/ cm
2)
6, GaAs
7, gallium nitride
8, zinc oxide
9, zinc sulphide
10, titanium oxide
11, cupric oxide
12, copper sulfide
13, molybdenum sulfide
14, bismuth sulfide
15, bismuth telluride
With the environmental energy reforming unit after the above-mentioned replacement; Being placed on molar concentration respectively and being in 4 moles every liter the KCl solution, is that the semiconductor of testing above-mentioned unlike material is as intermediate under 25 ℃ of conditions at solution temperature; Obtain the open circuit voltage at electrode two ends, as shown in the table:
Loading under the 25 K Ω loading conditions, be respectively 0.1 mV, 60 mV and 220 mV for the output voltage of N type silicon 2,3 and 4.Result by last table and loading test draws, no matter semiconductor type is P type or N type, as long as carrier concentration is less than 10
15/ cm
2Device just has an obvious voltage to produce, and along with the reducing of carrier concentration, open circuit voltage increases, but compares the environmental energy reforming unit of embodiment 7, and the output voltage of the environmental energy reforming unit of embodiment 6 reduces on the contrary.Show that thus as the semiconductor silicon material of intermediate, doping content becomes positive correlation with open circuit voltage, is normal distribution with output voltage.
Adopt the environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 1, wherein, intermediate adopts P doping type diamond thin, and glass material is adopted in substrate, the anodal gold that adopts, and negative pole adopts silver.The size of intermediate is: 0.01 centimetre of 1 cm x, 1 cm x.The contact area that intermediate is exposed to outer and intermediary's medium is: 0.8 centimetre of 0.3 cm x, that is, the distance between positive pole and the negative pole is 0.5 centimetre.The internal resistance of environmental energy reforming unit is 2.8 K Ω.
It is 5 moles every liter copper chloride (CuCl that the environmental energy reforming unit of said structure is put into concentration
2) in the solution, solution temperature is 25 ℃, is loading under the 220 K Ω loading conditions between the both positive and negative polarity, the output voltage of test environment energy conversion device is 85 mV.
Embodiment 19
Adopt the environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 1, wherein, intermediate adopts N doping type Graphene, and glass material is adopted in substrate.The size of intermediate is: 1 cm x, 1 cm x (1.0 * 10
-7) centimetre.The contact area that intermediate is exposed to outer and intermediary's medium is: 0.8 centimetre of 0.3 cm x, that is, the distance between positive pole and the negative pole is 0.5 centimetre.The internal resistance of environmental energy reforming unit is 2.5 K Ω.
The employing of the positive pole of the environmental energy reforming unit of said structure is through the gold of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) finishing, and negative pole adopts polyvinyl acetate (PVA) to do the gold of finishing, puts into concentration and be 5 moles every liter copper chloride (CuCl
2) in the solution, solution temperature is 25 ℃, is loading under the 25 K Ω loading conditions between the both positive and negative polarity, the output voltage of test environment energy conversion device is 28 mV.
The employing of the positive pole of the environmental energy reforming unit of said structure is through the gold of n-dodecyl mercaptan finishing, and negative pole adopts hexyl mercaptan to do the gold of finishing, puts into concentration and be 5 moles every liter copper chloride (CuCl
2) in the solution, solution temperature is 25 ℃, is loading under the 25 K Ω loading conditions between the both positive and negative polarity, the output voltage of test environment energy conversion device is 19 mV.
The employing of the positive pole of the environmental energy reforming unit of said structure is through the silver of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) finishing, and negative pole adopts polyvinyl acetate (PVA) to do the silver of finishing, puts into concentration and be 5 moles every liter copper chloride (CuCl
2) in the solution, solution temperature is 25 ℃, is loading under the 25 K Ω loading conditions between the both positive and negative polarity, the output voltage of test environment energy conversion device is 195 mV.
The employing of the positive pole of the environmental energy reforming unit of said structure is through the silver of n-dodecyl mercaptan finishing, and negative pole adopts hexyl mercaptan to do the silver of finishing, puts into concentration and be 5 moles every liter copper chloride (CuCl
2) in the solution, solution temperature is 25 ℃, is loading under the 25 K Ω loading conditions between the both positive and negative polarity, the output voltage of test environment energy conversion device is 180 mV.
Above result shows that above molecular modification electrode surface has been equal to regulate and control the work function of electrode, makes device have the similar effect of the different work functions electrode of use.
Adopt the environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 5, as shown in Figure 6, intermediate is the square of 2 centimetres of the length of sides, the disk that the just very diameter at center is 0.5 centimetre, and the outer length of side of negative pole is 1.6 centimetres on every side, the interior length of side is 1.4 centimetres a square ring-type sheet.Intermediate adopts silicon materials.
The environmental energy reforming unit of above-mentioned structure, both positive and negative polarity all adopts ag material, puts it into concentration and be 5 moles every liter copper chloride (CuCl
2) in the solution, solution temperature is 25 ℃, is loading under the 25 K Ω loading conditions between the both positive and negative polarity, the output voltage of test environment energy conversion device is 185 mV.
The environmental energy reforming unit of above-mentioned structure, the anodal gold copper-base alloy that adopts, negative pole adopts ag material, puts it into concentration and be 5 moles every liter copper chloride (CuCl
2) in the solution, solution temperature is 25 ℃, is loading under the 25 K Ω loading conditions between the both positive and negative polarity, the output voltage of test environment energy conversion device is 368 mV.
The environmental energy reforming unit of above-mentioned structure; The anodal gold that adopts the finishing of anodal employing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA); Negative pole adopt adopts polyvinyl acetate (PVA) to do the silver of finishing, puts it into concentration and be 5 moles every liter copper chloride (CuCl
2) in the solution, solution temperature is 25 ℃, is loading under the 25 K Ω loading conditions between the both positive and negative polarity, the output voltage of test environment energy conversion device is 398 mV.
This result shows: asymmetry anodal and the negative pole shape and structure can be induced electrical potential difference equally, makes the environmental energy reforming unit have than higher output characteristic.
Embodiment 21
Consider the situation of organic solution
The environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 13 being placed in 1 standard atmosphere depressing in the ethanolic solution that concentration is 4 moles of every liter of sodium chloride, is under 25 ℃ the condition, to load under the situation of 220 K Ω resistance in temperature, and the output voltage that measures is 26 mV.
Embodiment 22
Consider the situation under the air ambient
The environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 13 is placed in the air ambient that 1 standard atmosphere depresses, and is that under the situation that loads 1 M Ω resistance, the output voltage that measures is near 65 μ V under 25 ℃ the condition in temperature.
Embodiment 23
The environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 13 is placed in the following gas, is 1 MPa at pressure, and temperature is that the open circuit voltage that records device is as shown in the table under 25 ℃ of conditions:
Above gas purity is all greater than 99.99%.Above result shows that along with the increase of molecular radius, the open circuit voltage that device produces reduces successively.
Consider the plasma situation
Adopt the environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 1, wherein, intermediate adopts N doping type Graphene, and glass material is adopted in substrate, the anodal graphite that adopts, and negative pole adopts silver.The size of intermediate is: 1 cm x, 1 cm x (1.0 * 10
-7) centimetre.The contact area that intermediate is exposed to outer and intermediary's medium is: 0.8 centimetre of 0.3 cm x, that is, the distance between positive pole and the negative pole is 0.5 centimetre.
With the environmental energy reforming unit of said structure, being placed on energy density is 8 mW/cm
2, pressure environment is in the plasma of 600 mTorr.Under 25 ℃ of conditions of room temperature, load under the 220 K Ω situation, measured output voltage and time relation are shown in figure 15.Wherein A is the isoionic situation of Ar, and B is N
2The situation of plasma.
Consider the situation of liquid metal
The environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 13 is placed in the environment of liquid mercury, and under 25 ℃ of conditions of room temperature, under external resistor 200 K Ω situation, the output voltage of test component is 12 mV.
The environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 13 is placed in the environment of liquid gallium, and under 35 ℃ of conditions of temperature, under external resistor 200 K Ω situation, the output voltage of test component is 30 mV.
Embodiment 26
Consider organic semiconductor
Adopt the environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 1, glass material is adopted in substrate, the anodal gold that adopts, and negative pole adopts silver.Intermediate adopts and gathers 3 basic thiophene (P3HT), and the size of intermediate is: 1 centimetre of 1 cm x, thickness are 100 nanometers.The contact area that intermediate is exposed to outer and intermediary's medium is: 0.8 centimetre of 0.3 cm x, that is, the distance between positive pole and the negative pole is 0.5 centimetre.The intermediate film of P3HT adopts the spin-coating method preparation: under 25 ℃ of the room temperatures, 3000 change, and the film thickness of 30 s is 100 nm, then on the hot platform with 80 ℃ under with its oven dry.
The environmental energy reforming unit of said structure is placed in 3 moles every liter the NaCl solution, and under 25 ℃ of the room temperatures, under the external resistor 200 K Ω situation, the output voltage of test component is 25 mV.
Intermediate in the environmental energy reforming unit of said structure adopts 3, and 4-enedioxy thiophene (PEDOT) places it in 3 moles every liter the NaCl solution, and under 25 ℃ of the room temperatures, under the external resistor 200 K Ω situation, the output voltage of test component is 18 mV.
Embodiment 27
The Signa Gel situation
The environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 13 is positioned over is equipped with in water-based high-molecular gel (medical conductive paste) bottle, under 25 ℃ of conditions, when external resistor was 220 K Ω, the output voltage that measures was 35 mV.
Embodiment 28
The refrigeration test
With two plastic jar of same specification, in same concentrations is housed is 5 moles every liter CuCl
2Solution is placed in the same vacuum chamber, and vacuum degree is 1.5 * 10
6Torr.Wherein, put into the environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 13 in first bottle, and load the load of 25 K Ω, second bottle is empty.After 105 hours, first bottle temperature that environmental energy reforming unit is housed is than low 0.3 ℃ of second temperature.
Above-mentioned test result shows; Environmental energy reforming unit of the present invention is in generating; Because heat absorption causes the temperature of environment to reduce, and has proved that also environmental energy reforming unit of the present invention can change into electric energy with heat energy really simultaneously, the electric energy of device output comes from environment thermal energy.Above-mentioned test result also shows simultaneously, and environmental energy reforming unit of the present invention can be applied to refrigeration, and when producing electric energy, reaches the effect of refrigeration.
(a) fluid flows+heat energy=electricity output.
The environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 13 is positioned over 1 mole every liter CuCl
2In the solution, under 25 ℃ of the room temperatures, in the situation that adds 220 K Ω loads, along with the variation of flow velocity, operating voltage such as Figure 16 that test obtains.Above-mentioned test is that device is fixed in the circular quartz ampoule that diameter is 6 cm, and sample is parallel to tube axial direction, and the both positive and negative polarity of test is drawn from an end wherein.Current flow to the other end from an end of pipe, with the both positive and negative polarity keeping parallelism direction of sample.
(b) tide simulation can be generated electricity, and utilizes to lift generation mechanical movement+heat energy=electricity output
With the environmental energy reforming unit of the structure of embodiment 13 in 1 mole every liter CuCl
2In the solution, under 25 ℃ of the room temperatures, in the situation that adds 220 K Ω loads, along with the variation of pull rate, operating voltage such as Figure 17 that test obtains.Test environment is to adopt micro motor to drive, and sample is bonded in an end of micro motor rope, opens motor then, regulates pull rate, is filling CuCl
2The solution surface of the bottle of solution moves up and down up and down.
Above result shows that fluid is flowed, and combination can obtain electricity output efficiently constantly with molecule heat energy; Maybe will utilize tidal wave fluctuation and molecule heat energy to combine to obtain instantaneous efficient electricity output.
Conversion of energy unit with reference to the structure of embodiment 8 keeps other structure and materials constant, the distance between positive pole and the negative pole is set at respectively in 0.3 centimetre to 10 centimetres scope change.It is 5 moles every liter copper chloride (CuCl that the environmental energy reforming unit of above-mentioned different structure is put into concentration
2) in the solution; Solution temperature is 25 ℃; Loading between the both positive and negative polarity under the 25 K Ω loading conditions, output current and the output voltage of test environment energy conversion device under different both positive and negative polarity distances is shown in figure 19, and as can be seen from the figure open circuit voltage is about 0.42V; Output voltage is about 0.25V, and output current is about 7.5 μ A.
Above-mentioned test result shows that output current or voltage do not change with the variation of distance.The result shows; The charge carrier diffusion length of silicon is in micron dimension; The variation of electrode spacing in the macro-size scope; The charge carrier quantity that produces at semiconductor surface is to have increased significantly, but owing to transport the increase of length, the free carrier of a large amount of delocalizations is compound by the institute of the hole in the way again.Therefore, population effect remains unchanged basically.The carrier mobility of considering silicon is a micron dimension, and the carrier mobility of thin-film materials such as Graphene is in nanometer scale, therefore selects the width of two electrodes should be proper in the scope of 100 nanometers to 10 centimetre.
Embodiment 31
Conversion of energy unit with reference to the structure of embodiment 8; Keep other structure and materials constant; But the length of two electrodes changes to 2.4 centimetres from 0.8 centimetre and makes anodally with negative pole and intermediate different contacts area to be arranged, and intermediate has different contacts area with the intermediary medium.It is 5 moles every liter copper chloride (CuCl that the environmental energy reforming unit of above-mentioned different structure is put into concentration
2) in the solution, solution temperature is 25 ℃, is loading under the 25 K Ω loading conditions between the both positive and negative polarity, open circuit voltage, output current and the output voltage of test environment energy conversion device under different both positive and negative polarity length is shown in figure 20.By finding out that the open circuit voltage between positive pole and the negative pole remains on about 0.42V among the figure, output current and output voltage increase with the increase of electrode length.
The above results shows; The open circuit voltage of the device of various different electrode lengths is consistent; But the device that device output voltage that electrode length is long and operating current all compare noncontinuous electrode is big, and wherein the device of 2.4 centimetre length electrodes is bigger by 20% than the device of 0.8 centimetre length electrode.In fact this situation can be equivalent to the parallel connection of a plurality of Conversion of energy unit.
Embodiment 32
The series connection test
With the Conversion of energy units in series of the structure of 8 embodiment 8, be placed on 5 moles every liter CuCl
2In the solution, under the condition of 25 ℃ of room temperatures, the open circuit voltage of test component is 2.5 V, and it is shown in figure 21 to continue to test the output voltage and the time curve that obtain after 9 hours.
With the energy conversion unit series connection of the structure of 4 embodiment 8, be placed on 5 moles every liter CuCl
2In the solution, under the condition of 25 ℃ of room temperatures, the operating current of test component is 36 μ A.
Therefore, in order to reach the practicability demand of this patent, can realize the amplification of voltage or electric current through serial or parallel connection.On the theory, for silicon materials, the charge carrier diffusion length of silicon is in micron dimension.Therefore, as long as we do rational electrode design to silicon face, such as using the interdigital electrode structure to make it integrated, the open circuit voltage of device and voltage and current all can be significantly increased.Such as 1000 of the such miniature devices of series connection, theoretical open circuit voltage can reach 350 V, and the semiconductor technology of this integrated technology and silicon is compatible, is realization easily.If 1000 of parallelly connected such miniature devices, the theoretical work electric current can reach 10 mA; 1000000 of parallelly connected such miniature devices, the theoretical work electric current can reach 10 A, and this is enough to reach the degree that practicability requires.
Claims (20)
1. the environmental energy reforming unit is characterized in that: comprise the Conversion of energy unit; Described Conversion of energy unit comprises: positive pole, negative pole, intermediate; Described intermediate is processed by semiconductor, is clipped between positive pole and the negative pole, and both sides are connected with anodal, negative pole respectively; Anodal and negative pole has asymmetry.
2. environmental energy reforming unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described positive pole and negative pole have the combination that asymmetry comprises one of scenarios or scenarios:
Described positive pole and negative pole are processed by the material of different work functions, and anodal work function WP, the work function WN of negative pole, the work function WX of intermediate meet the following conditions: WP＞WX >=WN;
Described positive pole and negative pole adopt the molecule with different chain length or different structure that it is done different surface and modify;
Described positive pole and negative pole have the different geometric planform, and wherein the contact area of positive pole and intermediate is less than the contact area of negative pole and intermediate.
3. environmental energy reforming unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described semiconductor is organic semiconductor or inorganic semiconductor.
4. environmental energy reforming unit as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that described inorganic semiconductor is silicon, germanium, GaAs, gallium nitride, zinc oxide, zinc sulphide, titanium oxide, cupric oxide, copper sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, bismuth sulfide, bismuth telluride, doping type Graphene or doping type diamond.
5. environmental energy reforming unit as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described organic semiconductor is for gathering 3 basic thiophene or 3,4-enedioxy thiophene.
6. environmental energy reforming unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described Conversion of energy unit comprises spacer assembly, is used for isolating anodal and intermediary's medium and isolation negative pole and intermediary's medium; Described intermediary medium is gas, liquid, gel or plasma.
7. environmental energy reforming unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the intermediate in the described Conversion of energy unit has a plurality of, and a plurality of intermediates have identical positive pole and negative pole, thereby between positive pole and negative pole, forms the parallel connection relation.
8. environmental energy reforming unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described Conversion of energy unit comprises intermediary's medium; Described intermediary medium is inorganic electrolyte solution, organic electrolyte solution, Signa Gel or liquid metal.
9. environmental energy reforming unit as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described inorganic electrolyte solution is the aqueous solution of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, nickel chloride, cobalt chloride, lithium chloride, copper chloride or iron chloride.
10. environmental energy reforming unit as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described Conversion of energy unit comprises annular seal space; Annular seal space adopts insulating material to process; Described intermediary medium and intermediate are sealed in the annular seal space.
11. environmental energy reforming unit as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described intermediary medium moves.
12. environmental energy reforming unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described Conversion of energy unit comprises a plurality of, and each Conversion of energy unit interconnects through parallel connection and series connection.
13. be applied to generating or power supply like each described environmental energy reforming unit of claim 1 to 12.
14. be applied to refrigeration like each described environmental energy reforming unit of claim 1 to 12.
15. one kind is generated electricity or supply unit, it is characterized in that, comprises like each described environmental energy reforming unit of claim 1 to 12.
16. a refrigerating plant is characterized in that, comprises like each described environmental energy reforming unit of claim 1 to 12.
17. a generating or power supply and refrigerating plant is characterized in that, comprise like each described environmental energy reforming unit of claim 1 to 12.
18. a temperature-detecting device is characterized in that, comprises like each described environmental energy reforming unit of claim 1 to 12.
19. ion concentration or solution concentration checkout gear is characterized in that, comprise like each described environmental energy reforming unit of claim 1 to 7.
20. a flow monitor is characterized in that, comprises like each described environmental energy reforming unit of claim 1 to 7.
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