CN103336206A - Insulator flashover simulation method based on pilot development model and applicable to lightning counterattack - Google Patents
Insulator flashover simulation method based on pilot development model and applicable to lightning counterattack Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an insulator flashover simulation method based on a pilot development model and applicable to lightning counterattack, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic transient calculation in a power system. The insulator flashover simulation method comprises the following steps: setting the voltage waveform of a tower insulator as a short tail wave when lightning strikes the top of a transmission line tower, applying a standard lightning shock wave and the short tail wave to the insulator, recording the voltage, the current and the flashover stream development time between the two ends of the insulator, and obtaining flashover process images of the insulator by using a high-speed camera; according to the image, measuring the pilot development length of the flashover of the insulator, processing the sequential continuous process images to obtain a pilot development speed and related parameters, and judging the flashover situation of the insulator when the lightning strikes the transmission line tower according to the pilot development speed and the related parameters. The insulator flashover simulation method is applicable to short tail wave shock and standard wave shock, is applicable to a 110-500kV insulator, is applicable to porcelain insulators made of different materials and is applicable to lightning shock waves with positive and negative polarities; therefore, the insulator flashover simulation method is very high in versatility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of insulator arc-over emulation mode based on leader development model for back flashover, belong to electromagnetic transient in power system computing technique field.
Background technology
Insulator impulse flashover model is very important for the back flashover overvoltage level of accurate computing electric power line.Behind ground wire or shaft tower in the thunderbolt, between lead and ground certain voltage waveform can appear.At this moment, need judge whether that flashover can take place according to the flashover property of insulator, when flashover can take place, probability of flashover how, and then predict that the electric current and voltage in the circuit after this changes.Therefore, the insulator arc-over model is exactly from the physics law that punctures, the port identity of insulator under the surge voltage effect that obtains.From the viewpoint of simplifying, the flashover model also can be called the flashover criterion, when namely the voltage at insulator two ends satisfies any condition, and insulator generation flashover.If can set up a simple and clear insulator arc-over model, and it is linked among the electro-magnetic transient calculation procedure, just can simplifies the lightning protection design process of transmission line of electricity greatly.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of insulator arc-over emulation mode based on leader development model for back flashover, by the 110～500kV porcelain insulator under the test acquisition positive-negative polarity lightning impulse and the flashover property basic data in composite insulator gap, thereby the actual flashover process on can more accurate reflection insulator improves the simulation calculation precision of key link in the electric system lightning stroke process.
The insulator arc-over emulation mode that is used for back flashover that the present invention proposes, below each step:
When (1) the setting thunder and lightning hit the electric power line pole tower top, the voltage waveform on the shaft tower insulator was the short-tail ripple, and the wave rear time of short-tail ripple is 2-10 μ s;
(2) 110～500kV electric power line pole tower insulator is applied standard lightning impulse and short-tail ripple, measure and record voltage U (t), the electric current on the insulator and the insulator arc-over streamer development time T at insulator two ends respectively
s, use high-speed camera to obtain the image of insulator arc-over process;
(3) according to above-mentioned insulator arc-over procedural image, measure the insulator arc-over guide and develop length x, the flashover procedural image that front and back are continuous is handled, obtain guide's speed of development v
L, by following formula, match obtains the constant E relevant with the insulator arc-over process respectively
0, and fitting parameter k
0, k
1, k
2:
Wherein U (t) is the voltage at above-mentioned insulator two ends, T
SBe insulator arc-over streamer development time, d is insulator length, and x is the leader length of development;
(4) according to the above-mentioned constant E relevant with the insulator arc-over process
0, and fitting parameter k
0, k
1, k
2, judge whether insulator flashover took place when thunder and lightning hit electric power line pole tower, and flashover streamer development time and flashover guide development time when flashover takes place.
A kind of insulator arc-over emulation mode based on leader development model for back flashover that the present invention sets up, its advantage is: the inventive method is applicable to more the short-tail ripple near actual waveform on the insulator in the back flashover process, thereby the actual flashover process on can more accurate reflection insulator, improve the simulation calculation precision of key link in the electric system lightning stroke process, and can effectively promote the precision of at present the transmission line of electricity lightning protection properties being calculated and assessing, making lightning protection calculate the directive function that lightning Protection Design and the lightning protection measures of transmission line of electricity are used further improves, thereby effectively improve validity and the specific aim of lightning Protection Design and transformation, reduce safe transmission line of electricity cost.The inventive method is applicable to various lightning protection measures and lightning Protection Design, will effectively improve the lightning protection properties of transmission line of electricity, reduces equipment lightning fault rate, improves the safety and stability level of electrical network, guarantees the functional reliability of transmission line of electricity.The inventive method can be applicable to simultaneously that short-tail wave impact and standard wave impact, be applicable to simultaneously the insulator of 110～500kV, be applicable to the porcelain insulator of unlike material and composite insulator and the lightning surge that is applicable to both positive and negative polarity simultaneously therefore to have good versatility simultaneously.
Embodiment
The insulator arc-over emulation mode that is used for back flashover that the present invention proposes comprises following each step:
When (1) the setting thunder and lightning hit the electric power line pole tower top, the voltage waveform on the shaft tower insulator was the short-tail ripple, and the wave rear time of short-tail ripple is 2-10 μ s;
For the insulator arc-over model, test in the past is based on that standard thunder and lightning waveform (1.2/50 μ s) carries out more.Yet, studies show that much owing to reach catadioptric influence between shaft tower and the earth between shaft tower, the lightning surge waveform that appears at the insulator two ends mostly is the short-tail ripple, vibration appears in its wave rear, and decay is very fast, with standard wave very big-difference is arranged.Flash-over characteristic at gap or insulator under the non-standard lightning wave effect has had a lot of researchs.These studies show that under all kinds of nonstandard quasi wave effects, the clearance has sparking voltage and the flash-over characteristic that is different from fully under the standard wave effect.
Literature survey finds that insulator two ends waveform is the short-tail ripple, its wave rear time about 2-10 μ s.
In simulation calculation, at first adopt two towers that return of extra-high voltage that the lightning surge waveform is analyzed.Wherein shaft tower adopts many surge impedance models to carry out modeling.Pole tower ground resistance is 10 Ω, and the span between the shaft tower is 405m.The lightning current of 50kA injects from lightning conducter, is the standard lightning current waveform of 2.6/50 μ s, and the impedance of thunder and lightning channel wave is 300 Ω.Respectively there are three shaft towers shaft tower both sides in thunderbolt, with the catadioptric effect between the consideration shaft tower, and are the no reflection events zone beyond this.Obtain insulator two ends waveform on the homonymy upper, middle and lower three-phase line thus and after reaching peak value, just taken place to fall in very short time, make wavefront time of whole waveform only less than 2 μ s.Also analyzed simultaneously the voltage waveform at insulator two ends under different electric pressures, the different shaft tower situation, comprised the Dan Huita, common-tower double-return tower of 500kV, with four times towers of tower, four times towers of the same tower of the Dan Huita of 220kV, common-tower double-return tower and 500kV/220kV and frame.Through simulation calculation, find that insulator two ends lightning surge waveform all is the short-tail ripple under different shaft tower situations, and the waveform that obtains has good consistance, have very similarly feature.This shows the situation of shaft tower and the shortwave tail characteristic that electric pressure can not influence the lightning surge waveform.
Because the reflex of grounding body and shaft tower, the lightning surge waveform that appears at the insulator two ends has the characteristic of shortwave tail.This point has obtained the confirmation of many documents.For gap or insulator arc-over model test, it is very necessary adopting the short-tail ripple that tallies with the actual situation.Take all factors into consideration, the wave rear time of the short-tail wave impact that applies during test is 10 μ s.
(2) 110～500kV electric power line pole tower insulator is applied standard lightning impulse and short-tail ripple, measure and record voltage U (t), the electric current on the insulator and the insulator arc-over streamer development time T at insulator two ends respectively
s, use high-speed camera to obtain the image of insulator arc-over process;
The present invention is primarily aimed at 110kV, 220kV and 500kV porcelain insulator and composite insulator and carries out short-tail wave impact attribute testing, carries out standard lightning wave impulse attribute testing simultaneously as a comparison.In test, consider the influence of cross-arm and lead, above the insulator test product, hang with the simulation cross-arm, hang with single, binary fission and quadripartion analog conducting wire respectively according to the different belows of electric pressure.Install grading ring additional at 220kV and 500kV composite insulator, to simulate truth as far as possible.
Porcelain insulating substring test product adopts the common suspended porcelain insulator of XP-7 type, and wherein 110kV porcelain insulator test test product contains 7, insulated lengths 0.95m; 220kV test test product contains 14, insulated lengths 1.96m; 500kV test test product contains 29, insulated lengths 4.14m.110kV composite insulator test product does not have grading ring, length 1.05m; 220kV and 500kV composite insulator test product all have grading ring, and the grading ring spacing is from being respectively 2.02m and 4.15m.
According to GB/T16927.1 and IEC60060.1 standard code, the wave head time of lightning surge is 1.2 μ s, and tolerance deviation is ± 30%; The half-peak value time is 50 μ s, tolerance deviation ± 20%.Be applied to 110,220 and the 500kV test product on the short-tail ripple be respectively 1.10/6.5 μ s, 1.10/15.7 μ s and 1.40/11.0 μ s, meet correlation standard.
Experimental provision comprises surge generator, insulator to be measured, band simulation cross-arm and analog conducting wire, voltage divider, current probe, digital oscilloscope and high-speed camera.
Content of the test comprises carries out 50% sparking voltage test under standard lightning wave and the short-tail ripple, different insulative is carried out volt-second characteristic test under standard lightning wave and the short-tail ripple different insulative, and measures insulator electric current and voltage waveform.
For the streamer evolution, can judge whole streamer time of origin by electric current.Because electric current can obviously rise in the streamer evolution, be reduced to zero subsequently, and this moment, the streamer development was finished also.
For guide's development, in monitoring voltage, electric current, by high speed camera record is carried out in whole guide's evolution, by the measurement of two the photo leader length in front and back, thereby obtain guide's speed of development.With scan-type in the past or claim that the electronic camera of striped formula is different, the image that adopts high-speed camera to obtain is discontinuous, and its speed is unhappy.Therefore need carry out repeatedly (10-20 time) repeated in experiments to guide's evolution of same gap or insulator, to obtain its whole rule of development.
(3) according to above-mentioned insulator arc-over procedural image, measure the insulator arc-over guide and develop length x, the flashover procedural image that front and back are continuous is handled, obtain guide's speed of development v
L, by following formula, match obtains the constant E relevant with the insulator arc-over process respectively
0, and fitting parameter k
0, k
1, k
2:
Wherein U (t) is the voltage at above-mentioned insulator two ends, T
SBe insulator arc-over streamer development time, d is insulator length, and x is the leader length of development;
The flashover model that match obtains being applicable to standard wave and short-tail wave impact and is applicable to 110～500kV insulator gap based on leader development model.
Leader development model is to be set out by the physical essence of clearance breakdown process to obtain.For long air gap, its puncture includes several stages such as corona, streamer development, guide's development, main discharge.And leader development model is mainly predicted the flashover process by calculating wherein the development time in each stage.
After the voltage at insulator two ends rises, in the insulator end corona can appear.After voltage continued to rise and surpasses the streamer starting potential, streamer began to develop from the insulator end.When streamer passage development after running through whole gap, the ionization ripple begins from the streamer end to the backpropagation of insulator end, thereby accelerates the ionization process of air molecule, and causes the rising of electric current.The brightness of passage is lower in this process, and the electric current that flows through the gap can rise earlier, to dropping to zero substantially when finishing streamer process after-current.
After this guide begins development, and its principal character is that a bright passage begins to extend to the gap from the insulator end, reaches from the guide of other end development to intersect.In this process, electric current can be exponential form and rise.After leader channel ran through whole gap, the gas heating of experience a period of time was finally finished puncture.
Therefore, T breakdown time of clearance
BCan think by streamer zero-time T
P, streamer development time T
S, ionization wave propagation time T
I, guide's development time T
LAnd gas heating time T
GForm
T
B=T
P+T
S+T
I+T
L+T
G
Wherein, streamer zero-time T
PCan be included among the mistiming of the actual initial point of voltage waveform and virtual origin; Ionization wave propagation time T
ICan be included in guide's development time T
LIn; The gas heating time T
GVery short.Therefore the gap breakdown time can be reduced to
T
B=T
S+T
L
Namely to certain clearance, can think and be formed by streamer development time and guide's development time its breakdown time.This shows that the key of leader development model is to calculate streamer development time and guide's development time, this just need carry out a large amount of tests to gap breakdown, thus the relation between developed time and other physical quantitys.
For the streamer developing stage, the research that has is pointed out, streamer development time T
SCan obtain with following formula
E wherein
50Be the 50% discharge field intensity in gap, and E
pBe the maximum average field-strength that occurs in the gap.Have only the average field-strength in actual gap to reach E
50The time, think that just streamer begins development.The streamer development time is definite according to maximum average field-strength, and finishes through back streamer development during this period of time.After the streamer development finishes, just think that the guide begins development.Therefore, also can think E
50It is exactly the initial field intensity of guide.But can see, only utilize peak electric field in the calculating of streamer development, and obtained the overall development time of streamer.This can simplify the computation process of whole leader development model, is converted into guide's initial conditions thereby the streamer process calculated, the development that begins to calculate the guide after after a while.Though this method is easier, may streamer after development time finishes, therefore and do not meet convention field intensity does not also reach peak value.
The another kind of mode of considering that streamer develops is to calculate the average voltage that occurs on the insulator.To the insulator of certain-length, when average voltage reaches certain value, think that streamer development finishes, namely
T wherein
SBe the streamer development time, d is gap length.Different with preceding a kind of mode, this mode has specifically been considered change in voltage to the streamer Influence and Development, and is therefore also more reasonable physically, adopts this formula to carry out match in the model investigation of this insulator arc-over.
For guide's developing stage, because it is constantly closely related with flashover, the just more deep consideration any time guide's of needs development.Many researchers have proposed a lot of different formula and have calculated guide's speed of development.These formula majorities think that guide's speed of development is relevant with the field intensity of residual gap in guide's evolution.One of them typical formula is:
E wherein
0For with the constant of insulator intermittence qualitative correlation, d is insulator length, x is the leader length of development.The variation of the guide's speed of development simulation leader length that provides according to formula when guide's length reaches insulator length, thinks that the gap finishes flashover.Can see that guide's development should satisfy condition
Be the guide develop the average field-strength in surplus air gap should be greater than critical field strength E
0This critical field strength can think to be exactly the initial field intensity E of above-mentioned guide
50If this condition does not all satisfy in the certain hour, think that then this guide develops failure.The model investigation of this insulator arc-over adopts this formula to carry out match.
Table 1 streamer development time fitting parameter
(
Unit: U-MV, d-m, T
s-s)
Table 2 guide speed of development fitting parameter
(4) according to the above-mentioned constant E relevant with the insulator arc-over process
0, and fitting parameter k
0, k
1, k
2, judge whether insulator flashover took place when thunder and lightning hit electric power line pole tower, and flashover streamer development time and flashover guide development time when flashover takes place.
Claims (1)
1. insulator arc-over emulation mode that is used for back flashover is characterized in that this method comprises following each step:
When (1) the setting thunder and lightning hit the electric power line pole tower top, the voltage waveform on the shaft tower insulator was the short-tail ripple, and the wave rear time of short-tail ripple is 2-10 μ s;
(2) 110～500kV electric power line pole tower insulator is applied standard lightning impulse and short-tail ripple, measure and record voltage U (t), the electric current on the insulator and the insulator arc-over streamer development time T at insulator two ends respectively
s, use high-speed camera to obtain the image of insulator arc-over process;
(3) according to above-mentioned insulator arc-over procedural image, measure the insulator arc-over guide and develop length x, the flashover procedural image that front and back are continuous is handled, obtain guide's speed of development v
L, by following formula, match obtains the constant E relevant with the insulator arc-over process respectively
0, and fitting parameter k
0, k
1, k
2:
Wherein U (t) is the voltage at above-mentioned insulator two ends, T
SBe insulator arc-over streamer development time, d is insulator length, and x is the leader length of development;
(4) according to the above-mentioned constant E relevant with the insulator arc-over process
0, and fitting parameter k
0, k
1, k
2, judge whether insulator flashover took place when thunder and lightning hit electric power line pole tower, and flashover streamer development time and flashover guide development time when flashover takes place.
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| CN104614612A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-05-13 | 国家电网公司 | Simulating testing platform for electric shielding of double-loop linear angle tower |
| CN106099753A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-11-09 | 国网湖南省电力公司 | The method of Transmission Line Design without lightning conducter of weight ice-covering area |
| CN106370938A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 武汉大学 | Long-gap discharge leader development speed measurement method based on radiated electromagnetic wave detection |
| CN107271857A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-10-20 | 国家电网公司 | Determination method and system based on streamer guide's system progressions model key parameters |
| CN108919010A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-11-30 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Oil tank thunder and lightning splitter performance detecting system and method |
| CN110489869A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-22 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of anti-lightning strike characteristic analysis method of double anti-snow slush composite insulators of string |
| CN111025044A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-04-17 | 国网浙江宁波市奉化区供电有限公司 | Lightning stroke broken line simulation test method for power distribution network |
| WO2022048383A1 (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-03-10 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Method and apparatus for establishing leader progression model on basis of leader length proportional relationship |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104569749A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-04-29 | 华南理工大学 | Distinguishing method of high-altitude long-air-gap lightning stroke flashover |
| CN104614612A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-05-13 | 国家电网公司 | Simulating testing platform for electric shielding of double-loop linear angle tower |
| CN106099753A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-11-09 | 国网湖南省电力公司 | The method of Transmission Line Design without lightning conducter of weight ice-covering area |
| CN106370938A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 武汉大学 | Long-gap discharge leader development speed measurement method based on radiated electromagnetic wave detection |
| CN106370938B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2020-10-30 | 武汉大学 | Long-gap discharge lead development speed measuring method based on radiation electromagnetic wave detection |
| CN107271857A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-10-20 | 国家电网公司 | Determination method and system based on streamer guide's system progressions model key parameters |
| CN108919010A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-11-30 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Oil tank thunder and lightning splitter performance detecting system and method |
| CN110489869A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-22 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of anti-lightning strike characteristic analysis method of double anti-snow slush composite insulators of string |
| CN111025044A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-04-17 | 国网浙江宁波市奉化区供电有限公司 | Lightning stroke broken line simulation test method for power distribution network |
| CN111025044B (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2022-08-26 | 国网浙江宁波市奉化区供电有限公司 | Lightning stroke broken line simulation test method for power distribution network |
| WO2022048383A1 (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-03-10 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Method and apparatus for establishing leader progression model on basis of leader length proportional relationship |
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