CN103344525A - Method and device for testing effective viscosity of foams in pore medium - Google Patents
Method and device for testing effective viscosity of foams in pore medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN103344525A CN103344525A CN2013102680876A CN201310268087A CN103344525A CN 103344525 A CN103344525 A CN 103344525A CN 2013102680876 A CN2013102680876 A CN 2013102680876A CN 201310268087 A CN201310268087 A CN 201310268087A CN 103344525 A CN103344525 A CN 103344525A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for testing the effective viscosity of foams in a pore medium, belonging to the technical field of the test of the viscosity of the foams. The device for testing the effective viscosity of the foams in the pore medium comprises a sand filling model formed by a sand filling pipe, wherein a plurality of pressure gages are arranged on the sand filling model, an inlet of the sand filling model is respectively connected with a high-pressure gas cylinder, a foam system and a waste liquid bottle through a six-way valve, a constant-speed constant-flux pump is connected onto the foam system, a coal oil bottle is connected onto the constant-speed constant-flux pump, an outlet of the sand filling model is connected with an oil return valve, and the oil return valve is connected to a measuring cylinder. According to the method and the device for testing the effective viscosity of the foams in the pore medium, disclosed by the invention, the pressure distribution on the sand filling pipe is tested, as well as the level of the sealing capacity and the percolation characteristic and the rule of the foams in the pore medium are embodied due to the pressure change, so that the effective viscosity of the foam in each place of the sand filling pipe can be tested.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the determination techniques of foam viscosity, the determination techniques of especially a kind of foam virtual viscosity in pore media.
Background technology
Foam flooding to be applied in the exploitation of oil, earlier foam virtual viscosity in pore media be measured with regard to needs.At present, mensuration for fluid viscosity, be by fluid being placed in the container, carrying out the mensuration of viscosity then by viscosity measuring instrument, because the measurement range of viscosity measuring instrument is less, the each measurement needs with the naked eye to estimate earlier concentration of fluid, select the measuring instrument of OK range to measure then, this process is loaded down with trivial details relatively, if entry evaluation is inaccurate, then also need to reselect measuring instrument and measure, waste time and energy.In addition, the viscosity of the foam of being measured by viscosity measuring instrument is the apparent viscosity of foam, can not represent the practical viscosity of foam in pore media.The viscosity of foam is different from the viscosity of other fluids, because foam is in the oil reservoir pore media during seepage flow, because contraction and the expansion of pore constriction, cause the bubble interface deformation, cause that viscosity resistance increases, so foam actual virtual viscosity during seepage flow in pore media exists than big difference in itself with the apparent viscosity that records with viscosity measuring instrument, it is also much bigger that it measures difficulty.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is: at the problem of above-mentioned existence, assay method and the equipment of a kind of foam virtual viscosity in pore media are provided, by detecting the pressure distribution on the fill out sand tube, and change by pressure and to embody the size of foam shut-off capacity in pore media, seepage flow feature and the rule of foam, thereby detect foam in fill out sand tube virtual viscosity everywhere.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The sensing equipment of foam of the present invention virtual viscosity in pore media, comprise the sand-packed model that is formed by fill out sand tube, described sand-packed model is provided with some tensimeters, the entrance of described sand-packed model connects gas cylinder, foam system and waste liquid bottle respectively by six-way valve, connect the constant speed constant-flux pump on the described foam system, connect the kerosene bottle on the described constant speed constant-flux pump, the outlet of described sand-packed model connects oil return valve, and described oil return valve is connected to graduated cylinder.
Owing to adopted said structure, be filled with the reservoir sand of simulated formation in the fill out sand tube, and some tensimeters that the sand-packed model that forms at fill out sand tube arranges, can be used for detecting the force value of diverse location in the sand-packed model, thereby can observe the pressure substep in the sand-packed model, variation by pressure, can explain foam shut-off capacity in pore media, seepage flow feature and the rule of foam, therefore need alternately be injected into frothing agent and gas in the sand-packed model, also namely need connect gas cylinder and foam system at the entrance of sand-packed model, because in input process, owing to reasons such as low temperature, may produce waste liquid, therefore also need at the entrance of sand-packed model waste liquid bottle to be set, therefore can be with gas cylinder, foam system and waste liquid bottle are connected to by six-way valve on the entrance of sand-packed model, and the foam that provides for foam system reaches requirement, need between the kerosene bottle that is connected on the foam system, the constant speed constant-flux pump be set, thereby can provide kerosene to foam system evenly.
The sensing equipment of foam of the present invention virtual viscosity in pore media, wherein said sand-packed model mainly is made up of fill out sand tube and miscellaneous part.The diameter of fill out sand tube is 38mm, and long 2000mm, the length direction of described fill out sand tube are provided with 4 tensimeters, lays respectively at the fill out sand tube inlet end between the endpiece of fill out sand tube.
The assay method of foam of the present invention virtual viscosity in pore media comprises:
Step 1, sand-packed model is connected each parts;
Step 2, sand-packed model is evacuated to-the 720mmHg post, and control uniform temperature value;
Step 3, begin water drive with certain injection rate, measure and the permeability of record sand-packed model, select simulated formation water and clear water for use;
Step 4, frothing agent and gas alternately are injected in the sand-packed model, select the frothing agent of certain effect concentration for use, gas is selected the air of certain pressure for use;
Each manometric reading on step 5, the record sand-packed model, and when calculating certain gas/liquid ratio and being λ, foam is in the virtual viscosity at sand-packed model diverse location place, its computing formula is:
Wherein: μ
xBe virtual viscosity, λ is gas/liquid ratio, and L is sand-packed model length, and x is the ratio that accounts for sand-packed model length apart from the distance of sand-packed model head end position, 0≤x≤1, and z is the gas compressibility factor, v
0Be foam seepage line speed,
Be factor of porosity, p is pressure, and K is permeability.
Owing to adopted said method, sand-packed model to be evacuated to-the 720mmHg post saturable local water; Control the uniform temperature value simultaneously, guarantee that whole experimental situation is in constant temperature, temperature conditions under the simulated formation, be convenient to foam by behind this sand-packed model, can embody the situation under the stratum truly, thereby can detect foam virtual viscosity in pore media effectively, make testing result more accurate; Before formally carrying out the mensuration of foam virtual viscosity, need measure the permeability of sand-packed model, in order not influence the mensuration of follow-up foam virtual viscosity of carrying out, therefore select for use simulated formation water and clear water to carry out water drive with certain injection rate, thereby can predict the permeability of this sand-packed model, make that the permeability to sand-packed model detects under the situation of specified permeability, avoid the permeability of sand-packed model to measuring the influence that the foam virtual viscosity is brought; After having determined permeability, carry out the mensuration of foam virtual viscosity again, need alternately inject the air of frothing agent and certain pressure in the sand-packed model, wherein gas/liquid ratio is λ, gas and frothing agent form foam in sand-packed model, begin to form foam flooding, selection for concentrations of foam and foaming agent kind, can decide according to the situation of actual detected, make this method applicable to the detection under the variable concentrations of the foaming agent of multiple kind, applied widely, can in sand-packed model, form multiple different foam, can detect the virtual viscosity that it has; Foaming agent and water are injected into after the sand-packed model, in sand-packed model, form foam, foam is constantly vanished and regeneration during seepage flow in pore media, and it has very high virtual viscosity and virtual viscosity during seepage flow and raises with the increase of medium factor of porosity in porous medium, thereby foam can constantly stop up water wherein in pore media, foam constantly advances, can drive the oil in the sand-packed model, thereby oil is displaced from sand-packed model, wherein the shut-off capacity of foam has also just embodied the size of its oil-displacement capacity, and shut-off capacity mainly is to be embodied in foam to be adhered to ability on the layer of sand in the sand-packed model, it also is the virtual viscosity of foam, therefore need to measure the virtual viscosity of foam, can embody by measuring foam driving force to oil in sand-packed model, the present invention just is being based on this principle, by putting in the length of sand-packed model some tensimeters are set, thereby the force value to diverse location on the sand-packed model is measured, through accurately calculating, can calculate foam in the virtual viscosity at sand-packed model diverse location place again.The present invention is by detecting the pressure distribution on the fill out sand tube, and change by pressure and to embody the size of foam shut-off capacity in pore media, seepage flow feature and the rule of foam, thereby detect foam in fill out sand tube virtual viscosity everywhere, method is very easy, and the result of the virtual viscosity of detected foam is more accurate.
The assay method of foam of the present invention virtual viscosity in pore media in the step 5, is supposed gas-liquid in pore media during seepage flow, is completed into foam and is a homogeneous phase; Suppose in the flow event that the foam chemical property remains unchanged; Ignore expansion of liquids.
During seepage flow, it is less to become the possibility that diminishes greatly in pore media for foam, therefore avoid the suddenly big or suddenly small influence that measurement result is caused of foam, this method to set that foam is a homogeneous phase in the whole process, ignore bubble and change the influence that causes; The chemical property of foam changes to the influence of its viscosity greatly, therefore all adopt the foam expelling water in the whole process, avoided the variation of foam chemical property, the viscosity that guarantees foam is constant, simultaneously in the process of whole foam flooding, the gas swelling property is bigger, and the swelling property of liquid is then less, therefore can ignore its expansile influence fully.
The assay method of foam of the present invention virtual viscosity in pore media in the step 2, is evacuated to sand-packed model-the 720mmHg post, and the control temperature value is 90 ℃; Selecting effective concentration in the step 4 for use is 0.5% frothing agent, and it is the air of 15MPa that gas is selected pressure for use.
Owing to adopted said method, wherein need control temperature value is 90 ℃, thus the condition of simulation well sub-surface high temperature, and sand-packed model is evacuated to-the 720mmHg post, can be with saturated local water; Can be that 0.5% frothing agent is measured its virtual viscosity in pore media to imitating concentration in addition, certain the method according to this invention, can also measure the foam of other type, virtual viscosity under the variable concentrations situation, the pressure of air is 15MPa in addition, can impel foaming agent to form foam in sand-packed model, wherein controlling gas/liquid ratio is λ, set according to actual needs, therefore can detect the virtual viscosity of foam in pore media under different operating modes, its method is simple and efficient.
In sum, owing to adopted technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, assay method and the equipment of foam of the present invention virtual viscosity in pore media, by detecting the pressure distribution on the fill out sand tube, and change by pressure and to embody the size of foam shut-off capacity in pore media, seepage flow feature and the rule of foam, thereby detect foam in fill out sand tube virtual viscosity everywhere.
Description of drawings
The present invention will illustrate by example and with reference to the mode of accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the equipment of measuring the foam virtual viscosity among the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that linear velocity influences the signal table to the seepage flow feature among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the viscosity number signal table at rock core diverse location place among the present invention.
Mark among the figure: 1-gas cylinder, 2-kerosene bottle, 3-constant speed constant-flux pump, 4-waste liquid bottle, 5-six-way valve, 6-fill out sand tube, 7-foam system, 8-check valve, 9-graduated cylinder.
Embodiment
Disclosed all features in this instructions, or the step in disclosed all methods or the process except mutually exclusive feature and/or step, all can make up by any way.
Disclosed arbitrary feature in this instructions (comprising any accessory claim, summary) is unless special narration all can be replaced by other equivalences or the alternative features with similar purpose.That is, unless special narration, each feature is an example in a series of equivalences or the similar characteristics.
As shown in Figure 1, the sensing equipment of foam of the present invention virtual viscosity in pore media, it is characterized in that: it comprises the sand-packed model that is formed by fill out sand tube 6, described sand-packed model is provided with some tensimeters, the entrance of described sand-packed model connects gas cylinder 1, foam system 7 and waste liquid bottle 4 respectively by six-way valve 5, connect constant speed constant-flux pump 3 on the described foam system 7, connect kerosene bottle 2 on the described constant speed constant-flux pump 3, the outlet of described sand-packed model connects oil return valve 8, and described oil return valve 8 is connected to graduated cylinder 9.The diameter 38mm of wherein said sand-packed model, long 2000mm, the length direction of described fill out sand tube 6 are provided with 4 tensimeters, lay respectively at fill out sand tube 6 inlet ends between the endpiece of fill out sand tube 6.
The assay method of foam of the present invention virtual viscosity in pore media comprises:
Step 1, sand-packed model is connected each parts;
Step 2, sand-packed model is evacuated to-the 720mmHg post, and control uniform temperature value, be chosen to be 90 ° of C in this example;
Step 3, begin water drive with certain injection rate, measure and the permeability of record sand-packed model, select simulated formation water and clear water for use;
Step 4, frothing agent and gas alternately are injected in the sand-packed model, select the frothing agent of certain effect concentration for use, gas is selected the air of certain pressure for use; In this example, selecting effective concentration for use is 0.5% frothing agent, and it is the air of 15MPa that gas is selected pressure for use.
Step 5, supposition gas-liquid are completed into foam and are a homogeneous phase in pore media during seepage flow; Suppose in the flow event that the foam chemical property remains unchanged; Ignore expansion of liquids; Each manometric reading on the record sand-packed model, and when calculating certain gas/liquid ratio and being λ, foam is in the virtual viscosity at sand-packed model diverse location place, its computing formula is:
Wherein: μ
xBe virtual viscosity, λ is gas/liquid ratio, and L is sand-packed model length, and x is the ratio that accounts for sand-packed model length apart from the distance of sand-packed model head end position, 0≤x≤1, and z is the gas compressibility factor, v
0Be foam seepage line speed,
Be factor of porosity, p is pressure, and K is permeability.
The assay method of foam of the present invention virtual viscosity in pore media is supposed gas-liquid in pore media during seepage flow, is completed into foam and is a homogeneous phase.Simultaneously, suppose that further in the flow event, the foam chemical property remains unchanged.Then can utilize Darcy formula to describe:
Wherein, △ P is rock core two ends pressure reduction, and Q is flow.
Formed by gas-liquid two-phase because of foam, then have
Q
f＝Q
l+Q
g (2)
Q
fBe foam flow, Q
lBe fluid flow in the foam, Q
gBe fluid flow in the foam.
During seepage flow, sand-packed model is the pressure difference everywhere in sand-packed model for foam, but the gas composition in the foam has swelling property, so fill out sand tube gas flow difference, i.e. gas flow Q everywhere
gVariation with pressure P changes.
According to the equation of gas state, have
PV＝znRT (3)
Z is the gas compressibility factor in the formula.
Because gas volume is directly proportional with flow, so have
z
xP
0Q
g0＝z
0P
xQ
gx (4)
P
0, Q
G0Be pressure and the gas flow in fill out sand tube centre position, P
x, Q
GxBe pressure and the gas flow (0≤x≤1) of position, distance fill out sand tube model head end xL length place, L is the fill out sand tube model length.z
0, z
xCompressibility factor for gas under the diverse location pressure.
If injecting fill out sand tube foam solution gas liquid ratio is λ, is λ at fill out sand tube top foam gas liquid ratio then, i.e. Qg0:Ql0=λ: 1, then have
Ql0 is for injecting fill out sand tube top liquid fluid flow, Q
G0Be top gas flow, Q
0For foam solution injects flow.
Ignore expansion of liquids, so have at fill out sand tube everywhere
Q
lx＝Q
l0 (6)
Solved by formula (4) (5) (6)
To get in formula (7) the substitution formula (2)
The relational expression of flow and percolation flow velocity is
v
0Be foam seepage line speed, φ is factor of porosity.
To have in formula (8) (9) substitution (1):
Like this, foam is in the virtual viscosity at fill out sand tube model diverse location place in the time of can calculating certain gas/liquid ratio.
Testing used gas liquid ratio is 1.2:1, is ideal gas so λ=1.2. hypothesis gas is arranged, and gets z
x=1.
When seepage line speed is 0.6m/d, records data fitting according to experiment and go out pressure to change formula with the fill out sand tube modal position as follows:
P
x＝6.9-1.96x (11)
In like manner, when the injection linear velocity is 1.0m/d, 2m/d and 3m/d, can simulate following formula according to experimental data:
P
x＝8.1-3.2x (12)
P
x＝8.62-3.68x (13)
P
x＝9-4.08x (14)
With formula (11) and λ=1.2, z
xIn=1 substitution formula (10), can obtain when injecting linear velocity and being 0.6m/d, foam system is at the virtual viscosity μ at distance injection side diverse location place
EffectivelyFormula:
In like manner, have when linear velocity is 1.0m/d, 2m/d and 3m/d when injecting:
Calculate under the different percolation flow velocities foam at fill out sand tube virtual viscosity, wherein μ everywhere according to above-mentioned formula
1, μ
2, μ
3And μ
4Refer to from the fill out sand tube inlet end to be the virtual viscosity μ of 1/4,1/2,3/4 fill out sand tube length and fill out sand tube endpiece respectively
Effectively
Fig. 2 has provided the test findings of fill out sand tube model foam flooding linear velocity to pressure and resistance coefficient influence, and back-up sand pipe range 2m, volume of voids are 800mL, and factor of porosity is 35.3%, and permeability is 441 * 10-3 μ m2.P1 and P4 are fill out sand tube head and the tail tensimeter registration, and P2 and P3 then are two manometric registrations in the middle of the fill out sand tube, at a distance of 1m, are 0.5m all apart from head and the tail two ends distance between two tensimeters.
Formula in according to the present invention calculates under the different percolation flow velocities foam in fill out sand tube virtual viscosity everywhere, as shown in Figure 3, wherein μ 1, μ 2, μ 3 and μ 4 refer to from the fill out sand tube inlet end to be that the virtual viscosity μ of 1/4,1/2,3/4 fill out sand tube length and fill out sand tube endpiece is effective respectively.
According to its value as seen, after gas-liquid two-phase entered fill out sand tube, virtual viscosity μ was effectively along with the increase of fill out sand tube length reduces gradually.This is because foam when migrating in fill out sand tube, and the formation speed of foam always less than the disappearance speed of foam, causes foam volume to reduce gradually, so viscosity reduces gradually.At fill out sand tube same position place, after injection rate surpassed critical lather quickness, injection rate was more little, and foam viscosity is more big, and virtual viscosity μ effectively reduces along with the increase of percolation flow velocity.
Assay method and the equipment of foam of the present invention virtual viscosity in pore media, by detecting the pressure distribution on the fill out sand tube, and change by pressure and to embody the size of foam shut-off capacity in pore media, seepage flow feature and the rule of foam, thereby detect foam in fill out sand tube virtual viscosity everywhere.
The present invention is not limited to aforesaid embodiment.The present invention expands to any new feature or any new combination that discloses in this manual, and the arbitrary new method that discloses or step or any new combination of process.
Claims (5)
1. the sensing equipment of foam virtual viscosity in pore media, it is characterized in that: it comprises the sand-packed model that is formed by fill out sand tube (6), described sand-packed model is provided with some tensimeters, the entrance of described sand-packed model connects gas cylinder (1), foam system (7) and waste liquid bottle (4) respectively by six-way valve (5), described foam system (7) is gone up and is connected constant speed constant-flux pump (3), described constant speed constant-flux pump (3) is gone up and is connected kerosene bottle (2), the outlet of described sand-packed model connects oil return valve (8), and described oil return valve (8) is connected to graduated cylinder (9).
2. the sensing equipment of foam as claimed in claim 1 virtual viscosity in pore media, it is characterized in that: wherein said sand-packed model is made up of the fill out sand tube (6) of two parallel connections, the diameter 38mm of a fill out sand tube (6) wherein, long 2000mm; The diameter 50.8cm of another fill out sand tube (6), long is 1300mm, the length direction of described fill out sand tube (6) is provided with 4 tensimeters, lays respectively at fill out sand tube (6) inlet end between the endpiece of fill out sand tube (6).
3. one kind is adopted the described sensing equipment of claim 2 to the assay method of foam virtual viscosity in pore media, and it is characterized in that: it comprises:
Step 1, sand-packed model is connected each parts;
Step 2, sand-packed model is evacuated to-the 720mmHg post, and control uniform temperature value;
Step 3, begin water drive with certain injection rate, measure and the permeability of record sand-packed model, select simulated formation water and clear water for use;
Step 4, frothing agent and gas alternately are injected in the sand-packed model, select the frothing agent of certain effect concentration for use, gas is selected the air of certain pressure for use;
Each manometric reading on step 5, the record sand-packed model, and when calculating certain gas/liquid ratio and being λ, foam is in the virtual viscosity at sand-packed model diverse location place, its computing formula is:
Wherein: μ
xBe virtual viscosity, λ is gas/liquid ratio, and L is sand-packed model length, and x is the ratio that accounts for sand-packed model length apart from the distance of sand-packed model head end position, 0≤x≤1, and z is the gas compressibility factor, v
0Be foam seepage line speed,
Be factor of porosity, p is pressure, and K is permeability.
4. the assay method of foam as claimed in claim 3 virtual viscosity in pore media is characterized in that:
In the step 5, suppose gas-liquid in pore media during seepage flow, be completed into foam and be a homogeneous phase;
Suppose in the flow event that the foam chemical property remains unchanged; Ignore expansion of liquids.
5. the assay method of foam as claimed in claim 3 virtual viscosity in pore media is characterized in that:
In the step 2, sand-packed model is evacuated to-the 720mmHg post, and the control temperature value is 90 ℃; Selecting effective concentration in the step 4 for use is 0.5% frothing agent, and it is the air of 15MPa that gas is selected pressure for use.
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| CN104949899A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-09-30 | 重庆科技学院 | Method for measuring effective viscosity of oil displacing polymer in porous medium |
| CN108169071A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-06-15 | 北京科技大学 | Oil viscosity detection device under a kind of ultra-high voltage environment |
| CN109252840A (en) * | 2018-11-17 | 2019-01-22 | 长安大学 | Device and method based on the raising thin heavy oil recovery ratio that Gelled Foam on Production drives |
| CN110006788A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-12 | 西南石油大学 | In the device and method of porous media gas-water interface measurement water shutoff agent spreading property |
| CN110658107A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Foam viscosity measuring device and method |
| CN111783310A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-16 | 成都理工大学 | Method for determining natural gas deviation factor by using static temperature and static pressure test data of gas well |
| CN112839816A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2021-05-25 | 株式会社富士 | Screen printing machine |
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| CN104949899A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-09-30 | 重庆科技学院 | Method for measuring effective viscosity of oil displacing polymer in porous medium |
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| CN112839816A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2021-05-25 | 株式会社富士 | Screen printing machine |
| CN109252840A (en) * | 2018-11-17 | 2019-01-22 | 长安大学 | Device and method based on the raising thin heavy oil recovery ratio that Gelled Foam on Production drives |
| CN110006788A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-12 | 西南石油大学 | In the device and method of porous media gas-water interface measurement water shutoff agent spreading property |
| CN110006788B (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2023-12-12 | 西南石油大学 | Device and method for measuring spreadability of water shutoff agent at porous medium air-water interface |
| CN110658107A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Foam viscosity measuring device and method |
| CN111783310A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-16 | 成都理工大学 | Method for determining natural gas deviation factor by using static temperature and static pressure test data of gas well |
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