A kind of double source earthquake collection method and acquisition system for offshore seismic exploration
Technical field
The present invention relates to the offshore geophysical prospecting field, particularly a kind of double source earthquake collection method and acquisition system for offshore seismic exploration.
Background technology
The offshore geophysical prospecting system is used for from the collection of the stratum below the water bottom of lake or ocean geophysical data.Such as marine seismic acquisition system, generally include the seismic vessel with boat-carrying navigation, seismic energy source control and geophysical data recording unit.Seismic vessel pulls one or more sensor towing cable usually behind ship.The seismic energy source opertaing device excites one or more seismic energy source in seclected time.Each sensor on the sensor towing cable conducts to recording unit in response to the signal that detected seismic energy generates the most at last.In register system with respect to the time interocclusal record signal that generated by each sensor.Follow-up structure and the composition that can make an explanation to infer the stratum below the water bottom to the signal that records.
Along with improving constantly of petroleum-based energy consumption figure, increasing petroleum resources will be explored out.In global ocean oil gas proven reserves, at present still occupy an leading position in the shallow sea, but along with the progress of oil exploration technology, marched the deep-sea gradually, and the exploration zone of interest is also progressively developed to deep layer by shallow-layer.
Conventional marine seismic acquisition mode is owing to be subjected to effects limit such as operation boats and ships towing tension, cable length and data logging length, and it has been the limit basically that the degree of covering of 3-D seismics data reaches 80 times.At present, the high degree of covering offshore seismic exploration of international popular is confined to angles of azimuth and wide-azimuth exploration engineering substantially, but because the operating cost of these technology is very high, is difficult to large scale application in the production.
In the prior art, when using the marine seismic acquisition technology to carry out the offshore petroleum resources exploration, it is such that a kind of operating type is arranged: survey vessel is at two air guns and many digital cables about traction behind the ship, and focus alternately excites every the S rice left and right sides.Wherein, S is the shot interval according to the geology Demand Design.Simultaneously, during the instrument record geological data, big gun data of each recording channel record focus.This kind conventional scheme, the seismic data degree of covering is few, only can satisfy middle-shallow layer exploration demand, can not satisfy the deep seismic imaging, especially the demand of complex structure accurately image.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, few at the seismic data degree of covering that exists in the existing marine seismic acquisition operation technique, can't satisfy the defective of deep seismic exploration needs, a kind of improved double source earthquake collection method and acquisition system for offshore seismic exploration are provided.
The technical scheme of the present invention solves that its technical matters adopts improved double source earthquake collection method for offshore seismic exploration is: a kind of double source earthquake collection method for offshore seismic exploration comprises the steps:
A, detection current location reach the first predetermined distance value S as if current location and the distance of last time gathering the starting position, then carry out following steps:
B, the described current location of record are the collection starting position, and the predetermined minimum time interval that staggers at least in the second distance Δ S scope that begins forwards to travel from described current location, excite first focus and second focus respectively;
The seismic event that C, described first focus of sensing and second focus cause also produces corresponding first geological data and second geological data;
D, receive described first geological data and second geological data, and with described first geological data and described second seismic data recording in a recording channel.
Preferably, in described step B, in the moment of explosive source, record sign and the firing time of the focus that is excited simultaneously, in order to follow-up first geological data and second geological data that record in the described recording channel are handled.
Preferably, in described step B, the excitating sequence of described first focus and described second focus is random sequence.
Preferably, described first distance value (S), second distance (Δ S) and minimum time interval are based on exploration area zone of interest geological condition and determine.
Preferably, the described first distance value S is 25 meters, and described second distance Δ S is 2 meters.
Preferably, the described first distance value S is 18.75 meters, and described second distance Δ S is 1.5 meters.
The present invention also provides a kind of double source seismic acquisition configuration for offshore seismic exploration, comprising:
First focus that is spaced laterally apart and second focus that in water, pull in the survey vessel back;
Many the sensor towing cables that are spaced laterally apart that in water, pull in the survey vessel back;
Also comprise:
Position detecting device is in order to detect survey vessel or to detect first focus or the second focus current location;
Excite control device, it comprises:
Distance calculation module is in order to calculate current location and the distance of last time gathering the starting position;
Gather the starting position logging modle, when reaching the predetermined first distance value S when described distance, the record current location is the collection starting position; And
The excitation signal generation module, when reaching the predetermined first distance value S when described distance, at least the predetermined minimum time interval that staggers in the second distance Δ S scope that begins forwards to travel from current location sends the excitation signal that excites first focus and second focus respectively;
A plurality of seismic sensors vertically are arranged on the described sensor towing cable separatedly, and the seismic event that causes in order to described first focus of sensing and second focus also produces corresponding first geological data and second geological data; And
Pen recorder, in order to receiving described first geological data and second geological data, and with described first geological data and described second seismic data recording in a recording channel.
Preferably, described pen recorder comprises: the instigated recordings module, in order in the moment of explosive source, record be excited sign and the firing time of focus, simultaneously in order to first geological data and second geological data that record in the described recording channel are handled.
Preferably, the described first distance value S, second distance Δ S and minimum time interval are based on exploration area zone of interest geological condition and determine.
Preferably, described first distance value (S) is 25 meters, and described second distance (Δ S) is 2 meters; Perhaps described first distance value (S) is 18.75 meters, and described second distance (Δ S) is 1.5 meters.
Marine seismic acquisition mode of the present invention, under the situation that does not change the conventional traction mode of earthquake-capturing operation ship and equipment, by changing epicenter excitation order and time, increased excitation density, under the situation that increases a small amount of operating cost, obtain seismic data at double, the degree of covering of seismic data is multiplied, thereby improves the seismic data signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), to satisfy the needs of deep seismic exploration.Good economic benefits and practicality are arranged.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the survey vessel operation traction mode synoptic diagram in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of the double source seismic acquisition configuration that is used for offshore seismic exploration in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the double source earthquake collection method seismic energy source firing rules synoptic diagram that is used for offshore seismic exploration in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of the double source earthquake collection method that is used for offshore seismic exploration in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the double source earthquake collection method instrument record seismic signal schematic diagram data that is used for offshore seismic exploration in one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The marine seismic acquisition technology mainly is divided into shooting techniques and reception technique two large divisions.When focus (shooting techniques) when exciting, energy passes through seawater, propagate to earth formation deep through the seabed, part energy sees through the stratum and propagates downwards, part energy is upwards propagated by the bed boundary reflection, and the wave detector (reception technique) that is loaded by the cable of sinking certain depth in seawater receives.
The present invention's design namely excites control device by changing rifle control system, changes epicenter excitation order and time, cooperates simultaneously to change the instrument record mode, increases the degree of covering of seismic data.
Understand for technical characterictic of the present invention, purpose and effect being had more clearly, now contrast accompanying drawing and describe the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail.
Fig. 1 shows the survey vessel 1 Seismic Operation subsea equipment traction mode in one embodiment of the invention, when explosive source 2,3, energy passes through seawater, propagate to earth formation deep through the seabed, part energy sees through the stratum and propagates downwards, part energy is upwards propagated by the bed boundary reflection, and a plurality of seismic sensors that vertically separate that loaded by the sensor towing cable 4 of sinking certain depth in seawater receive, and note.
This survey vessel 1 is two air guns that are spaced laterally apart about traction on the quarter, i.e. first focus 2 and second focus 3, and many sensor towing cables 4 that are spaced laterally apart, and it is same as the prior art.A plurality of seismic sensors vertically are arranged on the sensor towing cable 4 separatedly, and the seismic event that causes in order to sensing first focus 2 and second focus 3 also produces corresponding first geological data and second geological data.
Be appreciated that ground, when left side focus was set at first focus 2, then the right focus was second focus 3; When the right focus was set at first focus 2, then left side focus was second focus 3.
Be appreciated that ground, seismic sensor can be the geophysics sensor known in the art of any kind.Can comprise the combination etc. of particle motion response seismic sensor, pressure-responsive seismic sensor, pressure time gradient response seismic sensor and the foregoing of seismoreceiver and accelerometer.
Fig. 2 is the system for acquiring seismic data synoptic diagram in the some embodiments of the invention.As seen from Figure 2, the double source seismic acquisition configuration that is used for offshore seismic exploration that survey vessel 1 adopts comprises position detecting device, excites control device, focus (comprising first focus 2 and second focus 3), seismic sensor and pen recorder.Wherein, position detecting device is in order to detect the current location of survey vessel 1 or focus.
Excite control device to comprise distance calculation module, gather starting position logging modle and excitation signal generation module.Wherein, distance calculation module is in order to calculate current location and the distance of last time gathering the starting position.Gather the starting position logging modle when reaching the predetermined first distance value S when this distance, the record current location is the collection starting position.The excitation signal generation module is when reaching the predetermined first distance value S when this distance, at least the predetermined minimum time interval that staggers in the second distance Δ S scope that begins forwards to travel from current location sends the excitation signal that excites first focus 2 and second focus 3 respectively.
The seismic event that seismic sensor causes in order to sensing first focus 2 and second focus 3 also produces corresponding first geological data and second geological data.
Pen recorder is in order to receiving first geological data and second geological data, and with first geological data and second seismic data recording in a recording channel.Also be provided with the instigated recordings module in the pen recorder, be used in the moment of explosive source, record be excited sign and the firing time of focus simultaneously, in order to first geological data and second geological data that records in the described recording channel carried out subsequent treatment.
Wherein, pen recorder is with to excite control device to remain clock synchronous.When and where in the time of can exciting with first focus 2 and second focus 3 with assurance every data that pen recorder was recorded is accurately corresponding.
As shown in Figure 3, be the epicenter excitation rule synoptic diagram in one embodiment of the invention, the data acquisition direction of survey vessel 1 is shown in arrow among Fig. 2, and W is for gathering the starting position.Survey vessel 1 in survey area along the direction of arrow, the S that whenever travels ± Δ S/2 rice, at random and stagger the time and excite first focus 2 and second focus 3.Wherein S is for default twice excites the distance (being called the first predetermined distance value) of being separated by between the operation according to the geology demand, is equivalent to this and gathers starting position and last time gathered distance between the starting position; Second distance Δ S is the interval of determining according to the zone of interest geological condition, and first focus 2 and second focus 3 are finished one-stop operation in this interval.For example, during as if the first distance value S=25 rice, can get second distance Δ S=2 rice; If during the first distance value S=18.75 rice, can get second distance Δ S=1.5 rice.Its concrete data will design according to the geology demand of survey area.
Further, survey vessel 1 is at the predetermined minimum time interval that staggers at least in the second distance Δ S scope to overtake of collection starting position, excite first focus 2 and second focus 3 respectively, and survey vessel 1 travelled time of second distance Δ S greater than this predetermined minimum time interval in survey area.Make in second distance Δ S scope, excite one of them focus after, predetermined minimum time interval at interval still has grace time to excite another focus again.Wherein Yu Ding minimum time interval is determined for the geology demand according to survey area.At this moment, detected seismic signal can go on record better.
Further, when exciting first focus 2 and second focus 3 respectively, record sign and the firing time of the focus that is excited simultaneously.Namely in explosive source, not only record excitation instant, what also record excited is first focus 2 or second focus 3.With convenient follow-up first geological data and the second geological data DATA PROCESSING to recording in the recording channel.
In a preferred embodiment, along the direction of arrow, during the random excitation focus, the epicenter excitation order can be selected at random in second distance Δ S scope in survey area for survey vessel 1.For example, the focus that survey vessel 1 excites earlier in a last second distance Δ S scope can be first focus 2, also can be second focus 3; The focus that excites earlier in next second distance Δ S scope can be second focus 3, also can be first focus 2.
Be appreciated that ground, along the direction of arrow, in second distance Δ S scope during the random excitation focus, also fixing epicenter excitation order namely always excites first focus 2 earlier in each second distance Δ S scope, excites second focus 3 again in survey area for survey vessel 1.
Fig. 4 shows the seismic data acquisition method in the some embodiments of the invention.Begun by steps A, current location is detected.Its steps A that comprises ' in judge: whether current location reaches the first distance value S with the distance of collection position last time.If judged result not, is then returned steps A; If yes, then enter step B.At step B, the record current location is this collection starting position, and in second distance Δ S at random and stagger the time and excite first focus 2 and second focus 3.Enter step C subsequently, detect the seismic signal at each seismic sensor place.Enter step D then, record detected seismic signal.So far one take turns earthquake data acquisition and finish, return steps A again, carry out the next round earthquake data acquisition.
Fig. 5 shows the instrument record seismic signal schematic diagram data in the some embodiments of the invention, and this record has comprised the original earthquake signal data that first focus 2 and second focus 3 excite.
For the marine seismic data acquisition system that has used the double source earthquake collection method for offshore seismic exploration of the present invention, as seen from Figure 3, the present invention program makes survey vessel 1 in identical operation in the time, the image data amount doubles, zone of interest data degree of covering doubles, deep layer data signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) improves as a result, and imaging effect improves.
Double source earthquake collection method for offshore seismic exploration of the present invention does not change existing open-air Seismic Operation ship subsea equipment traction mode, and towing apparatus is also identical under water.Realize double source random excitation efficiently by control air gun source firing time, the job execution cost is more less than conventional increase, only increases air gun inflation oil consumption expense.Survey vessel 1 in the time, can obtain the seismic data of twice in identical operation.Zone of interest data degree of covering doubles simultaneously, can improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismic data, and imaging effect is improved, and satisfies the demand of deep layer exploration.