CN103334043A - Magnetic alloy serving as magnetic refrigeration material - Google Patents
Magnetic alloy serving as magnetic refrigeration material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103334043A CN103334043A CN2013102511613A CN201310251161A CN103334043A CN 103334043 A CN103334043 A CN 103334043A CN 2013102511613 A CN2013102511613 A CN 2013102511613A CN 201310251161 A CN201310251161 A CN 201310251161A CN 103334043 A CN103334043 A CN 103334043A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic alloy. The chemical general formula of the magnetic alloy is (Mn100-deltaCodelta) alphaNibetaGegamma, wherein alpha is more than or equal to 25 and less than or equal to 40, beta is more than or equal to 25 and less than or equal to 40, gamma is more than or equal to 25 and less than or equal to 40, alpha+beta+gamma is equal to 100, delta is more than 0 and less than 50, and alpha, beta, gamma and delta refer to the atomic percent content. The magnetic alloy has a huge magnetocaloric effect and high magnetic refrigeration efficiency and can stably operate in a wide temperature range temperature area by serving as a magnetic refrigeration working medium. The required raw materials Mn, Co, Ni and Ge are the conventional metal elements which are low in price, rich in reserves and easy to store. The material is simple and reliable in preparation process, high in process stability and easy to industrially produce. The provided magnetic material (Mn100-deltaCodelta) alphaNibetaGegamma with the huge magnetocaloric effect has excellent comprehensive performance and is an ideal Mn-based non-rare earth magnetic refrigeration candidate material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to magnetic refrigerating material, particularly relate to a kind of magneticalloy that can be used as magnetic refrigerating material.
Background technology
Common magnetic refrigerating material has a kind of crystalline structure (hereinafter referred to as the high temperature phase) under high relatively temperature, and under low relatively temperature spontaneous another crystalline structure (hereinafter referred to as the low temperature phase) that becomes.When from higher greenhouse cooling to lower temperature, material changes the low temperature phase into mutually from high temperature.Conversely, from low relatively temperature heating material, material can change the high temperature phase into mutually from low temperature, and this opposite transformation mutually is called the reverse transformation of crystalline structure.
Usually, have the material of this phase transformation at extraneous physical condition, under the effect as temperature, pressure or magnetic field, when causing the crystalline structure phase transformation, also be accompanied by the variation of magnetism of material, this is called magnetic-structure coupling phenomenon.The variation of structure can cause structure entropy to change.Meanwhile, the generation of structural phase transition also can bring the transformation of material magnetic attitude, thereby produces the variation of magnetic entropy.Because the entropy attitude of material changes, material can absorb or release of heat to external world, forms heat effect.When applying foreign field, material can bring out in magnetic field and issue that the magnetisation bullet changes or magnetic-structural transformation and the entropy attitude that produces the magnetic order degree changes, and forms the big magnetothermal effect of magnetic field control, and environment generation heat exchange to external world can be applied to solid-state magnetic Refrigeration Technique.
The magnetic Refrigeration Technique has advantages such as environmental protection, noise are low, high-level efficiency, is the new technology of refrigerating industry and new development trend.1881, people found magnetothermal effect at the magnetic order-unordered Curie temperature transition point of iron first.After this, people begin to attempt to adopt magnetic entropy attitude before and after the ferromagnetic substance magnetic phase transition to change environment is freezed.1933, people such as Giauque adopted paramagnetic ion salt working medium to carry out adiabatic demagnetization, have obtained the extremely low temperature of 0.53K.In 100 years of development, people have successively found a series of magnetic refrigerating material working medium.Wherein, be operated near the magnetic refrigerating material of room temperature, Gd, Gd-Si-Ge, La-Fe-Si, Mn-Fe-P-As, Ni-Co-Mn-Sn etc. become the magnetic refrigerating material candidate working medium of better performances.
In recent years, because magnetic-material that the structure coupling takes place has the big variation of structure entropy and magnetic entropy simultaneously, this class material becomes the emerging magnetic refrigerating material of a class, shows big magnetic refrigeration capacity.Yet, in these have developed the magnetic refrigerating material that, remain in many weak points.For these materials, generally near 20J/kgK, refrigeration capacity is limited in magnetothermal effect; For the rare earth compound refrigerating material, a high proportion of valuable rare earth metal that contains makes application cost too high; In a lot of systems, the heat effect direction that the heat effect of structure Entropy Changes and magnetic entropy become is opposite, has offset effective heat effect; And the refrigeration work warm area of most of material is narrower, and any one that can only be operated in low temperature, middle temperature or the room temperature has in the warm area of limit for width.Have Gradient distribution or change bigger occasion (under the bigger situation of the temperature difference) for working temperature, can only be used in combination by the magnetic refrigerating material that employing belongs to the differing materials system.And because different material systems, required work system is different as externally-applied magnetic field, heat-transfer medium etc., for a plurality of differing materials systems, just needs a plurality of work systems, can cause whole refrigeration system bulky complex like this, and is not easy to operate.The problem that these are existing has hindered the desirable practical working medium that existing magnetic refrigerating material becomes the magnetic Refrigeration Technique.
Along with the development of novel material and refrigeration techniques, solid-state magnetic refrigeration more and more becomes New Refrigerating technology likely.Desirable magnetic refrigeration working substance still remains further to be developed, and the design of novel magnetic refrigerating material and discovery are the directions that people make great efforts.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is one of above-mentioned defective at existing in the prior art, and a kind of new magneticalloy is provided.Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of magneticsubstance with big magnetothermal effect.A further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of magneticalloy that can regulate and control in bigger composition and temperature range, the heat effect of the structure Entropy Changes of this magneticalloy is consistent with the heat effect that magnetic entropy becomes inhaling the heat release direction, its effective magnetic refrigerating efficiency is improved greatly, have range of application more widely.
In order to realize purpose of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of magneticalloy, its chemical general formula is (Mn
100-δCo
δ)
αNi
βGe
γ, wherein, 25≤α≤40,25≤β≤40,25≤γ≤40, alpha+beta+γ=100,0＜δ＜50, α, β, γ, δ represent atom percentage content.Here, the subscript of component is represented the atom number degree of corresponding element in alloy respectively in the chemical general formula.
Preferably, 30≤α≤37,30≤β≤37,30≤γ≤37.Described magneticalloy is Mn more preferably
30Co
4Ni
33Ge
33
The present invention also provides a kind of magnetic refrigerating material, is formed by above-mentioned magneticalloy.
The present invention yet provides the application of a kind of above-mentioned magneticalloy as magnetic refrigerating material.
The beneficial effect that technical solution of the present invention is brought is:
1) magneticsubstance provided by the invention demonstrates the ferromagnetic in opposite directions low temperature of paramagnetic high temperature and changes mutually, shows big magnetic contrast.Under the outside magnetic field effect, the magnetic-structural transformation under this magneticsubstance generation field drives shows huge magnetothermal effect.Because it is consistent that the heat effect direction that the heat effect of the structure Entropy Changes of this kind magneticsubstance and magnetic entropy become remains, so its effective heat effect is enhanced, and the magnetic refrigerating efficiency improves greatly.
2) magneticalloy of the present invention changes mutually from 90K to 260K and can both continue efficient generation along with the variation of composition, magnetic refrigeration working substance can be in wide temperature range warm area steady operation.As required, can also provide single composition material or multicomponent gradient material to freeze.Be the occasion of single warm area for working temperature, can choose the phase transition temperature magneticalloy identical or close with working temperature and get final product; And have thermograde or change bigger occasion (situation bigger as the temperature difference) for working temperature, then can adopt by the phase transition temperature a plurality of magneticalloys combinations corresponding with a plurality of working temperatures difference.Because these magneticalloys all belong to the same material system, therefore, can adopt identical work system, and are simple in structure, be easy to control.
3) starting material Mn required for the present invention, Co, Ni, Ge be cheap, reserves enrich, the transition element that is easy to store.Have low specific heat, high thermal conductivity by its magnetic alloy material of forming, magnetic working medium has tangible temperature variation and can carry out heat exchange fast.Because magnetic alloy material of the present invention can freeze in wide temperature range, therefore insensitive to chemical ingredients, stability is good.
4) the present invention also has good moulding processability, can be processed into different shape and use, as band or bulk.The equipment that adopts can and get rid of carrying equipment for the melting of routine, need not other optional equipment.The preparation technology of material is simple, reliable, and technology stability is good, is easy to suitability for industrialized production.
5) magneticsubstance (Mn with big magnetothermal effect provided by the invention
100-δCo
δ)
αNi
βGe
γHaving excellent comprehensive performances, is the desirable non-Rare-Earth Magnetic refrigeration of Mn base candidate material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the Mn that the embodiment of the invention 1 obtains
30Co
3Ni
30Ge
37The X ray diffracting spectrum of alloy.
Fig. 2 is the Mn that the embodiment of the invention 4 obtains
22Co
15Ni
33Ge
30Alloy is the specific magnetising moment-magneticstrength curve during differing temps in phase transition process.
Fig. 3 is the Mn that the embodiment of the invention 5 obtains
30Co
4Ni
33Ge
33The specific magnetising moment-temperature curve under the alloy upfield.
Fig. 4 is the Mn that the embodiment of the invention 5 obtains
30Co
4Ni
33Ge
33Magnetic entropy change-temperature curve in the alloy phase change process.
Fig. 5 is the Mn that the embodiment of the invention 6 obtains
26Co
7Ni
33Ge
34The specific magnetising moment-temperature curve under the alloy downfield.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail.
This embodiment preparation consists of Mn
30Co
3Ni
30Ge
37The magneticalloy bulk, each element subscript is represented the atom number degree of corresponding element in alloy respectively.For example, Mn
30Co
3Ni
30Ge
37Alloy is represented is that to contain atomic percent in this alloy be 30% Mn element, and atomic percent is 3% Co element, and atomic percent is that 30% Ni element and atomic percent are 37% Ge element.In other embodiment, also do same interpretation.
Step 1.1: press the molar ratio of Mn:Co:Ni:Ge=30:3:30:37, weighing purity respectively is 99.9% Mn, Co, Ni, Ge raw metal;
Step 1.2: the raw material that weighs up is put into crucible, with mechanical pump vacuum tightness is evacuated to 2 * 10
-3Below the Pa, feed argon gas as shielding gas, adopt arc melting method melting polycrystalline sample ingot, melting electric current 100A, each sample upset 3 times, congruent melting refining 4 times is even to guarantee composition;
Step 1.3: the button spindle material seal that obtains carried out homogenizing annealing in 120 hours 850 ℃ of annealing and handles, and then be cooled to room temperature with 2 ℃/second rate of temperature fall in the vitreosil pipe, obtained the block ingot of the uniform diameter 1cm of composition;
Step 1.4: the sample that above-mentioned polycrystalline bulk ingot is become 4 * 4 * 8mm with the WEDM processing and preparing; Get sample segment simultaneously and grind, be prepared into powder.Measure various rerum naturas, sample is the high temperature phase in room temperature, and its X ray diffracting spectrum is seen Fig. 1.The transformation temperature of sample and magnetic entropy variate see Table 1.
Preparation consists of Mn
23Co
10Ni
32Ge
35The magneticalloy band:
Step 2.1: press the molar ratio of Mn:Co:Ni:Ge=23:10:32:35, weighing purity respectively is 99.9% Mn, Co, Ni, Ge raw metal;
Step 2.2: the raw material that weighs up is put into crucible, with mechanical pump vacuum tightness is evacuated to 2 * 10
-3Below the Pa, feed argon gas as shielding gas, adopt arc melting method melting polycrystalline sample ingot, melting electric current 100A, each sample upset 3 times, congruent melting refining 4 times is even to guarantee composition;
Step 2.3: the button spindle material seal that obtains carried out homogenizing annealing in 120 hours 850 ℃ of annealing and handles, and then be cooled to room temperature with 2 ℃/second rate of temperature fall in the vitreosil pipe;
Step 2.4: the button spindle after will annealing is put into the silica tube that a bottom has aperture, is placed to and gets rid of in the band machine furnace chamber, is evacuated down to 10
-3Below the Pa, feed high-purity argon gas in the furnace chamber, pressure is-0.05MPa, adopt induction heating, make alloy be in molten state, open gas control valve then, be blown into the high-purity argon gas with 0.05MPa from silica tube top and molten alloy liquid be ejected on the copper wheel of high speed rotating that linear velocity is 25m/s throw away fast from aperture, the acquisition width is that 3-4mm, thickness are the band of 30-40 μ m.The transformation temperature of sample and magnetic entropy variate see Table 1.
Embodiment 3
Preparation consists of Mn
24Co
6Ni
37Ge
33Magneticalloy: except the molar ratio of component is Mn:Co:Ni:Ge=24:6:37:33, and the sample annealing temperature is 900 ℃, and annealing time is outside 96 hours, and all the other steps are with embodiment 1.The transformation temperature of sample and magnetic entropy variate see Table 1.
Embodiment 4
Preparation consists of Mn
22Co
15Ni
33Ge
30Magneticalloy: except the molar ratio of component is Mn:Co:Ni:Ge=22:15:33:30, and the argon pressure that gets rid of in the band machine furnace chamber is 0.08MPa, and the copper wheel rotating speed is outside the 20m/s, and all the other steps are with embodiment 2.The transformation temperature of sample and magnetic entropy variate see Table 1.This alloy in phase transition process during differing temps the specific magnetising moment-the magneticstrength curve as shown in Figure 2.
Preparation consists of Mn
30Co
4Ni
33Ge
33Magneticalloy: except the molar ratio of component is Mn:Co:Ni:Ge=30:4:33:33, and the sample annealing temperature is 1000 ℃, and annealing time is outside 72 hours, and all the other steps are with embodiment 1.The transformation temperature of sample and magnetic entropy variate see Table 1.The specific magnetising moment-the temperature curve of this alloy under the upfield seen Fig. 3, can see the generation of magnetic-structure coupling phase transformation; Magnetic entropy change-temperature curve in this alloy phase change process is seen Fig. 4, under the changes of magnetic field amount of 50ke, can obtain-the huge magnetic entropy of 42J/kgK becomes, and shows significant magnetothermal effect.In addition, for Mn
30Co
4Ni
33Ge
33Material, its room temperature are the high temperature phase, and along with the reduction of temperature, crystalline structure changes the low temperature phase into mutually by high temperature, and the structure entropy of material reduces.And as can be seen from Figure 4, in the process of low temperature, change from small to big by its specific magnetising moment by high temperature for this material, and material magnetic order degree strengthens gradually, and magnetic entropy reduces.This shows that the structure Entropy Changes of this material is identical with the heat effect direction that magnetic entropy becomes, therefore have very strong refrigeration capacity.
Embodiment 6
Preparation consists of Mn
26Co
7Ni
33Ge
34Magneticalloy: except the molar ratio of component is Mn:Co:Ni:Ge=26:7:33:34, and the argon pressure that gets rid of in the band machine furnace chamber is 0.06MPa, and the copper wheel rotating speed is outside the 30m/s, and all the other steps are with embodiment 2.The transformation temperature of sample and magnetic entropy variate see Table 1.The specific magnetising moment-the temperature curve of this alloy under downfield can be seen the generation of magnetic-structure coupling phase transformation as shown in Figure 5.
(the Mn of table 1 heterogeneity
100-δCo
δ)
αNi
βGe
γThe transformation temperature of material and in 50kOe magnetic field
Magnetic entropy variate during variable quantity.
As can be seen from Table 1, for Mn
30Co
4Ni
33Ge
33, its magnetothermal effect has far exceeded the amplitude of putting down in writing in the prior art up to-42J/kgK.And for the alloy of other compositions, magnetothermal effect also relatively significantly.And along with the variation of composition, (Mn
100-δCo
δ)
αNi
βGe
γThe transformation mutually of alloy can both take place from 95K to 255K, show such alloy system can be in wide temperature range warm area steady operation.According to this character, can be made into a kind of cooling module, described cooling module comprises a plurality of (Mn of heterogeneity
100-δCo
δ)
αNi
βGe
γAlloy.In one embodiment, cooling module can have laminate structure, and each layer is by (the Mn that is different from other composition of layer
100-δCo
δ)
αNi
βGe
γAlloy composition.As can be with Mn
30Co
4Ni
33Ge
33, Mn
23Co
10Ni
32Ge
35, Mn
22Co
15Ni
33Ge
30Form the cooling module of three-decker, this cooling module can be worked near 235K, 160K and 95K temperature.In another embodiment, cooling module also can be formed array structure by a plurality of modules, and each module is by (the Mn that is different from other composition of layer
100-δCo
δ)
αNi
βGe
γAlloy composition.Cooling module of the present invention can be applied in the middle of the environment with a plurality of working temperatures.According to aforesaid cooling module, a kind of refrigeration system can also be provided, comprise aforesaid cooling module and externally-applied magnetic field.Externally-applied magnetic field can be provided by superconducting magnet, permanent magnet or electromagnet.
Though the specific embodiment of the present invention has been described,, it will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that under situation without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and can make other variations and modifications to it.Therefore, claims are intended to cover all such changes and modifications that fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. magneticalloy, its chemical general formula is (Mn
100-δCo
δ)
αNi
βGe
γ, wherein, 25≤α≤40,25≤β≤40,25≤γ≤40, alpha+beta+γ=100,0＜δ＜50, α, β, γ, δ represent atom percentage content.
2. magneticalloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that, 30≤α≤37,30≤β≤37,30≤γ≤37.
3. magneticalloy according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described magneticalloy is Mn
30Co
4Ni
33Ge
33
4. a magnetic refrigerating material is formed by each described magneticalloy among the claim 1-3.
Among the claim 1-3 each described magneticalloy as the application of magnetic refrigerating material.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106191616A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | A kind of magnetic phase transition alloy |
| CN106636843A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-05-10 | 北京工业大学 | MnNiSi-based magnetic alloy capable of serving as magnetic refrigeration material |
| CN107841674A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-03-27 | 上海电力学院 | A kind of magnetic refrigerating material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1750181A (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2006-03-22 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Semimetal magnetic material with high spinning polarizability |
| CN101037737A (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2007-09-19 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Magnetic material having magnetic field driven martensitic transformation effect and preparation method thereof |
| CN101055777A (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2007-10-17 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Magnetic material with the magnetic field driving martensite phase change effect and its making method |
| CN101826385A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-09-08 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Magnetic material with exchange bias effect and preparation method thereof |
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2013
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| JPS6230829A (en) * | 1985-08-02 | 1987-02-09 | Natl Res Inst For Metals | Working substance for magnetic refrigeration and its production |
| CN1750181A (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2006-03-22 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Semimetal magnetic material with high spinning polarizability |
| CN101055777A (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2007-10-17 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Magnetic material with the magnetic field driving martensite phase change effect and its making method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106191616A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | A kind of magnetic phase transition alloy |
| CN106191616B (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2018-06-26 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | A kind of magnetic phase transition alloy |
| CN106636843A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-05-10 | 北京工业大学 | MnNiSi-based magnetic alloy capable of serving as magnetic refrigeration material |
| CN107841674A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-03-27 | 上海电力学院 | A kind of magnetic refrigerating material and preparation method thereof |
| CN107841674B (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2020-03-13 | 上海电力学院 | Magnetic refrigeration material and preparation method thereof |
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