CN103339237A - 用于生物质处理的蒸汽输送系统 - Google Patents

用于生物质处理的蒸汽输送系统 Download PDF

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CN103339237A
CN103339237A CN2011800617862A CN201180061786A CN103339237A CN 103339237 A CN103339237 A CN 103339237A CN 2011800617862 A CN2011800617862 A CN 2011800617862A CN 201180061786 A CN201180061786 A CN 201180061786A CN 103339237 A CN103339237 A CN 103339237A
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亨里克·博伊·乔根森
亨宁·安德森
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1861—Waste heat boilers with supplementary firing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/06—Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel or plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/40—Use of two or more feed-water heaters in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/08—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being steam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及由发电厂产生的蒸汽向木质纤维生物质提炼厂的输送。

Description

用于生物质处理的蒸汽输送系统
技术领域
本发明的领域涉及由发电厂产生的蒸汽向木质纤维生物质提炼厂的输送。
背景技术
地球上植物木质纤维生物质的年增长是如此之快，以至于生物质转换被认为是任何可持续未来经济的基本特征。
因此，人们对所谓的“第二代”生物乙醇产生了极大的兴趣，该“第二代”生物乙醇产自例如农作物废弃物(秸秆，棒子，果核，茎，荚，壳等)，草，秸秆，木屑，废纸等的木质纤维的生物质。在“第二代”技术中，可发酵六碳糖和潜在的可发酵五碳糖通过酶水解，或者在某些情况下通过纯化学水解，从生物质多糖聚合物链中提炼出来的。从生物质转化中获得的可发酵糖，可以被用来生产燃料乙醇，或者，可替换地，被用来生产诸如丁醇或乳酸单体的用于生物塑料或许多其他产品中的其他燃料。
由于其物理结构的限制，在没有一些预处理过程的情况下，木质纤维的生物质通过酶水解无法有效地转化为可发酵糖。人们已报告了各种各样不同的预处理方案。而这些方案多数都依赖于诸如氨、石灰、氢硫酸，或甚至是特殊“离子液体”的工业化学品。然而，从环境和“可再生”角度看，水热预处理特别受热衷。这些水热预处理利用温度从160到230℃的顺序加压气/液热水来缓慢融化与纤维素股错综关联的疏水木质素，以溶解富含五碳糖的半纤维素的主要成分及破坏纤维素股，从而更易得到富有成效的酶结合。水热预处理不需要任何添加的工业化学品，并能很方便地与现有的燃煤和燃生物质发电厂整合以有效地利用轮机蒸汽和“过剩”电力生产能力。
已有报告的一般准则为可以通过将生物质处理设备或“生物提炼”与厂电力或复合的热/电生产厂备整合来获得效率上的优势。参见J.Larsen等(2008)，化学，英文，技术31(5):765;W02007/0094631;W02007/138534。电力厂为水热预处理和诸如蒸馏、蒸发和干燥的其他生物提炼过程供给蒸汽，且与直接消耗电能相比，总体而言有所节省。
我们已经发现了能在关联电力装置至生物质提炼厂之间提供更高效的蒸汽输送的多种特定的方法和系统。本文详述了这些改进。
发明内容
电力厂通过加压的水预热列来为生物质提炼处理间接提供蒸汽，以此可以得到相当大的优势。
在优选实施例中，生产用于生物质提炼的蒸汽供给是首先通过向相对较低温度(<100℃)的水加压至所需的最终压力，然后通过一系列由轮机蒸汽供给的热交换器来将加压的水加热至最终的蒸汽温度。
与已有报告的直接使用轮机蒸汽相比，这种安排具有几项优势。首先，因为仅是间接使用轮机蒸汽以喂给加压的水预热列，所以蒸汽输送不会伴随有任何高品质“锅炉水”的显著损失。除非使用的高品质的水具有低含量的盐和溶化的物质，否则锅炉很快就会淤塞。得到“锅炉质量”的水的条件是，其本身是被蒸汽输送系统和本发明的方法避免的耗能的过程。
其次，间接蒸汽输送系统对于其蒸汽压力的要求非常灵活。主要由蒸汽供能的生物质提炼通常需要确定压力的蒸汽。例如，热液预处理会需要15或20bar的蒸汽压力，而蒸馏、烘干机和蒸发单元会需要8或10bar的蒸汽压力。对于发电厂而言，要能够将蒸汽直接提供至生物质提炼厂，就必须要能够在适当的压力下提供蒸汽。发电厂通常被配置成能够在轮机蒸汽可被提取用于其他用途的场合下提供离散提取点。然而，这些提取点通常会提取具有确定压力的蒸汽。可能会发生的是，发电厂被配置成了在不符合生物质提炼的蒸汽压力的压力下提供提取蒸汽。因此，在蒸汽直接由发电厂提供至生物质提炼设备的场合，往往会需要将蒸汽压力从提取压力调节到生物质提炼所需的水平。这种对蒸汽压力水平的调节会不可避免地导致成本的增加。
令人意想不到的是，相对于直接使用轮机蒸汽，间接利用蒸汽来预热加压的水所产生的整体能源成本会被无须补充高品质的锅炉水所提供的过程能量的节省所抵消。
因此，在一些实施例中，本发明提供了一种用于生物质处理的蒸汽输送系统，包括
-至少一个压缩机，用于将低温水加压到至少5bar的压力，
-一系列的热交换器，该一系列热交换器被供给来自发电厂的轮机蒸汽，其用于将加压的低温水预热到至少150℃的温度，及
-装置，用于将预热、加压的水作为具有至少5bar的压力的蒸汽输送至水热预处理反应器、蒸馏单元、蒸发器或者干燥机中的任何一个或更多个。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明的系统的一个优选实施例的示意性说明。
具体实施方式
两个分开的预热列用来在10bar和20bar的两个不同的最终压力下提供蒸汽。在一个列中，压缩机(1)将低温水压缩至10bar的最终压力。被压缩的低温水然后被系列的三个逆流热交换器(2)加热，该三个逆流热交换器(2)从来自相关的发电厂的提取出的机轮蒸汽(3)处获取热能。该经过预热、加压的水然后作为蒸汽通过蒸汽管道的手段(4)被传送至诸如蒸馏单元、干燥机和蒸发器的生物质处理器件。在第二列中，压缩机(5)将低温水压缩至20bar的最终压力。被压缩的低温水然后被系列的三个逆流热交换器(6)加热，该三个逆流热交换器(6)从来自相关发电厂的提取出的轮机蒸汽(7)处获取热能。该经过预热、加压的水然后作为蒸汽通过蒸汽管道(8)被传送至诸如水热预处理反应器生物质的处理器件。
对于本领域技术人员来说，根据从发电厂中可提取的轮机蒸汽压力的水平，预热列可以被配置为各种不同方式是显而易见的。在一些实施例中，包括有被预轮机锅炉蒸汽供给的热交换的最终的“过热”步骤会较为有益。
在一些实施例中，根据本发明的蒸汽输送系统可与额外的热源组合使用。例如，来自被涡轮蒸汽供给的预加热列的10bar的蒸汽可以通过使用燃气锅炉进一步过热至20bar的蒸汽。在优选的实施方案中，用于这种锅炉的甲烷气体由产自生物质炼油厂的废水进行厌氧消化所提供。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于生物质处理的蒸汽输送系统，包括：
-至少一个压缩机，所述压缩机用于将低温水加压到至少5bar的压力，
-一系列的热交换器，所述一系列的热交换器被供给来自发电厂的涡轮机蒸汽，其用于将加压的低温水预热到至少150℃的温度，及
-装置，所述装置用于将预热、加压的水作为具有至少5bar的压力的蒸汽输送至水热预处理反应器、蒸馏单元、蒸发器或者干燥机中的任何一个或更多个。
2.一种用于将蒸汽提供至生物质处理设施的方法，包括：
-将<100℃的低温水压缩到至少5bar的压力，
-经由一系列热交换器加热所述加压的水，所述一系列热交换器被供给来自发电厂的涡轮机蒸汽，及
-将预加热、加压的水作为具有至少5bar的压力的蒸汽输送至水热预处理反应器、蒸馏单元、蒸发器或者干燥机中的任何一个或更多个。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，进一步包括通过与预涡轮机锅炉蒸汽的热交换进行过热。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，进一步包括通过气体锅炉进行过热。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中用于所述锅炉的气体是由生物质提炼厂的废水的厌氧消化所提供的甲烷。
CN2011800617862A 2010-12-21 2011-12-21 用于生物质处理的蒸汽输送系统 Pending CN103339237A (zh)

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