CN103330570B - X-ray collimator, X ray colimated light system and mobile CT scanner - Google Patents

X-ray collimator, X ray colimated light system and mobile CT scanner Download PDF

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CN103330570B
CN103330570B CN201310152478.1A CN201310152478A CN103330570B CN 103330570 B CN103330570 B CN 103330570B CN 201310152478 A CN201310152478 A CN 201310152478A CN 103330570 B CN103330570 B CN 103330570B
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ray
collimator
light system
square
colimated light
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CN103330570A (en
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徐如祥
高枫
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General Hospital Of Beijing Military Command P L A
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/44Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4405Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis the apparatus being movable or portable, e.g. handheld or mounted on a trolley
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03Computed tomography [CT]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/06Diaphragms
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21KTECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/02Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/42Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4291Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis the detector being combined with a grid or grating

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of x-ray collimator, X ray colimated light system and mobile CT scanner, this x-ray collimator includes square body, on described square body along its length on offer square gap. This X ray colimated light system, including: x-ray source, the X ray emitting light path of described x-ray source is provided with above-mentioned collimator. This moves CT scanner, including above-mentioned X ray colimated light system. The X-ray beam that X-ray tube is sent by the x-ray collimator of the present invention by the mode absorbed is limited in the scope that detector is able to receive that, excellent performance, it is to avoid the radiation dose that tested absorption of human body is extra. The rear collimator of the present invention is then put before the detectors, absorbs X-ray of scattering, improves the signal to noise ratio of the signal that detector collects.

Description

X-ray collimator, X ray colimated light system and mobile CT scanner
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of medical device, be specifically related to a kind of x-ray collimator, X ray colimated light system and mobile CT scanner.
Background technology
When X ray is for time in medical examination apparatus, X-ray tube sends X-ray beam, and detector needs to receive the X-ray beam that X-ray tube sends. Collimator is used to be limited in the scope that detector is able to receive that by the mode absorbed by X-ray beam, it is to avoid the radiation dose that tested absorption of human body is extra. Existing collimator serviceability is poor, it is impossible to effectively prevent from human body is damaged.
Summary of the invention
Brief overview about the present invention given below, in order to the basic comprehension about certain aspects of the invention is provided. Should be appreciated that this general introduction is not that the exhaustive about the present invention is summarized. It is not intended to determine the key of the present invention or pith, and nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It is only intended to and provides some concept in simplified form, in this, as the preamble in greater detail discussed after a while.
The purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is the defect for above-mentioned prior art, there is provided a kind of serviceability good, can the X-ray beam that X-ray tube sends be limited in the scope that detector is able to receive that, it is to avoid the x-ray collimator of the radiation dose that tested absorption of human body is extra.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides for a kind of X ray colimated light system and mobile CT scanner.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that:
A kind of x-ray collimator, including square body, on described square body along its length on offer square gap.
The present invention provides a kind of X ray colimated light system, including: x-ray source, the X ray emitting light path of described x-ray source is provided with above-mentioned collimator.
The invention provides a kind of mobile CT scanner, including above-mentioned X ray colimated light system.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The X-ray beam that X-ray tube is sent by the x-ray collimator of the present invention by the mode absorbed is limited in the scope that detector is able to receive that, excellent performance, it is to avoid the radiation dose that tested absorption of human body is extra. The rear collimator of the present invention is then put before the detectors, absorbs X-ray of scattering, improves the signal to noise ratio of the signal that detector collects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art will be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the premise not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
The structural representation of a kind of x-ray collimator that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The structural representation of the X ray colimated light system that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The rear collimator geometry schematic diagram that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The relation curve of the square partition body thickness that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention and height;
The edge detection unit that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the present invention is blocked schematic diagram by square partition body;
The edge detection unit efficiencies loss curve chart that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The rear collimator design schematic diagram that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 passes the scattering angular distribution figure after 20cm water mould for the 80keVX photon that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Accompanying drawing labelling:
The square body of 1-; 2-gap; 3-X radiographic source; 4-X ray collimator; 5-detector; Collimator after 6-; 7-focus.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments. Can combine with the element shown in one or more other accompanying drawing or embodiment and feature at the element described in the accompanying drawing of the present invention or a kind of embodiment and feature. It should be noted that, for purposes of clarity, accompanying drawing and eliminate expression and the description of unrelated to the invention, parts known to persons of ordinary skill in the art and process in illustrating. Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under not paying creative work premise, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of x-ray collimator, including square body 1, on square body 1 along its length on offer square gap 2.
The x-ray collimator restriction X-ray outgoing scope of the present invention, serviceability is good, reduces absorbed dose, it is prevented that tested human body is damaged. The x-ray collimator of the present invention is a kind of front collimator, is placed between X-ray tube and human body, is more precisely between filter and human body.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, the material of square body 1 is tungsten alloy, it is preferable that the alloy of tungsten, nickel and ferrum, and wherein the weight percentage of tungsten is 93%, and the weight percentage of nickel is 5%, and the weight percentage of ferrum is 2%, and tungsten alloy density value is 17.5g/cm3.Tungsten-rhenium alloy can also be selected.
In order to reduce the radial space shared by collimator, reducing the thickness of collimator, the material selection tungsten alloy of collimator is as thin slice. Although the alloy of tungsten, nickel and ferrum is than pure tungsten (19.3g/cm3) density lower, but the ratio good toughness of pure tungsten, it is not easy to fracture, shock-resistant ability is strong, and yield rate is high. Adopt tungsten-rhenium alloy to increase pliability, reduce fragility.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, the length in gap 2 is 65-75mm; And/or, the width in gap 1 is 3-6mm; And/or, the thickness of square body 1 is 2-4mm.
By adopting the thickness of the length in above-mentioned gap, width and square body, x-ray collimator serviceability is more excellent.
Due to the not desirable point source of x-ray source, but there is certain physical dimension, so adopting monte carlo method that imaging system has been carried out physical modeling. According to x-ray collimator location in imaging systems, the X ray that the x-ray source with certain size is produced is simulated calculating through the intensity distributions of the collimator arrival detector of different in width.
Due to the machine error inevitably existed in actual installation process, consider the alignment error of x-ray collimator �� 0.1mm, and reduce the difference of edge pixel and the received X-ray intensity of center pixel, it is necessary to suitably increase the seam width in the gap of x-ray collimator. Then, through considering, the best design parameter of x-ray collimator is:
The length in gap 2 is 70mm; The width in gap 2 is 4mm; The thickness of square body 1 is 3mm.
Referring to Fig. 2, a kind of X ray colimated light system, including: x-ray source 3, the X ray emitting light path of x-ray source 3 is provided with x-ray collimator 4.
X-ray collimator is for, in X ray colimated light system, reducing absorbed dose, it is prevented that human body is damaged.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, also include detector 5 and plural rear collimator 6, being sequentially provided with x-ray collimator 4, rear collimator 6 and detector 5 on the X ray emitting light path of x-ray source 3, plural rear collimator 6 is arranged on detector 5 in the way of middle convergent type.
Rear collimator is made up of highdensity tungsten alloy sheet, and rear collimator can absorb scattering X-ray, improves signal to noise ratio.
The alloy of the preferred tungsten of material of rear collimator, nickel and ferrum, wherein the weight percentage of tungsten is 93%, and the weight percentage of nickel is 5%, and the weight percentage of ferrum is 2%, and tungsten alloy density value is 17.5g/cm3. Tungsten-rhenium alloy can also be selected. There is good toughness, it is not easy to fracture, be suitable for doing the advantage of thin slice.
Being generally adopted arranged in parallel between square partition body and the square partition body of the rear collimator of the present invention, its center distance is determined by the unit size of detector, and its thickness is limited by the interval between probe unit. Due to detector scintillator cells (0.65mm) and packed layer (0.1mm) size it has been determined that after the gauge of square partition body of collimator there has been physical constraint. Its maximum gauge not can exceed that 0.1mm. Thickness and the height value of partition is now provided according to result of calculation.
Fig. 3 is shown in by the square partition body thickness of rear collimator and the geometry schematic diagram of height relationships. Be arranged in parallel on detector 5 multiple rear collimator 6. Wherein, d is the effective probe unit size between two square partition bodies, and t is square partition body thickness, and L is the height of square partition body, and w is the distance that photon is walked in square partition body.Rear collimator 6 material is tungsten alloy. Correlation computations process is as follows:
Following formula-1 can be obtained by geometrical relationship:
h 2 d + t = w 2 - t 2 t (formula-1)
Above formula is deformed:
h = ( 2 d + t ) w 2 - t 2 t (formula-2)
Expect that penetrating collimator partition arrives the photon share of detector less than 5%, namely
e-��w�� 0.05 (formula-3)
Wherein �� is the linear attenuation coefficient under corresponding energy. Then
�� W >=3 (formula-4)
?
W >=3/ �� (formula-5)
Then the calculating formula of h is formula-6:
h ≥ ( 2 d + t ) ( 3 / μ ) 2 - t 2 t (formula-6)
X-ray of 80keV and 100keV is tested and numerical computations. In order to verify the design parameter of this laboratory collimator, also calculate relation curve during d=1.1mm. After this laboratory, the thickness of collimator is 0.9mm, and height is 12mm. Relation between height and the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of rear collimator is as shown in Figure 4. If selecting the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of 0.05mm, then only need the height value of 10mm, and select the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of 0.1mm, then have only to the height value of 5mm. Owing to the positioning precision of rear collimator can only achieve 20 ��m, in order to avoid causing that rear collimator takies the space of scintillator because of position error, cause that effective geometrical efficiency declines, therefore can only select the square partition body of below 0.1mm one-tenth-value thickness 1/10.
Significantly, since each module is plane but not arc, so the impact of the square partition body shape because of rear collimator, the geometrical efficiency of edge detection unit will lower than central detector unit.
Assume that X-ray that focus sends is the square partition body (Fig. 5) of parallel rear collimator in central area, then the size �� x that edge detection unit is blocked can be calculated according to following formula-7.
Δx = ( n - 1 ) ( d + t ) h ( L - h ) (formula-7)
Wherein, L is the distance that focus arrives detector, and n is the edge partition number to detector module center.
The geometrical efficiency reduced is:
η = Δx d = ( n - 1 ) ( d + t ) h d ( L - h ) (formula-8)
Result of calculation is shown in Fig. 6.
From fig. 6, it can be seen that along with the increase of collimator spacer height, the geometrical efficiency of edge detection unit loss is increasing. In order to avoid the loss in efficiency that edge detection unit causes because of blocking, the arrangement scheme of collimator after therefore adjusting, referring to Fig. 7, rear collimator 6 is become to middle convergent type by arranged in parallel, converges in same focus 7. Numeral in Fig. 7 represents the numbering of each probe unit of detector 5. With detector center for symmetrical centre, the probe unit numbering of symmetrical position is identical, and the square partition body deflection angle corresponding to relevant position is identical to number identical representing.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, for the performance of collimator after increasing, rear collimator 6 includes square partition body, the thickness of described square partition body is 0.01-0.1mm, and/or, the height of described square partition is 10-14mm, and/or, the length of described square partition body is 35-45mm.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, the spacing at adjacent described square partition body bottom portion center is 0.5-1.0mm. There is slit between adjacent described square partition body, its objective is to allow X-ray meeting imaging geometry condition arrive detector by slit.
Owing to the machining accuracy of detector lattice is typically only capable to control within 30 ��m, through considering, the design of rear collimator is as follows: the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 of square partition body is 0.07mm, height value is 12mm, length value is 40mm, and the spacing at adjacent prismatic partition body bottom portion center is 0.75mm. The deviation angle of the square partition body corresponding to each probe unit outer end is as follows successively:
The deviation angle of each square partition body of table 1
Considering mismachining tolerance, the actual shifts angle after the processing of each square partition body can only be less than the numerical value in table.
According to above-mentioned design parameter, although X-ray that angle of scattering is less than 3 degree also can enter detector, but the 80keVX photon of EGS simulation shows (Fig. 8) through the scattering angular distribution result after 20cm water mould: it is 0.42% that angle of scattering X-ray less than or equal to 3 degree accounts for the percentage ratio of total scattering X-ray, it is possible to ignore. So, above-mentioned rear collimator design parameter can arrive the requirement absorbing scattered photon. Abscissa " angle " in Fig. 8 represents that angle, vertical coordinate represent photon energy, unit eV.
The present invention also provides for a kind of mobile CT scanner, including above-mentioned X ray colimated light system. The X ray colimated light system of the present invention is for moving CT scanner, it is prevented that X ray is for the injury of human body.
In the various embodiments described above of the present invention, the sequence number of embodiment is merely convenient of description, does not represent the quality of embodiment. The description of each embodiment is all emphasized particularly on different fields, certain embodiment there is no the part described in detail, it is possible to referring to the associated description of other embodiments.
In the embodiments such as apparatus and method of the present invention, it is clear that each parts or each step reconfigure after can decomposing, combine and/or decomposing. These decompose and/or reconfigure the equivalents that should be regarded as the present invention. Simultaneously, herein above in the description of the specific embodiment of the invention, the feature described for a kind of embodiment and/or illustrate can use in one or more other embodiment in same or similar mode, combined with the feature in other embodiment, or substitute the feature in other embodiment.
It should be emphasized that term " include/comprise " refers to the existence of feature, key element, step or assembly herein when using, but it is not precluded from the existence of one or more further feature, key element, step or assembly or additional.
Although it is last it is noted that described the present invention and advantage thereof in detail above it should be appreciated that various change, replacement and conversion can be carried out when without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention being defined by the claims appended hereto. And, the scope of the present invention is not limited only to the specific embodiment of the process described by description, equipment, means, method and steps. One of ordinary skilled in the art will readily appreciate that from the disclosure, can use process, equipment, means, method or step that perform the function essentially identical to corresponding embodiment described herein or obtain the result essentially identical with it, that existing and future is to be developed according to the present invention. Therefore, appended claim is directed in their scope to include such process, equipment, means, method or step.

Claims (7)

1. an X ray colimated light system, it is characterized in that, including: x-ray collimator, x-ray source, detector and plural rear collimator, being sequentially provided with described x-ray collimator, described rear collimator and described detector on the X ray emitting light path of described x-ray source, rear collimator more than said two is arranged on described detector in the way of middle convergent type;
Described x-ray collimator, including square body, on described square body along its length on offer square gap; The material of described square body is tungsten alloy;
Described rear collimator includes square partition body, and described square partition body has deviation angle, and the square partition body being positioned at side, detector center has different deviation angles;
The deviation angle of described each square partition body is:
��
2. X ray colimated light system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the length in described gap is 65-75mm; And/or, the width in described gap is 3-6mm; And/or, the thickness of described square body is 2-4mm.
3. X ray colimated light system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the length in described gap is 70mm; And/or, the width in described gap is 4mm; And/or, the thickness of described square body is 3mm.
4. X ray colimated light system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness of described square partition body is 0.01-0.1mm, and/or, the height of described square partition is 10-14mm, and/or, the length of described square partition body is 35-45mm.
5. X ray colimated light system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the spacing at adjacent described square partition body bottom portion center is 0.5-1.0mm.
6. X ray colimated light system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the thickness of described square partition body is 0.07mm, and/or, the height of described square partition is 12mm, and/or, the length of described square partition body is 40mm, and/or, the spacing at adjacent described square partition body bottom portion center is 0.75mm.
7. a mobile CT scanner, it is characterised in that include the X ray colimated light system as described in any one of claim 1-6.
CN201310152478.1A 2013-04-27 2013-04-27 X-ray collimator, X ray colimated light system and mobile CT scanner Active CN103330570B (en)

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CN104754848B (en) * 2013-12-30 2017-12-08 同方威视技术股份有限公司 X-ray generator and the radioscopy imaging system with the device
CN104856714A (en) * 2014-02-21 2015-08-26 上海西门子医疗器械有限公司 CT scanning parameter indication method and device and CT machine
CN104897703B (en) 2014-03-04 2018-09-28 清华大学 Check equipment, method and system
CN105427355B (en) * 2015-11-26 2018-04-03 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 The method and device that case, the scattering composition of radioscopic image are calculated, rebuild
CN112730477B (en) * 2020-12-22 2023-06-16 北京航星机器制造有限公司 Pre-CT collimator and manufacturing method thereof
CN113229839A (en) * 2021-05-29 2021-08-10 西北工业大学 Linear collimator matched with linear array X-ray detector of bone densitometer

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JP2654733B2 (en) * 1992-05-12 1997-09-17 動力炉・核燃料開発事業団 Collimator for X-ray CT system
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CN1672039A (en) * 2002-09-04 2005-09-21 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 Anti-scattering X-ray shielding for CT scanners

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CN85106558A (en) * 1985-08-31 1987-03-18 老代尔夫特光学工业有限公司 Narrow slit x-ray photographic apparatus
EP0223432A2 (en) * 1985-11-14 1987-05-27 Shih-Ping Wang X-ray radiography system
JP2654733B2 (en) * 1992-05-12 1997-09-17 動力炉・核燃料開発事業団 Collimator for X-ray CT system
CN1144571C (en) * 1994-11-22 2004-04-07 模拟技术有限公司 X-ray focal spot movement compensation system
CN1672039A (en) * 2002-09-04 2005-09-21 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 Anti-scattering X-ray shielding for CT scanners

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