CN103336206B - The insulator arc-over emulation mode based on leader development model for back flashover - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of insulator arc-over emulation mode based on leader development model for back flashover, belong to electromagnetic transient in power system computing technique field.Voltage waveform when thunder and lightning hits electric power line pole tower top on shaft tower insulator is set as short-tail ripple, standard lightning impulse and short-tail ripple are applied to insulator, and the voltage, electric current and flashover streamer development time at insulator two ends are recorded, the image of insulator arc-over process is obtained using high-speed camera；Length is developed according to image measurement insulator arc-over guide, front and rear continuous flashover procedural image is handled, guide's development speed and relevant parameter, and insulator arc-over situation when judging that thunder and lightning hits electric power line pole tower according to it is obtained.The inventive method is applied to short-tail wave impact and standard wave impact, the insulator suitable for 110~500kV, the porcelain insulator suitable for unlike material and the lightning surge suitable for both positive and negative polarity, therefore with good versatility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of insulator arc-over emulation mode based on leader development model for back flashover, belong to
Electromagnetic transient in power system computing technique field.
Background technology
Insulator impulse flashover model is particularly significant for the back flashover overvoltage level of accurate computing electric power line.When
In thunderbolt after ground wire or shaft tower, certain voltage waveform occurs between wire and ground.At this moment, it is necessary to according to the flashover of insulator
Characteristic judges whether to occur flashover, when how can occur flashover, probability of flashover, and then predicts the voltage in hereafter circuit
Curent change.Therefore, insulator strings flashover model is exactly that, from the physics law punctured, what is obtained is exhausted under Impulse Voltage
The port identity of edge.From the viewpoint of simplification, flashover model is referred to as the voltage of flashover criterion, i.e. insulator two ends
When meeting what condition, flashover occurs for insulator.If the insulator strings flashover model of a simplicity can be set up, and it can be connect
Enter among EM transient calculation program, the lightning protection design process with regard to transmission line of electricity can be greatly simplified.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of emulation of the insulator arc-over based on leader development model for back flashover
Method, by the flashover for testing the 110~500kV porcelain insulators and composite insulator gap that obtain under positive-negative polarity lightning impulse
Characteristic basic data, so as to the actual flashover process on more accurate reflection insulator, is improved in power system lightning stroke process
The simulation calculation precision of key link.
Insulator arc-over emulation mode proposed by the present invention for back flashover, following steps：
（1）When setting thunder and lightning is hit at the top of electric power line pole tower, the voltage waveform on shaft tower insulator is short-tail ripple, short-tail
The wave rear time of ripple is 2-10 μ s；
（2）Standard lightning impulse and short-tail ripple are applied to 110~500kV electric power line pole towers insulator, measured respectively
And record the voltage U (t) at insulator two ends, the electric current on insulator and insulator arc-over streamer development time Ts, using at a high speed
Video camera obtains the image of insulator arc-over process；
（3）According to above-mentioned insulator arc-over procedural image, measurement obtains insulator arc-over guide development length x, to front and rear
Continuous flashover procedural image is handled, and obtains guide's development speed vL, by following formula, fitting respectively obtains dodging with insulator
The related constant E of network process0, and fitting parameter k0、k1、k2：
Wherein U (t) is the voltage at above-mentioned insulator two ends, TSFor insulator arc-over streamer development time, d is that insulator is long
Degree, x is the leader length of development；
（4）According to the above-mentioned constant E related to insulator arc-over process0, and fitting parameter k0、k1、k2, judge thunder and lightning
When hitting electric power line pole tower, whether insulator occurs flashover, and occurs flashover streamer development time and flashover elder generation during flashover
Lead development time.
A kind of insulator arc-over emulation mode based on leader development model for back flashover that the present invention is set up, its
Advantage is：The inventive method is applied to the short-tail ripple of the actual waveform on insulator closer to during back flashover, so as to
Actual flashover process on more accurate reflection insulator, improves the simulation calculation essence of key link in power system lightning stroke process
Degree, and the precision for calculating transmission line of electricity lightning protection properties and assessing at present can be effectively lifted, make lightning protection calculation to transmission line of electricity
The directive function that lightning Protection Design is applied with lightning protection measures is further improved, so as to effectively improve lightning Protection Design and the validity of transformation
And specific aim, reduce safety power transmission line cost.The inventive method is applied to various lightning protection measures and lightning Protection Design, will effectively carry
The lightning protection properties of high transmission line of electricity, reduce equipment lightning fault rate, improve the safety and stability level of power network, it is ensured that transmission line of electricity
Functional reliability.The inventive method can be applied to simultaneously short-tail wave impact and standard wave impact, while suitable for 110~
500kV insulator, while porcelain insulator and composite insulator suitable for unlike material and being applied to both positive and negative simultaneously
The lightning surge of polarity, therefore with good versatility.
Embodiment
Insulator arc-over emulation mode proposed by the present invention for back flashover, including following steps：
（1）When setting thunder and lightning is hit at the top of electric power line pole tower, the voltage waveform on shaft tower insulator is short-tail ripple, short-tail
The wave rear time of ripple is 2-10 μ s；
For insulator strings flashover model, conventional experiment is to be based on standard thunder and lightning waveform mostly（1.2/50μs）Carry out.So
And, many researchs show, due to the influence of catadioptric between shaft tower and between shaft tower and the earth, appear in the thunder and lightning at insulator two ends
Over-voltage waveform is generally short-tail ripple, and its wave rear vibrates, and decay is very fast, has very big difference with standard ripple.For non-standard
The flash-over characteristic of the lower gap of lightning wave effect or insulator has had many researchs.These researchs show, all kinds of non-standard
Under ripple effect, the air gap has the discharge voltage being totally different under the effect of standard ripple and flash-over characteristic.
Literature survey finds that insulator two ends waveform is short-tail ripple, its wave rear time about 2-10 μ s.
Double back tower first using extra-high voltage in simulation calculation is analyzed lightning surge waveform.Wherein shaft tower is adopted
It is modeled with multi-wave impedance model.Pole tower ground resistance is that the span between 10 Ω, shaft tower is 405m.50kA lightning current from
Lightning conducter injects, and is 2.6/50 μ s standard lightning current waveform, and lightning channel wave impedance is 300 Ω.In the shaft tower both sides of thunderbolt
Respectively there are three shaft towers, to consider the catadioptric effect between shaft tower, and be in addition herein areflexia region.Thus in obtaining on homonymy
Insulator two ends waveform on lower three-phase line is just fallen in the time very short after peak value is reached so that whole waveform
Wave front time only less than 2 μ s.While also analyzing the voltage at insulator two ends in the case of different voltage class, different shaft towers
Waveform, including 500kV Dan Huita, common-tower double-return tower, with four times towers of tower, 220kV Dan Huita, common-tower double-return tower and 500kV/
220kV and frame four times towers of same tower.By simulation calculation, find in the case of different shaft towers, insulator two ends thunder and lightning is excessively electric
Corrugating is all short-tail ripple, and obtained waveform has good uniformity, with very similar feature.This shows shaft tower
Situation and voltage class do not interfere with the short tails characteristic of lightning surge waveform.
Due to the reflex of grounding body and shaft tower, appearing in the lightning surge waveform at insulator two ends has shortwave tail
Characteristic.This point has been obtained for the confirmation of many documents.For gap or insulator strings flashover model experiment, using symbol
It is very necessary to close the short-tail ripple of actual conditions.Consider, the wave rear time of the short-tail wave impact applied during experiment is 10 μ
s。
（2）Standard lightning impulse and short-tail ripple are applied to 110~500kV electric power line pole towers insulator, measured respectively
And record the voltage U (t) at insulator two ends, the electric current on insulator and insulator arc-over streamer development time Ts, using at a high speed
Video camera obtains the image of insulator arc-over process；
It is special that short-tail wave impact is carried out present invention is generally directed to 110kV, 220kV and 500kV porcelain insulator and composite insulator
Property experiment, while carrying out standard lightning wave impulse attribute testing as a comparison.In test, it is considered to the influence of cross-arm and wire,
Simulation cross-arm is hung with above insulator test product, single, binary fission and four points are hung with respectively according to the different lower sections of voltage class
Split analog conducting wire.Grading ring is installed additional in 220kV and 500kV composite insulators, to simulate truth as far as possible.
Porcelain insulating substring test product uses the common suspended porcelain insulator of XP-7 types, and wherein 110kV porcelain insulators experiment test product contains 7
Piece, insulated lengths 0.95m；220kV experiment test products contain 14, insulated lengths 1.96m；500kV experiment test products contain 29, insulation length
Spend 4.14m.110kV composite insulators test product is without grading ring, length 1.05m；220kV and 500kV composite insulator test products
It is respectively 2.02m and 4.15m to carry distance between grading ring, grading ring.
Provided according to GB/T16927.1 and IEC60060.1 standards, the wave head time of lightning surge is 1.2 μ s, is allowed
Deviation is ± 30%；Half time to peak is 50 μ s, allowable deviation ± 20%.It is applied to the short-tail ripple on 110,220 and 500kV test products
Respectively 1.10/6.5 μ s, 1.10/15.7 μ s and 1.40/11.0 μ s, meet correlation standard.
Experimental provision includes surge generator, insulator to be measured, band simulation cross-arm and analog conducting wire, divider, electric current and visited
Head, digital oscilloscope and high-speed camera.
Content of the test include under the sub- development standard lightning wave of different insulative and short-tail ripple 50% discharge voltage test, it is right
Volt-second characteristic test under the sub- development standard lightning wave of different insulative and short-tail ripple, and measure insulation electron current and voltage waveform.
For streamer evolution, overall streamer time of origin can be judged by electric current.Because streamer developed
Electric current can substantially rise in journey, be subsequently lowered to zero, and now streamer development is also completed.
For the development of guide, while monitoring voltage, electric current, whole guide's evolution is entered by high speed camera
Row record, by the measurement of front and rear two photo leader lengths, so as to obtain guide's speed of development.With conventional scan-type or
The electronic camera of striped formula is different, and the image obtained using high-speed camera is discontinuous, and its speed is unhappy.Cause
It is multiple that this needs guide's evolution to same gap or insulator to carry out（10-20 times）The experiment repeated, to obtain it
The overall rule of development.
（3）According to above-mentioned insulator arc-over procedural image, measurement obtains insulator arc-over guide development length x, to front and rear
Continuous flashover procedural image is handled, and obtains guide's development speed vL, by following formula, fitting respectively obtains dodging with insulator
The related constant E of network process0, and fitting parameter k0、k1、k2：
Wherein U (t) is the voltage at above-mentioned insulator two ends, TSFor insulator arc-over streamer development time, d is that insulator is long
Degree, x is the leader length of development；
Obtain being applied to standard ripple and short-tail wave impact and exhausted suitable for 110~500kV based on leader development model fitting
The flashover model in edge gap.
Leader development model is obtained being the physical essence by the air gap breakdown process.For long air gap,
It, which punctures, includes several stages such as corona, streamer development, guide's development, main discharge.And leader development model mainly passes through meter
The development time in wherein each stage is calculated to predict flashover process.
After the voltage at insulator two ends rises, corona occurs in insulator end.When voltage continues to rise and exceed
After streamer starting voltage, streamer starts to develop from insulator end.When the development of streamer passage is after through whole gap, ionize
Ripple starts from streamer end to insulator end backpropagation, so as to accelerate the ionization process of air molecule, and causes electric current
Rising.Brightness of passage is relatively low during this, and the electric current for flowing through gap can first rise, to electricity after streamer process is completed
Stream can drop to zero substantially.
Hereafter guide starts development, and since it be mainly characterized by a bright passage prolong insulator end into gap
Stretch, reach that the guide developed from the other end is intersected.In the process, electric current exponentially form can rise.When leader channel runs through
Behind whole gap, the gas heating of a period of time is undergone, is finally completed and punctures.
Therefore, the breakdown time T of the air gapBIt is considered that by streamer initial time TP, streamer development time TS, ionization
Wave propagation time TI, guide's development time TLAnd gas heating time TGComposition
TB=TP+TS+TI+TL+TG
Wherein, streamer initial time TPMay be embodied in voltage waveform actual origin and virtual origin time difference it
In；Ionize wave propagation time TIIt may be embodied in guide's development time TLIn；Gas heating time TGIt is very short.Therefore gap breakdown
Time can be reduced to
TB=TS+TL
I.e. to certain the air gap, it is believed that its breakdown time is by streamer development time and guide's development time group
Into.As can be seen here, the key of leader development model is to calculate streamer development time and guide's development time, between this is accomplished by pair
Gap punctures the substantial amounts of experiment of progress, so as to be developed the relation between time and other physical quantitys.
For streamer developing stage, some research is pointed out, streamer development time TSIt can be obtained with below equation
Wherein E50Discharged field strength, and E for the 50% of gappFor the maximum average field-strength occurred in gap.Only when between reality
Average field-strength in gap reaches E50When, just think that streamer starts development.Streamer development time is determined according to maximum average field-strength
, and streamer development terminates after this period.After streamer development terminates, it is considered as guide and starts development.Therefore, also may be used
To think E50It is exactly guide's starting field strength.It can be seen that only make use of peak electric field in the calculating of streamer development, and flowed
The overall development time of note.This can simplify the calculating process of whole leader development model, be converted so that streamer process be calculated
For guide's initial conditions, through the development for starting to calculate guide after a period of time.Although this method comparison is easy, it may flow
After note development time terminates, field strength is also not up to peak value, therefore and does not meet convention.
Another mode for considering streamer development is to calculate the average voltage occurred on insulator.Insulation to certain length
Son, when average voltage reaches certain value, it is believed that streamer development is completed, i.e.,
Wherein TSFor streamer development time, d is gap length.Different from former mode, this mode is specifically considered
The influence that voltage change develops to streamer, thus it is also physically more reasonable, used in the research of this insulator strings flashover model
This formula is fitted.
For guide's developing stage, because it is closely related with the flashover moment, it is necessary to deeper into consideration any time
The development of guide.Many researchers propose many different formula to calculate guide's development speed.These formula majorities are thought
Guide's development speed is related to the field strength of residual gap in guide's evolution.One of them typical formula is：
Wherein E0For the constant with insulator intermittence qualitative correlation, d is insulator length, and x is the leader length of development.Press
The change of leader length is simulated according to guide's development speed that formula is provided, when the length of guide reaches insulator length, it is believed that
Gap completes flashover.It can be seen that, the development of guide should meet condition
That is the average field-strength in guide's development surplus air gap should be greater than critical field strength E0.The critical field strength can consider just
It is above-mentioned guide's starting field strength E50.If the condition is unsatisfactory in certain time, then it is assumed that this time guide's development is lost
Lose.The research of this insulator strings flashover model is fitted using this formula.
The streamer development time fitting parameter of table 1
(Unit：U-MV, d-m, Ts-s)
The guide's development speed fitting parameter of table 2
Unit：
（4）According to the above-mentioned constant E related to insulator arc-over process0, and fitting parameter k0、k1、k2, judge thunder and lightning
When hitting electric power line pole tower, whether insulator occurs flashover, and occurs flashover streamer development time and flashover elder generation during flashover
Lead development time.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of insulator arc-over emulation mode for back flashover, it is characterised in that this method includes following steps：
（1）When setting thunder and lightning is hit at the top of electric power line pole tower, the voltage waveform on shaft tower insulator is short-tail ripple, short-tail ripple
The wave rear time is 2-10 μ s；
（2）Standard lightning impulse and short-tail ripple are applied to 110~500kV electric power line pole towers insulator, measures and remembers respectively
Record voltage U (t), the electric current on insulator and the insulator arc-over streamer development time T at insulator two endss, use high-speed camera
Machine obtains the image of insulator arc-over process；
（3）According to above-mentioned insulator arc-over procedural image, measurement obtains insulator arc-over guide development length x, to front and rear continuous
Flashover procedural image handled, obtain guide's development speed vL, by following formula, fitting respectively is obtained and insulator arc-over mistake
Cheng Xiangguan constant E0, and fitting parameter k0、k1、k2：
Wherein U (t) is the voltage at above-mentioned insulator two ends, TSFor insulator arc-over streamer development time, d is insulator length, x
For the leader length of development；
（4）According to the above-mentioned constant E related to insulator arc-over process0, and fitting parameter k0、k1、k2, judge that thunder and lightning is hit defeated
During electric wire line pole tower, whether insulator occurs flashover, and occurs flashover streamer development time and flashover guide development during flashover
Time.
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| CN104569749A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-04-29 | 华南理工大学 | Distinguishing method of high-altitude long-air-gap lightning stroke flashover |
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| CN115061015A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-09-16 | 云南电网有限责任公司玉溪供电局 | Speed-current curve experimental method for transmission line uplink pilot development model |
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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: ZHAO YUAN YU ZHANQING WANG XI YUAN YICHAO HE JINLIANG CENG RONG LI YU DENG CHUN LIU LIANG LI ZHIGANG WEI RAN JIANG XIN CHEN SHUIMING ZHANG BO HU JUN ZHUANG CHIJIE TO: ZHAO YUAN YU ZHANQING WANG XI YUAN YICHAO HE JINLIANG CENG RONG LI YU DENG CHUN LIU LIANG LI ZHIGANG WEI RAN JIANG XIN CHEN SHUIMING ZHANG BO HU JUN ZHUANG CHIJIE NIU XIAOMIN WANG PING |
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Effective date of registration: 20140724 Address after: 100084 Haidian District Tsinghua Yuan Beijing No. 1 Applicant after: TSINGHUA University Applicant after: State Grid Corporation of China Applicant after: NORTH CHINA ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: STATE GRID JIBEI ELECTRIC POWER CO., LTD. Research Institute Applicant after: NORTH CHINA GRID Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100084 Haidian District Tsinghua Yuan Beijing No. 1 Applicant before: Tsinghua University Applicant before: State Grid Corporation of China Applicant before: NORTH CHINA ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co.,Ltd. Applicant before: STATE GRID JIBEI ELECTRIC POWER CO., LTD. Research Institute |
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