Background technology
Along with the development of Building Trade in China, the improving constantly of construction machine automatization level, to the workmanship of tower machineAlso more and more higher with the requirement of its technical level. And that the speed-adjusting and control system of the jack up unit of tower machine plays is therein extremely importantEffect, the large young pathbreaker of the mechanical shock that this system produces in speed-change process directly affects the fatigue damage degree of tower machine structural member.
At present, be applied to the mode of speed regulation of tower machine lowering or hoisting gear at home and abroad, mainly contain following several:
1, the decelerator of electromagnetic clutch gearshift adds the single speed winding rotor motor with eddy-current brake, and which is due to electromagnetic clutchLife-span is short, poor reliability, and be eliminated gradually.
2, common decelerator adds the how fast winding rotor motor with eddy-current brake, and which is simple in structure, and reliability is high, but how fastThe contactor price that winding rotor motor needs is very expensive.
3, differential planetary decelerator adds bi-motor, and which speed ratio scope is large, can meet heavy-duty low-speed, underloading requirement at a high speed,But complex structure, cost is high.
4, frequency control, operate steadily without impacting, but frequency can not be too high, otherwise larger to rocking of tower machine; The one-tenth of frequency converterBen Taigao.
Several modes of speed regulation are to rely on the governor control characteristics of motor itself to realize speed governing substantially above, to the requirement of motor and controllerHigher. And for the metal belt type stepless variable device of auto continuously variable transmission, simple in structure, in the output of motor constant rotational speedIn situation, can realize stepless speed regulation, steadily absorbing. But tower machine relatively, the speed change of this kind of stepless speed change device is smaller,Variator ratio range narrower (5-6), cannot meet the normal demand of moving of tower machine. Therefore, how project organization is simple, and cost is lowHonest and clean, and tower machine stepless speed-regulating device safe and reliable to operation, be an industry difficult problem urgently to be resolved hurrily always.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of stepless speed-regulating device for tower machine and tower machine, to solve tower machine motor and controllerComplex structure, cost are high, the technical problem of poor reliability.
For achieving the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of stepless speed-regulating device for tower machine, having comprised:Driving pulley assembly, metal tape and passive belt wheel assembly, driving pulley assembly is connected with passive belt wheel assembly by metal tape; MainMovable belt pulley assembly comprises taking metal tape as the symmetrically arranged driving belt pulley shaft of symmetry axis and driving pulley; Passive belt wheel assembly comprise withMetal tape is the symmetrically arranged passive belt wheel of symmetry axis and passive belt wheel shaft; Also comprise: the planetary mechanism being connected with passive belt wheel shaft;And, the preposition fixed shaft gear train deceleration device being connected with driving belt pulley shaft and planetary mechanism.
Further, planetary mechanism comprises the sun gear being connected with passive belt wheel shaft, the tooth that connects preposition fixed shaft gear train deceleration deviceCircle, the planetary gear that engages with sun gear and gear ring and for supporting the planet carrier of planetary gear and outputting power.
Further, preposition fixed shaft gear train deceleration device comprises the first gear pair, the second gear pair, the 3rd gear pair; The first toothThe driving gear of wheel set is fixed on driving belt pulley shaft, and the driving gear of the driven gear of the first gear pair and the second gear pair is fixedOn same axle, the driving gear of the driven gear of the second gear pair and the 3rd gear pair is fixed on same axle, the 3rd gear pairDriven gear be fixed on the gear ring of planetary mechanism.
Further, comprise the safeties that are connected with driving belt pulley shaft and passive belt wheel shaft.
Further, safeties comprise driving gear, driven gear, idle pulley, one-way clutch and clutch; Driving gearBe fixed on driving belt pulley shaft, driven gear is connected on passive belt wheel shaft by bearing, and driving gear, driven gear are all with lazyWheel engagement; One end and the driven gear of one-way clutch are fixed, and the other end and passive belt wheel shaft are fixed; One end of clutch and quiltMoving gear is fixed, and the other end and passive belt wheel shaft are fixed.
Further, the tapered plate-like of driving pulley, and can on driving belt pulley shaft, slide; The tapered plate-like of passive belt wheel, andCan on passive belt wheel shaft, slide.
According to a further aspect in the invention, also provide a kind of tower machine, comprised driver element, stepless speed-regulating device, commutation clutchDevice, fixed shaft gear train reducing gear; Stepless speed-regulating device is the aforesaid stepless speed-regulating device for tower machine; Driver element connects to be usedThe driving belt pulley shaft of the stepless speed-regulating device of Yu Taji, one end of reverse clutch and planet for the stepless speed-regulating device of tower machineMechanism connects, and the other end is connected with fixed shaft gear train reducing gear.
Further, fixed shaft gear train reducing gear comprises the first speed reducing gear pair, the second speed reducing gear pair, the 3rd speed reducing gear pair;The active reduction gearing of the first speed reducing gear pair is connected with reverse clutch, the involuntary speed reduction gear and second of the first speed reducing gear pairThe active reduction gearing of speed reducing gear pair is fixed on same axle, the involuntary speed reduction gear of the second speed reducing gear pair and the 3rd reducing gearThe active reduction gearing of wheel set is fixed on same axle, and the involuntary speed reduction gear of the 3rd speed reducing gear pair is clutch end.
Further, comprise the brake being connected with fixed shaft gear train reducing gear.
Further, driver element is motor.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, stepless speed-regulating device utilizes metal belt type stepless variable device as arrangements for speed regulation, replaces the speed-regulating function of original motor,Motor only plays the effect that power is provided, and therefore the requirement of motor and controller reduces, and designs simplification only need to use commonMotor, reduced cost; And stepless speed change device speed governing is steady, nothing is impacted.
2, use planetary mechanism to be combined with metal belt type stepless variable device, the speed reducing ratio of system is increased, ratio coverage increases,Can meet tower machine heavy-duty low-speed, underloading requirement at a high speed.
3, system works is safe and reliable, even if safeties have ensured that, in the time that metal tape lost efficacy, whole system also can complete safelyHoist or decline work.
Except object described above, feature and advantage, the present invention also has other object, feature and advantage. BelowWith reference to figure, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are elaborated, but the present invention can be defined by the claims and coverMultitude of different ways implement.
Refer to Fig. 1, the preferred embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of stepless speed-regulating device for tower machine, comprising: driving pulleyAssembly, metal tape 115 and passive belt wheel assembly, driving pulley assembly is connected with passive belt wheel assembly by metal tape 115. MainMovable belt pulley assembly comprises taking metal tape 115 as the symmetrically arranged driving belt pulley shaft 111 of symmetry axis and driving pulley 113; Passive belt wheelAssembly comprises taking metal tape 115 as the symmetrically arranged passive belt wheel 117 of symmetry axis and passive belt wheel shaft 119. Driving belt pulley shaft 111Be positioned at a side of metal tape 115 with passive belt wheel 117, driving pulley 113 and passive belt wheel shaft 119 are positioned at metal tape 115Opposite side.
Planetary mechanism 15 comprises the sun gear 151 that is connected with passive belt wheel shaft 119, connect preposition fixed shaft gear train deceleration device 13Gear ring 157, the planetary gear 153 engaging with sun gear 151 and gear ring 157 and for supporting planetary gear 153 and outputting powerPlanet carrier 155.
Preposition fixed shaft gear train deceleration device 13 comprises the first gear pair 131, the second gear pair 133, the 3rd gear pair 135; FirstThe driving gear of gear pair 131 is fixed on driving belt pulley shaft 111, the driven gear of the first gear pair 131 and the second gear pair133 driving gear is fixed on same axle, and the driving gear of the driven gear of the second gear pair 133 and the 3rd gear pair 135 is solidFix on same axle, the driven gear of the 3rd gear pair 135 is fixed on the gear ring 157 of planetary mechanism 15.
The stepless speed-regulating device for tower machine that this preferred embodiment provides, its specific implementation process is as follows:
Wherein, power is inputted from driving belt pulley shaft 111, is passed to planetary mechanism 15 through metal tape 115 and passive belt wheel assemblySun gear 151, then, power flows out from planetary mechanism 15 two-way, and a road is through gear ring 157 and preposition fixed shaft gear train deceleration device13 flow back to, and row success rate refluxes; Export through the planet carrier 155 of planetary mechanism 15 on another road. Driving pulley assembly, metal like thisBe with 115 and passive belt wheel assembly composition stepless speed-regulating device realize stepless speed regulation, planetary mechanism 15 power reflux and can realize large subtractingSpeed ratio and large speed reducing ratio the scope ratio of minimum deceleration ratio (the maximum speed-up ratio with).
Preferably, for ensureing that, in the situation that metal tape 115 lost efficacy, whole system can normally be worked, improve whole system canLean on property. The aforementioned stepless speed-regulating device for tower machine, also comprises the guarantor who is connected with driving belt pulley shaft 111 and passive belt wheel shaft 119Danger device 17. Safeties 17 comprise driving gear 171, driven gear 175, idle pulley 173, one-way clutch 177 and fromClose device 179. Driving gear 171 is fixed on driving belt pulley shaft 111, and driven gear 175 is connected to passive belt wheel shaft by bearingOn 119, driving gear 171, driven gear 175 all engage with idle pulley 173. One end of one-way clutch 177 and driven gear175 is fixing, and the other end and passive belt wheel shaft 119 are fixing. One end of clutch 179 and driven gear 175 is fixing, the other end withPassive belt wheel shaft 119 is fixing.
Preferably, the tapered plate-like of driving pulley 113, and can on driving belt pulley shaft 111, slide; Passive belt wheel 117 is coneShape plate-like can be slided on passive belt wheel shaft 119. This kind of structure, capable of regulating driving pulley assembly, passive belt wheel assembly and goldBelong to the contact radius with 115, to meet the object of stepless speed regulation.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention also provide a kind of tower machine, comprise driver element, stepless speed-regulating device, reverse clutch 3,Fixed shaft gear train reducing gear 5.
Stepless speed-regulating device is the aforesaid stepless speed-regulating device for tower machine; Driver element connects the stepless-adjustment quick-mounting for tower machineThe driving belt pulley shaft 111 of putting, for tower machine provides driving power. One end of reverse clutch 3 with for the stepless speed-regulating device of tower machinePlanetary mechanism 15 connect, the other end is connected with fixed shaft gear train reducing gear 5. For controlling the defeated of fixed shaft gear train reducing gear 5Enter the rotating speed that rotating speed exports with planet carrier 155 identical or contrary, and rising or the decline of control tower workpiece that machine hangs.
Preferably, for further reducing rotating speed, increase moment of torsion, meet the need of work of tower machine. Fixed shaft gear train reducing gear 5 wrapsDraw together the first speed reducing gear pair 100, the second speed reducing gear pair 101, the 3rd speed reducing gear pair 102. The first speed reducing gear pair 100Initiatively reduction gearing is connected with reverse clutch 3, the involuntary speed reduction gear of the first speed reducing gear pair 100 and the second speed reducing gear pair101 active reduction gearing is fixed on same axle, the involuntary speed reduction gear of the second speed reducing gear pair 101 and the 3rd speed reducing gear pair102 active reduction gearing is fixed on same axle, and the involuntary speed reduction gear of the 3rd speed reducing gear pair 102 is clutch end.
Preferably, tower machine also comprises the brake 7 being connected with fixed shaft gear train reducing gear 5. In emergency or other feelings that needUnder condition, operator can use brake 7 that fixed shaft gear train reducing gear 5 is stopped operating, and whole tower machine is shut down, anti-Only security incident occurs.
Preferably, driver element is common motor, further reduces equipment cost.
The tower machine that this preferred embodiment provides, its specific implementation process is as follows:
The output speed n of motor0Through stepless speed-regulating device (gear ratio ic) after speed change, the rotating speed that arrives sun gear 151 isns=n0/ic. Because the driving gear of the first gear pair 131 is fixed on driving belt pulley shaft 111, its rotating speed and motor turn simultaneouslySpeed is identical, i.e. n0, through the preposition fixed shaft gear train deceleration device 13 (total reduction ratio-i that slows downa, "-" represents contrary with motor speed)After, the rotating speed that arrives gear ring 157 is nr=-n0/ia, according to the characteristic of planetary mechanism, have
ns+anr-(1+a)nc, the characterisitic parameter that wherein α is planetary mechanism, the gear ratio that its value is gear ring and sun gear.
So
From the speed ratio that planet carrier 155 is exported that is input to of motor
Due to icCan be at icmin~icmaxInterior variation continuously, ratio coverageioAlso can change continuously within the specific limits,Its excursion is
Be that ratio coverage is
For a certain specific stepless speed change device, dcAnd icminFor definite value, by conversionValue, can obtain need doValue, for example, dc=5.5,icmin=0.4, need do=20,Value 2.883.
Visible, the present invention can obtain very large ratio coverage, meets tower machine heavy-duty low-speed, underloading requirement at a high speed.
Weak link of the present invention is at metal tape 115, and its failure mode is fracture. If metal tape 115 ruptures, sun gear 151There is no the power from motor, its rotating speed declines gradually, and the rotating speed of exporting from planet carrier 155 is corresponding decline also, therefore metalWhile being with 115 just fracture, whole system is safe. But while dropping to a certain value along with sun gear 151 rotating speeds, planet carrier 155The rotating speed of output reduces to 0, then oppositely accelerates to rotate, and produces dangerous. Safeties 17 can play a protective role, and prevent above-mentionedDangerous generation. Its protection main process is as follows:
The driving gear 171 of safeties 17 and the speed reducing ratio i of driven gear 175bBe slightly larger than icmax, due to driving gear 171Consistent (the n of rotating speed of rotating speed and driving belt pulley shaft 1110), so while normally work, the rotating speed (n of driven gear 1750/ib)All the time be less than the rotating speed (n of passive belt wheel shaft 1190/ic), one-way clutch 177 is not worked. In the time that metal tape 115 lost efficacy,Sun gear 151 and passive belt wheel shaft 119 rotating speeds decline, when dropping to n0/ibTime, one-way clutch 177 is worked, and makes passive beltThe rotating speed of wheel shaft 119 is consistent with the rotating speed of driven gear 175, no longer decline, the rotating speed of exporting from planet carrier 155 also no longerFall, the movement velocity of workpiece also no longer changes, and runs to terminal with this speed.
Clutch 179 plays dual fail-safe effect together with one-way clutch 177. Clutch 179, in normally open, is worked as metalWhile being with 115 inefficacy, obtaining instruction and engage, making the rotating speed of passive belt wheel shaft 119 consistent with the rotating speed of driven gear 175. ByBy hydraulic control, and be according to the passive work of instruction in clutch 179, action is understood some and is lagged behind, therefore one-way clutch 177Can make up the defect of clutch 179.
The effect of idle pulley 173 is the rotation directions that change driven gear 175, makes it consistent with passive belt wheel shaft 119 rotation directions.
As can be seen from the above description, the above embodiments of the present invention have realized following technique effect:
1, stepless speed-regulating device utilizes metal belt type stepless variable device as arrangements for speed regulation, replaces the speed-regulating function of original motor,Motor only plays the effect that power is provided, and therefore the requirement of motor and controller reduces, and designs simplification only need to use commonMotor, reduced cost; And stepless speed change device speed governing is steady, nothing is impacted.
2, use planetary mechanism to be combined with metal belt type stepless variable device, the speed reducing ratio of system is increased, ratio coverage increases,Can meet tower machine heavy-duty low-speed, underloading requirement at a high speed.
3, system works is safe and reliable, even if safeties have ensured that, in the time that metal tape lost efficacy, whole system also can complete safelyHoist or decline work.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment of doing, etc.With replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.