CN103341613B - The preparation method of the precast body of ceramet composite wear-resistant part - Google Patents
The preparation method of the precast body of ceramet composite wear-resistant part Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of precast body of ceramet composite wear-resistant part, it is characterized in that: complete in accordance with the following steps: (1), by ceramic grain surface nickel plating, the thickness of described nickel coating is 10-200um, and described ceramic particle is particle diameter is 0.5-3.0mm; (2) solid paraffin and oleic acid heating, is got, after melted paraffin wax, add ceramic particle and self-fluxing alloy powder wherein, then be fully uniformly mixed at 60-100 DEG C and obtain mixed material, mixing time is greater than 2h, and wherein, the quality of atoleine is the 10%-30% of ceramic particle quality, the quality of described oleic acid is the 3%-5% of Quality of Paraffin Waxes, and the quality of self-fluxing alloy powder is the 15%-50% of ceramic particle quality.(3), the material mixed is added extrusion molding in plunger type extrusion shaping machine and obtain preform blank; (4), preform blank is imbedded alumina powder jointed in, put into draft glue discharging furnace binder removal, discharge the organic matter in base substrate, then sintering obtains precast body, and the temperature of sintering is lower than the melt temperature of self-fluxing alloy.<pb pnum="1" />
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wearing composite material technical field, particularly a kind of preparation method of precast body of ceramic particle reinforced metal composite wear-resistant part.
Background technology
Wearing and tearing are that prefabricated component produces the most basic a kind of type lost efficacy, and are prevalent in metallurgy at present, many industries such as mine, thermoelectricity, machinery, cement, colliery.Which results in the huge consumption of raw-material significant wastage and the energy, according to incompletely statistics, China consumes metal wear resistant material every year up to more than 5,000,000 tons.The anti-wear performance of visible raising plant equipment and parts, effectively can reduce the consumption of the energy, also can raise labour productivity.
For above-mentioned situation, someone carries and metal and pottery is made composite, and ceramic-metal composites is a kind of advanced composite material (ACM) toughness combination of the high abrasion of pottery, high rigidity performance and metal material got up.The ceramic-metal composite that present China uses, mainly through external import, the ceramic-metal composite that China produces, its performance compared with imported product, also has a certain distance in present stage.No matter domestic or external ceramic-metal composite, its main technique principle is the method manufacture relying on ceramic particle reinforced metal material.
At present, most study be with aluminium oxide, carborundum, tungsten carbide ceramics particles is aggregate, and alloy powder or matrix self-fluxing alloy powder are filler, selects a kind suitable binding agent etc., compressing, makes preform, then dries, sinters and obtain precast body.
Summary of the invention
For solving above technical problem, the object of the present invention is to provide one can realize continuous seepage, efficient stable, base substrate has a large amount of holes, parent metal liquid can be made to infiltrate better, ceramic particle be wrapped evenly, the preparation method of the precast body of the intensity of composite wear-resistant part that obtains of casting and the higher ceramic particle reinforced metal composite abrasion resistance material of wearability.
The present invention seeks to realize like this: a kind of preparation method of precast body of ceramet composite wear-resistant part, is characterized in that: complete in accordance with the following steps:
(1), by ceramic grain surface nickel plating, the thickness of described nickel coating is 10-200um, and described ceramic particle particle diameter is 0.5-3.0mm;
(2) solid paraffin and oleic acid heating, is got, after melted paraffin wax, add ceramic particle and self-fluxing alloy powder wherein, then be fully uniformly mixed at 60-100 DEG C and obtain mixed material, mixing time is greater than 2h, and wherein, the quality of described atoleine is the 10%-30% of ceramic particle quality, the quality of described oleic acid is the 3%-5% of Quality of Paraffin Waxes, and the quality of described self-fluxing alloy powder is the 10%-50% of ceramic particle quality.
(3), the material mixed is added extrusion molding in plunger type extrusion shaping machine and obtain preform blank;
(4), preform blank is imbedded alumina powder jointed in, put into draft glue discharging furnace binder removal, discharge the organic matter in base substrate, take out base substrate, then sintering obtains precast body.
Adopt technique scheme, the mobile performance of ceramic particle is made to meet the needs extruded by the interpolation of paraffin and oleic acid, overcome the prefabricated component of current ceramic particle reinforced metal high-abrasive material because ceramic particle particle diameter is comparatively large and can only lean on compressing, the defect by extruder for shaping cannot be realized, realize continuous seepage, production efficiency is high, quick, stable.Obtained precast body obtains some strength by organic solidifications such as paraffin, after binder removal process, discharges organic matter, base substrate has a large amount of holes, parent metal liquid can be made to infiltrate better, ceramic particle be wrapped evenly, the intensity of composite wear-resistant part that obtains of casting and wearability higher.Ceramic particle adopts Nickel Plating Treatment, adds self-fluxing alloy powder simultaneously, makes between ceramic particle and ceramic particle and parent metal liquid have enough good adhesive strength.When can also be reduced in casting matrix molten metal, to the thermal shock of ceramic material itself, anti-cracking.
In technique scheme: described self-fluxing alloy powder is alumel powder or aluminium copper powder or alusil alloy powder.
In technique scheme: described ceramic particle is respectively the mixture of three kinds of ceramic particles of 0.5-1.0mm, 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-3.0mm by particle diameter, their mass ratio is 2-3: 4-6: 2-3.Adopt the grating of the ceramic particle of three kinds of different size particle size range; after bulky grain and granule mixing, ceramic particle is more evenly distributed, combine better, compactness better, raising mobility; both facilitated shaping, turn improved impact resistance and the wearability of prefabricated component.
In technique scheme: in step (2), be also added with the plasticizer tributyl phosphate of the plasticizer stearic acid of 0%-5% or the plasticizer phthalic acid dibutyl ester of 0%-5% or 0%-5%.
In technique scheme: in step (3), extrusion pressure is 3-20Mpa.Extrusion pressure is low.
In technique scheme: described dump temperature is 200-500 DEG C, constant temperature 20-30 hour, all get rid of with organic matter and be as the criterion.
In technique scheme: described sintering temperature is 650-1100 DEG C, sintering time 4-5 hour.
In technique scheme: described ceramic particle is at least one in carborundum, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, aluminium oxide, ZTA ceramic particle.
Beneficial effect: the present invention is intended to utilize novel forming technology, convenient, efficiently obtained ceramic performs.Adopt thermoplastic extrusion forming technique to prepare prefabricated blank, the production efficiency of extrusion technology is high, can realize continuous seepage.Obtained precast body obtains some strength by organic solidifications such as paraffin, and after getting rid of organic matter by large-scale oven dry binder removal equipment, base substrate has a large amount of holes, and parent metal liquid can be made better to infiltrate.Ceramic particle adopts Nickel Plating Treatment in advance, makes ceramic particle and metallic matrix have enough good adhesion strength.Obtained by this method that the compactness of ceramic performs is good, stable performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated:
Exemplifying embodiment 1
1, zirconia ceramics particle granularity being respectively 0.5-1.0mm, 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-3.0mm plates by the method for chemical nickel plating the metallic nickel that a layer thickness is about 10um from the teeth outwards, then be respectively the ratio weighing ceramic particle of zirconia ceramics granular mass than 2: 6: 2 of 0.5-1.0mm, 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-3.0mm in granularity, mix.The process of described nickel plating comprises the process of surface treatment and plating.
Surface treatment comprises following 5 steps:
(1), oil removing: soak after 10-35min through absolute alcohol solution, with after deionized water wash clean under ul-trasonic irradiation, make the complete oil removing of ceramic grain surface, more naturally dry.
(2), alligatoring: under ul-trasonic irradiation, under normal temperature by hydrofluoric acid dips, make ceramic grain surface alligatoring.
(3), sensitization: with the sensitized solution soak at room temperature 4-6min containing what hydrochloric acid of stannous chloride dihydrate under ultrasonic wave.
(4), activation: under ultrasonic wave, adopt the solution of chloride containing palladium and hydrochloric acid to activate ceramic grain surface.
(5), reduction: under ultrasonic wave, adopt the Pd that sodium hypophosphite solution reduction ceramic grain surface is residual
2+, soak at room temperature 3-5 minute, then uses washed with de-ionized water, naturally dries.
Surface treated ceramic particle is put into nickel-plating liquid, under continuous stirring, be 4.0-5.0 by acetic acid/sodium-acetate buffer adjusted to ph, temperature 80-90 DEG C, plating 1-1.5h, the component of nickel-plating liquid can be nickelous sulfate 20-30g/L, sodium hypophosphite 20-30g/L, lactic acid 7-9m L/L, ammonium molybdate 10-35mg L.
2, with on the batch mixer of heater, add solid paraffin and oleic acid respectively, the addition of paraffin is 10% of pottery granular mass, and oleic acid addition is 5% of Quality of Paraffin Waxes.After melted paraffin wax, add ceramic particle and self-fluxing alloy powder alumel powder, the quality of self-fluxing alloy powder is 15% of ceramic particle quality, is then uniformly mixed at 60 DEG C of temperature, and incorporation time must not be less than 2 hours.
3, pour in plunger-type extruder by the material mixed, extrude pressure with 3-20Mpa, extruded, after organic matter cooling curing, the demoulding obtains preform blank.
4, obtained base substrate imbed alumina powder jointed in, put into vacuum draft glue discharging furnace, 500 DEG C of constant temperature 20 hours, until organic matter is all got rid of.After organic matter is got rid of, take out base substrate, then at 700 DEG C, sinter 5 hours.Cooling is come out of the stove, and obtains precast body.
Exemplifying embodiment 2
1, granularity is respectively the method nickel plating of alumina ceramic grain according to embodiment 1 of 0.5-1.0mm, 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-3.0mm, nickel plating layer thick is about 200um, then the ratio of 3: 4: 3 weighs the ceramic particle of above-mentioned three kinds of particle diameters in mass ratio, mixes.
2, with on the batch mixer of heater, add solid paraffin and oleic acid respectively, the addition of paraffin is 30% of pottery granular mass, and oleic acid addition is 3% of Quality of Paraffin Waxes.After melted paraffin wax, add ceramic particle and self-fluxing alloy powder aluminium copper powder, the quality of described self-fluxing alloy powder is 50% of ceramic particle quality, is then uniformly mixed at 60-100 DEG C of temperature, and incorporation time must not be less than 2 hours.
3, pour in plunger-type extruder by the grog mixed, extrude pressure with 3-20Mpa, extruded, after organic matter cooling curing, the demoulding obtains preform blank.
4, obtained base substrate imbed alumina powder jointed in, put into vacuum draft glue discharging furnace, 200 DEG C of constant temperature 30 hours, until organic matter is all got rid of.After organic matter is got rid of, take out base substrate, then sinter 4 hours at 650 DEG C.Cooling is come out of the stove, and obtains precast body.
Exemplifying embodiment 3
1, by granularity be the ZTA ceramic particle (zirconia accounts for 30%) of 0.5-1.0mm, 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-3.0mm.Plate according to the mode of embodiment 1 metallic nickel that a layer thickness is about 50um from the teeth outwards, the ratio of ZTA ceramic particle quality than 3: 5: 2 being then 0.5-1.0mm, 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-3.0mm in granularity weighs ceramic particle, mixes.
2, with on the batch mixer of heater, add solid paraffin and oleic acid respectively, the addition of paraffin is 20% of pottery granular mass, and oleic acid addition is 4% of Quality of Paraffin Waxes.After melted paraffin wax, add the ceramic particle through heating and self-fluxing alloy powder alusil alloy powder, the quality of described self-fluxing alloy powder is 25% of ceramic particle quality.Then be uniformly mixed at 60-100 DEG C of temperature, incorporation time must not be less than 2 hours.
3, pour in plunger-type extruder by the material mixed, extrude pressure with 3-20Mpa, extruded, after organic matter cooling curing, the demoulding obtains preform blank.
4, obtained base substrate imbed alumina powder jointed in, put into vacuum draft glue discharging furnace, 450 DEG C of constant temperature 25 hours, until organic matter is all got rid of.After organic matter is got rid of, take out base substrate, then at 720 DEG C, sinter 4.5 hours.Cooling is come out of the stove, and obtains precast body.
Exemplifying embodiment 4
1, by granularity be alumina ceramic grain and the tungsten carbide ceramics particles of 0.5-1.0mm, 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-3.0mm.The gross mass of described tungsten carbide ceramics particles is 1: 1 with the ratio of the gross mass of alumina ceramic grain.The metallic nickel that a layer thickness is about 60um is plated from the teeth outwards according to the mode of embodiment 1; then be the ratio weighing ceramic particle of the alumina ceramic grain mass ratio 2: 5: 3 of 0.5-1.0mm, 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-3.0mm in granularity, be that the ratio weighing ceramic particle of the tungsten carbide ceramics particles mass ratio 2: 5: 3 of 0.5-1.0mm, 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-3.0mm mixes in granularity simultaneously.
2, with on the batch mixer of heater, add solid paraffin and oleic acid respectively, the addition of paraffin is 20% of pottery granular mass, and oleic acid addition is 4% of Quality of Paraffin Waxes.After melted paraffin wax, add the ceramic particle through heating and self-fluxing alloy powder alusil alloy powder, the quality of described self-fluxing alloy powder is 25% of ceramic particle quality.Then be uniformly mixed at 60-100 DEG C of temperature, incorporation time must not be less than 2 hours.
3, pour in plunger-type extruder by the material mixed, extrude pressure with 3-20Mpa, extruded, after organic matter cooling curing, the demoulding obtains preform blank.
4, obtained base substrate imbed alumina powder jointed in, put into vacuum draft glue discharging furnace, 450 DEG C of constant temperature 25 hours, until organic matter is all got rid of.After organic matter is got rid of, take out base substrate, then at 720 DEG C, sinter 4.5 hours.Cooling is come out of the stove, and obtains precast body.
Other steps of exemplifying embodiment 5 are identical with embodiment 1, unlike also add in step 2 ceramic particle quality 0.5% stearic acid.
Other steps of embodiment 6 are identical with embodiment 2, unlike also add in step 2 ceramic particle quality 0.2% dibutyl phthalate.
Other steps of embodiment 7-9 are identical with embodiment 1 respectively, unlike, the addition of paraffin is respectively 9%, 8%, 5% of ceramic particle quality, the amount of oleic acid is respectively 3%, 2%, 1% of paraffin amount, their extrusion pressure of result is much larger than 20Mpa, embodiment 7 can be extruded substantially, and embodiment 8 and 9 can not well realize extruding from extruder.
Embodiment 10-12, other steps are identical with embodiment 1, unlike, the addition of paraffin is respectively 32%, 40%, 50% of ceramic particle quality, and the amount of oleic acid is respectively 3%, 5%, 1% of paraffin amount, and acetonideexample 10 and 11 is taken out after binder removal, combination between ceramic particle and ceramic particle is poor, bonding bad, compactness is poor, occurs the phenomenon of cracking when casting matrix molten metal.The precast body that embodiment 12 obtains ftractures when casting matrix molten metal.
The present invention is not limited to specific embodiment, embodiment just to further description of the present invention, ceramic particle of the present invention can adopt in carborundum, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, aluminium oxide, ZTA ceramic particle any one or combine.Described self-fluxing alloy powder can be any one in al-ni alloy powder end or aluminium copper powder or alusil alloy powder, the self-fluxing alloy powder of melt temperature in 650-1100 DEG C that also can not be enumerated to for the present invention.Every any improvement done on present inventive concept all falls in scope in a word.
Claims (8)
1. a preparation method for the precast body of ceramet composite wear-resistant part, is characterized in that: complete in accordance with the following steps:
(1), by ceramic grain surface nickel plating, the thickness of described nickel coating is 10-200 μm, and described ceramic particle particle diameter is 0.5-3.0mm;
(2) solid paraffin and oleic acid heating, is got, after melted paraffin wax, add ceramic particle and self-fluxing alloy powder wherein, then be fully uniformly mixed at 60-100 DEG C and obtain mixed material, mixing time is greater than 2h, and wherein, the quality of described solid paraffin is the 10%-30% of ceramic particle quality, the quality of described oleic acid is the 3%-5% of Quality of Paraffin Waxes, and the quality of described self-fluxing alloy powder is the 10%-50% of ceramic particle quality;
(3), the material mixed is added extrusion molding in plunger type extrusion shaping machine and obtain preform blank;
(4), preform blank is imbedded alumina powder jointed in, put into draft glue discharging furnace binder removal, discharge the organic matter in base substrate, take out base substrate, then sintering obtains precast body.
2. the preparation method of the precast body of ceramet composite wear-resistant part according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described self-fluxing alloy powder is alumel powder or aluminium copper powder or alusil alloy powder.
3. the preparation method of the precast body of ceramet composite wear-resistant part according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ceramic particle is respectively the mixture of three kinds of ceramic particles of 0.5-1.0mm, 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-3.0mm by particle diameter, their mass ratio is 2-3:4-6:2-3.
4. the preparation method of the precast body of ceramet composite wear-resistant part according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: in step (2), be also added with the plasticizer stearic acid that is less than ceramic particle quality 5% or be less than the plasticizer phthalic acid dibutyl ester of ceramic particle quality 5% or be less than the plasticizer tributyl phosphate of ceramic particle quality 5%.
5. the preparation method of the precast body of ceramet composite wear-resistant part according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that: in step (3), extrusion pressure is 3-20MPa.
6. the preparation method of the precast body of ceramet composite wear-resistant part according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that: described dump temperature is 200-500 DEG C, constant temperature 20-30 hour, all gets rid of be as the criterion with organic matter.
7. the preparation method of the precast body of ceramet composite wear-resistant part according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that: described sintering temperature is 650-1100 DEG C, sintering time 4-5 hour.
8. the preparation method of the precast body of ceramet composite wear-resistant part according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that: described ceramic particle is at least one in carborundum, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, aluminium oxide, ZTA ceramic particle.
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| CN104692803B (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2017-07-21 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | The preparation method of wearing composite material precast body |
| CN104707972B (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2018-01-30 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of preparation method of composite wear-resistant part |
| CN107058739B (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2018-08-07 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of hypereutectic al-si composite material and its manufacturing method, application |
| CN107598136B (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2020-11-03 | 安徽省凤形新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of ceramic particle metal composite material |
| CN109020603B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2021-07-23 | 暨南大学 | Porous ZTA ceramic preform coated by Cu-Ti alloy micro powder, and preparation and application thereof |
| CN109053215B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2021-07-23 | 暨南大学 | Honeycomb ZTA ceramic preform coated by Fe-Cr-Ni-Ti micro powder, and preparation and application thereof |
| CN112872351B (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2023-07-14 | 太原理工大学 | Preparation method of hybrid synergistic reinforced iron-based wear-resistant material |
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