CN103335956B - Detection method of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tube - Google Patents
Detection method of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tube Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tube detection, in particular to a detection method of a centrifugal casting alloy furnace tube. The invention determines a composition influence factor f (alpha) composed of S, Pb and Bi elements; a metallurgical influence factor f (β) composed of a grain size fraction (DJ) value and a crystal shape value of a metallurgical structure form (JX) is also determined, and finally, an influence function f (α, β) ═ f (α) + f (β) for determining the quality of the furnace tube material performance is obtained. The invention provides a method for detecting a centrifugal casting alloy furnace tube for the first time, and simultaneously provides a quick and efficient method for production detection of the centrifugal casting alloy furnace tube, so that resource waste is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting detection technique field, be specifically related to a kind of detection method of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting.
Background technology
Known, centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting is widely used in the mainstay of the national economy fields such as petrochemical industry, electric power, metallurgy, combustion gas, and the even explosion accident once these boiler tubes lost efficacy, will have a strong impact on the long period safe operation of package unit.The standard criterion development that manufactures and designs of existing boiler tube comparatively lags behind, do not carry out in time trace impurity the boiler tube life-span affected to rule and control method research, cause the production quality control imprecision that dispatches from the factory, add in recent years centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting gradually to high parameter and maximization future development, military service operating mode is all the more complicated and harsh, finally make the actual service life of the domestic centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting coming into operation in the market very different, the actual service life of a large amount of boiler tubes even only has 1/3rd of original designed life, failure accidents happens occasionally, bring very big hidden danger to the long period safe operation of petrochemical industry device for producing hydrogen.Therefore, how boiler tube product is carried out to quality control, become realistic problem urgently to be resolved hurrily at present.
For quality control and the quality testing of the above-mentioned product that dispatches from the factory, generally comprise the processes such as chemical composition analysis, metallographic structure observation, conventional mechanical property test and high-temperature duration life detection.Wherein, chemical composition analysis, metallographic structure observation and traditional performance test process are relatively simple, and simultaneously consuming time less, before boiler tube product export, manufacturer can detect voluntarily.High-temperature duration life detects to be needed to test by professional detection system, especially for the stress-rupture tester of long period, requires a great deal of time and resource.
Summary of the invention
Existing all centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting workpiece to be checked to be carried out to high-temperature duration life test and the wasting of resources that brings in order reducing, to the invention provides a kind of detection method of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of detection method of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting, it comprises the steps:
Step 1, definite to centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material property influential composition influence factor f (α) and metallographic factor of influence f (β), the acquisition of described composition influence factor f (α) and metallographic factor of influence f (β) is in no particular order;
The obtaining step of described composition influence factor f (α) is as follows:
A), the chemical composition of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is analyzed, determine the high-temperature duration life of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is had to the weight content of the macroelement of appreciable impact, and the weight content of trace element in definite centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material;
Described high-temperature duration life refers to the rupture time of the centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material under 1100 DEG C, 17MPa or 1100 DEG C, 16MPa condition;
Described macroelement at least comprises S;
Described trace element at least comprises Pb and Bi;
B), S, Pb a) obtaining according to step, the weight content of Bi element, determine that composition factor of influence f (α) is suc as formula shown in (1):
f(α)＝aω(S)+bω(Pb)+cω(Bi) (1)
ω (S) in formula (1), ω (Pb), ω (Bi) is respectively S, Pb, the weight content of Bi element in centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material, and unit is ppm; The span of a is (0.18,0.22); The span of b is (1.2,1.8); The span of c is (28,32); F (α) unit is 1;
The obtaining step of described metallographic factor of influence f (β) is as follows:
C), centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is carried out to electro-etching, and the grain size grading to the centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material after etch according to GB/T6394-2002 " metal mean grain size assay method ", obtain grain size number DJ the assignment of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material, in the time that grain size number is 5-5.5 level, grain size number value gets 1, other, get 10;
Centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is carried out to electro-etching, and by the metallographic structure form of metallography microscope sem observation centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material, determine metallographic structure form JX the assignment of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material, when grain shape is that while intersecting the column crystal of growing, crystalline form value gets 1; When grain shape is column crystal when adding equiax crystal and proportion of equiaxed grain and being less than 20%, crystalline form value gets 8; When grain shape is column crystal when adding equiax crystal and proportion of equiaxed grain and being greater than 20%, crystalline form value gets 18;
D), the grain size number value and the crystalline form value that c) obtain according to step, determine that metallographic factor of influence f (β) is suc as formula shown in (2):
f(β)＝5DJ+5JX (2)
In formula (2), f (β) unit is 1;
Step 2, the composition influence factor f (α) and the metallographic factor of influence f (β) that obtain according to step 1, determine that the influence function f (α, β) that judges centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material property quality is suc as formula shown in (3):
f(α,β)＝aω(S)+bω(Pb)+cω(Bi)+5DJ+5JX (3)
The present invention can also be able to further realization by following technical measures:
Preferably, described centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material comprises 25Cr35NiNb and 35Cr45NiNb.
Preferably, the step of described step 1 a) in, macroelement also comprises C, Si, Mn, P, Cr, Ni and Nb.
Preferably, the step of described step 1 b) in, the value that the value that the value of a is 0.2, b is 1.5, c is 30.
Preferably, the step of described step 1 a) in, by direct-reading spectrometer, the chemical composition of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is analyzed, and is adopted photometer to determine the Determination of trace element contents of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material.
Preferably, the step of described step 1 c) in, the oxalic acid aqueous solution that is 10% by volume fraction carries out electro-etching to furnace tube material, etch temperature is normal temperature, time 20s.
Preferably, the step of described step 1 c) in, amplify 40 times by metaloscope and observe the metallographic structure forms of furnace tube materials, and the metallographic structure form JX of definite centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1), the present invention proposed a kind of detection method to centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting first, the present invention simultaneously provides a kind of method rapidly and efficiently for the production testing of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting.
2), the enforcement of detection method can significantly reduce the centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting workpiece quantity that need to carry out high-temperature duration life test in the present invention, thus greatly reduced the wasting of resources.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 a is the schematic diagram of the column crystal grain shape of intersection growth.
Fig. 1 b is the schematic diagram that column crystal adds equiax crystal grain shape.
Fig. 1 c is the schematic diagram of congruent axialite grain shape.
Fig. 2 a is that grain size number is 2.7 grades, amplifies the furnace tube material metallographic structure figure of 500 times.
Fig. 2 b is that grain size number is 5.2 grades, amplifies the furnace tube material metallographic structure figure of 500 times.
Fig. 3 is 1# boiler tube metallographic structure photo.
Fig. 4 is 1# boiler tube microstructure.
Fig. 5 is 2# boiler tube metallographic structure photo.
Fig. 6 is 2# boiler tube microstructure.
Fig. 7 is 3# boiler tube metallographic structure photo.
Fig. 8 is 3# boiler tube microstructure.
Fig. 9 is 4# boiler tube metallographic structure photo.
Figure 10 is 4# boiler tube microstructure.
Embodiment
First the present invention analyzes the chemical composition of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material, determines high-temperature duration life is had to the constant of appreciable impact and the content of trace element.Specifically, adopt the weight content of the macroelement of direct-reading spectrometer analysis centrifugal casting alloy furnace tube material; Adopt the weight content of the trace element of photometer analysis centrifugal casting alloy furnace tube material.
Known, there are the constant of appreciable impact and trace element to comprise S, Pb and Bi element through what study on high-temperature duration life.
S constituent content has appreciable impact to high-temperature duration life, and along with the increase of S element, centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting is that the high-temperature duration life of boiler tube reduces.This is because sulphur segregation in heat treatment process forms sulfide to crystal boundary, because the adhesion of sulfide and matrix is poor, cavity is easy to forming core, thereby produces micro-crack because stress raisers cause cavity to connect under the condition of high temperature, causes boiler tube rapid failure.Conventionally the S constituent content of suggestion need be lower than 0.015wt%.
Trace element Pb, in drawing by high temperature stress situation, to Grain Boundary Segregation, has reduced surperficial energy, has promoted the germinating of Creep hole, finally causes the reduction of high temperature endurance performance.According to classical Creep hole forming core theory, the nucleation rate formula on crystal boundary per unit area:
In formula (4), γ
sfor surface energy, σ is the local tension of microcosmic.γ
sall can cause nucleation rate with the very little change of σ
larger variation.In stress-rupture tester process, Pb element, to Grain Boundary Segregation, along with the local concentration of segregation on crystal boundary raises, is enough to reduce crystal boundary surface energy γ when reaching
stime, can reduce accordingly forming core stress, cause the increase of cavity nucleation rate, thereby make to be easier to germinating cavity.Consider high-temperature duration life requirement and financial cost factor, the content of the Pb element in alloy furnace tubes by adopting should be limited in below 20ppm conventionally.
Trace element Bi is similar to Pb on the impact of high-temperature duration life, and along with the increase of Bi constituent content, the high-temperature duration life of boiler tube significantly reduces.This is because Bi element is to Grain Boundary Segregation, reduces crystal boundary surface energy, increases cavity nucleation rate.Conventionally the content of the Bi element in alloy furnace tubes by adopting should be limited in below 1.0ppm.
As mentioned above, high-temperature duration life is had to the chemical element of appreciable impact to composition influence factor f (α)=a ω (S)+b ω (the Pb)+c ω (Bi) of high-temperature duration life, wherein the unit of element wt content is ppm, the span of a is (0.18,0.22), and the span of b is (1.3,1.8), the span of c is (28,32), and f (α) unit is 1.
The oxalic acid aqueous solution that is 10% by volume fraction carries out electro-etching (× 40 times) to furnace tube material, and centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is carried out to metallography preparation, obtains the grain shape of furnace tube material.The grain shape of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material has following three kinds: column crystal, the column crystal of growing that intersect adds equiax crystal and congruent axialite.Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b, Fig. 1 c are respectively the schematic diagram of three kinds of typical grain shapes.According to the corresponding relation of grain shape and high-temperature duration life, the column crystal of growing that intersects is at an angle conducive to obtain high high-temperature duration life, this is mainly because when there being certain angle in boiler tube between column crystal, while being interlaced state, when main Crack Extension runs into trident crystal boundary, Crack Extension path complications, crack branching can make the driving force of Crack Extension reduce, thereby reduces crack growth rate.
The oxalic acid aqueous solution that is 10% by volume fraction carries out electro-etching (× 250 times) to furnace tube material, centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is carried out to metallography preparation, obtain the room temperature metallographic structure of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material, and carry out the evaluation of grain size according to standard.The furnace tube material metallographic structure that Fig. 2 a, Fig. 2 b are different grain size numbers.The grain size of above-mentioned centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material generally presents good high-temperature duration life at 5-5.5 level material.
The grain shape and the determined metallographic factor of influence of grain size number f (the β)=5DJ+5JX that high-temperature duration life are had to appreciable impact, in formula, DJ is grain size number value, JX is crystalline form value.When grain shape is that while intersecting the column crystal of growing, crystalline form value gets 1; When grain shape is column crystal when adding equiax crystal and proportion of equiaxed grain and being less than 20%, crystalline form value gets 8; When grain shape is column crystal when adding equiax crystal and proportion of equiaxed grain and being greater than 20%, crystalline form value gets 18.In the time that grain size number is 5-5.5 level, grain size number value gets 1, and other, get 10.
Have the determined influence function f of each factor (α, β) of appreciable impact as follows by above-mentioned gained on high-temperature duration life:
f(α,β)＝f(α)+f(β)＝aω(S)+bω(Pb)+cω(Bi)+5DJ+5JX，
And with this, centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is detected.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, this detection method is described further.
Embodiment 1
A kind of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting high-temperature duration life is had to the constant of appreciable impact and the content of trace element in table 1.
The chemical composition of table 1 centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting
ω (S)=120ppm, ω (Pb)=24.855ppm, ω (Bi)=0.297ppm, grain shape submission fork column crystal after the oxalic acid aqueous solution electro-etching that is 10% through volume fraction as shown in Figure 3, after the oxalic acid aqueous solution electro-etching that is 10% through volume fraction as shown in Figure 4, evaluating its grain size number is 5.0 grades.
Influence function is calculated as follows:
f(α,β)＝aω(S)+bω(Pb)+cω(Bi)+5DJ+5JX
＝0.2×120+1.5×24.855+30×0.297+5×1+5×1
＝80
Therefore the centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting in the present embodiment belongs to acceptability limit, so the quality grade of this centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting is A level, and without carrying out high temperature endurance performance test.
The high-temperature duration life that centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting in the present embodiment obtains through high-temperature long-lasting performance test is greater than 120 hours, meets standard-required, and test findings is in table 2.
The high-temperature duration life of table 2 centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting
Embodiment 2
A kind of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting high-temperature duration life is had to the constant of appreciable impact and the content of trace element in table 3.
The chemical composition of table 3 centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting
ω (S)=100ppm, ω (Pb)=34.216ppm, ω (Bi)=0.104ppm, after the oxalic acid aqueous solution electro-etching that is 10% through volume fraction as shown in Figure 5, grain shape is that column crystal adds equiax crystal and proportion of equiaxed grain is 10%, and after the oxalic acid aqueous solution electro-etching that is 10% through volume fraction as shown in Figure 6, evaluating its grain size number is 5.5 grades.
Influence function is calculated as follows:
f(α,β)＝aω(S)+bω(Pb)+cω(Bi)+5DJ+5JX
＝0.2×100+1.5×34.216+30×0.104+5×1+5×8
＝114
Therefore the centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting in the present embodiment belongs to defective scope, so the quality grade of this centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is B level, and need carry out high temperature endurance performance test.
The high-temperature duration life that centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting in the present embodiment obtains through high-temperature long-lasting performance test is less than 120 hours, does not meet standard-required, and test findings is in table 4.
The high-temperature duration life of table 4 centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting
Embodiment 3
A kind of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting high-temperature duration life is had to the constant of appreciable impact and the content of trace element in table 5.
The chemical composition of table 5 centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting
ω (S)=81ppm, ω (Pb)=26.31ppm, ω (Bi)=0.19ppm, grain shape submission fork column crystal after the oxalic acid aqueous solution electro-etching that is 10% through volume fraction as shown in Figure 7, after the oxalic acid aqueous solution electro-etching that is 10% through volume fraction as shown in Figure 8, evaluating its grain size number is 5.3 grades.
Influence function is calculated as follows:
f(α,β)＝aω(S)+bω(Pb)+cω(Bi)+5DJ+5JX
＝0.2×81+1.5×26.31+30×0.19+5×1+5×1
＝71
Therefore the centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting in the present embodiment belongs to acceptability limit, so the quality grade of this centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is A level, and without carrying out high temperature endurance performance test.
The high-temperature duration life that centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting in the present embodiment obtains through high-temperature long-lasting performance test is greater than 120 hours, meets standard-required, and test findings is in table 6.
The high-temperature duration life of table 6 centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting
Embodiment 4
A kind of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting high-temperature duration life is had to the constant of appreciable impact and the content of trace element in table 7.
The chemical composition of table 7 centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting
ω (S)=78ppm, ω (Pb)=6.95ppm, ω (Bi)=0.005ppm, after the oxalic acid aqueous solution electro-etching that is 10% through volume fraction as shown in Figure 9, grain shape is that column crystal adds equiax crystal and proportion of equiaxed grain is 43%, and after the oxalic acid aqueous solution electro-etching that is 10% through volume fraction as shown in figure 10, evaluating its grain size number is 5.1 grades.
Influence function is calculated as follows:
f(α,β)＝aω(S)+bω(Pb)+cω(Bi)+5DJ+5JX
＝0.2×78+1.5×6.95+30×0.005+5×1+5×18
＝121
Therefore the centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting in the present embodiment belongs to defective scope, so the quality grade of this centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is B level, and need carry out high temperature endurance performance test.
The high-temperature duration life that centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting in the present embodiment obtains through high-temperature long-lasting performance test is less than 120 hours, does not meet standard-required, and test findings is in table 8.
The high-temperature duration life of table 8 centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting
Claims (7)
1. a detection method for centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step 1, definite to centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material property influential composition influence factor f (α) and metallographic factor of influence f (β), the acquisition of described composition influence factor f (α) and metallographic factor of influence f (β) is in no particular order;
The obtaining step of described composition influence factor f (α) is as follows:
A), the chemical composition of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is analyzed, determine the high-temperature duration life of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is had to the weight content of the macroelement of appreciable impact, and the weight content of trace element in definite centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material;
Described high-temperature duration life refers to the rupture time of the centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material under 1100 DEG C, 17MPa or 1100 DEG C, 16MPa condition;
Described macroelement at least comprises S;
Described trace element at least comprises Pb and Bi;
B), S, Pb a) obtaining according to step, the weight content of Bi element, determine that composition factor of influence f (α) is suc as formula shown in (1):
f(α)＝aω(S)+bω(Pb)+cω(Bi) (1)
ω (S) in formula (1), ω (Pb), ω (Bi) is respectively S, Pb, the weight content of Bi element in centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material, and unit is ppm; The span of a is (0.18,0.22); The span of b is (1.2,1.8); The span of c is (28,32); F (α) unit is 1;
The obtaining step of described metallographic factor of influence f (β) is as follows:
C), centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is carried out to electro-etching, and the grain size grading to the centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material after etch according to GB/T6394-2002 " metal mean grain size assay method ", obtain grain size number DJ the assignment of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material, in the time that grain size number is 5-5.5 level, grain size number value gets 1, other, get 10;
Centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is carried out to electro-etching, and by the metallographic structure form of metallography microscope sem observation centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material, determine metallographic structure form JX the assignment of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material, when grain shape is that while intersecting the column crystal of growing, crystalline form value gets 1; When grain shape is column crystal when adding equiax crystal and proportion of equiaxed grain and being less than 20%, crystalline form value gets 8; When grain shape is column crystal when adding equiax crystal and proportion of equiaxed grain and being greater than 20%, crystalline form value gets 18;
D), the grain size number value and the crystalline form value that c) obtain according to step, determine that metallographic factor of influence f (β) is suc as formula shown in (2):
f(β)＝5DJ+5JX (2)
In formula (2), f (β) unit is 1;
Step 2, the composition influence factor f (α) and the metallographic factor of influence f (β) that obtain according to step 1, determine that the influence function f (α, β) that judges centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material property quality is suc as formula shown in (3):
f(α,β)＝aω(S)+bω(Pb)+cω(Bi)+5DJ+5JX (3)
2. the detection method of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material comprises 25Cr35NiNb and 35Cr45NiNb.
3. the detection method of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the step of described step 1 a) in, macroelement also comprises C, Si, Mn, P, Cr, Ni and Nb.
4. the detection method of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the step of described step 1 b) in, the value that the value that the value of a is 0.2, b is 1.5, c is 30.
5. according to the detection method of the centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting described in claim 1～4 any one, it is characterized in that: the step of described step 1 a) in, by direct-reading spectrometer, the chemical composition of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material is analyzed, and adopted photometer to determine the Determination of trace element contents of centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material.
6. according to the detection method of the centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting described in claim 1～4 any one, it is characterized in that: the step of described step 1 c) in, the oxalic acid aqueous solution that is 10% by volume fraction carries out electro-etching to furnace tube material, and etch temperature is normal temperature, time 20s.
7. according to the detection method of the centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting described in claim 1～4 any one, it is characterized in that: the step of described step 1 c) in, amplify 40 times of metallographic structure forms of observing furnace tube material by metaloscope, and the metallographic structure form JX of definite centrifugal casting alloy furnace tubes by adopting material.
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| CN104713827A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-17 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | HP-type furnace pipe structure deterioration grading method |
| CN104657612B (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2018-01-12 | 合肥通用机械研究院 | A kind of centrifugal casting furnace tube mixes refining recognition methods |
| CN105021534B (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-07-18 | 河北钢铁股份有限公司邯郸分公司 | A kind of method of detection 20CrMnTi structure of steel composition and content |
| CN105499529A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-04-20 | 青岛新力通工业有限责任公司 | Furnace tube columnar crystal texture forming method and temperature control device |
| CN111368432B (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2023-05-30 | 广东石油化工学院 | Quality detection method, storage medium and equipment for centrifugally cast alloy furnace tube |
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