Background technology
Tealeaves is a leading industry of China's rural economy.But China is in Tea Production, and energy consumption mode mainly still relies on charcoal and fuel wood.No matter be that oolong tea, black tea or green tea are produced, at the tune that withers, all ubiquities of (fried green) this phenomenon that completes.
Take the north of Fujian Province oolong tea, black tea analyzes as example:
Wuyi cliff tea is that the north of Fujian Province tealeaves of representative ranks among Chinese well-known tea ranks with distinctive quality, and is described as " king in tea ".Current main producing region concentrates within the scope of new district, Wuyi, the north of Fujian Province, and the tealeaves gross area reaches nearly 300,000 mu.The north of Fujian Province tea industry has played key effect for the development of the increasing income of peasant, rural economy.
But in the Tea Production of scope tealeaves producing region, new district, current Wuyi, also there are comparatively distinct issues.In the principal item primary processing of tea such as Here it is black tea, oolong tea, combustion bavin is made charcoal and is all had generality, combustion bavin make charcoal be seriously present in Tea Production the tune that withers, do green grass or young crops and complete these links.Oolong tea is comprehensively cooked the blue or green link ratio of making charcoal and is approached 100%, and oolong tea, black tea complete link burning bavin ratio also more than 95%.The south of Fujian Province oolong tea adopts the tune that withers, shakes the spring tea production problem that also existence is made charcoal of blue or green integrated mode, and the production of other regional green tea, black tea also all exists same problem.
Tea Production relies on the bavin heat supply of making charcoal, can not promote the use of clean energy resource---electric energy, be unfavorable for energy-saving and emission-reduction, charcoal ash fouling and the green-making enviroment anoxic of making charcoal cause adverse effect, comprehensively do blue or green braziers heat supply and combustion bavin completes tea leaf quality, can not realize accurately automatically controlling of production process, transformation and the upgrading of Tea Production technology have been limited, be unfavorable for the standardization of Tea Production, the stability of tea leaf quality is produced to harmful effect.Camellia district, Wuyi has implemented the rock tea industrialization key technology application and development of many Wuyi Mountains and research project, but green grass or young crops is done with braziers heat supply by the unit that bears these projects.The difficulty that visible this problem solves is really very large.Current Tea Production changes bavin and changes carbon, and emphasis is in practicable key technology, to make a breakthrough.
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Current Tea Production changes the major technique obstacle analysis that bavin changes carbon:
New district, Wuyi oolong tea and black tea manufacture, along with the variation of production environment and the raising of labor cost, in production also there is corresponding variation in power consumption mode and centrostigma.Combustion bavin is made charcoal to be seriously present in and is done blue or green and (comprising black tea manufacture) two links that complete.Low in the first dry link of leaking water of the system efficiency of making charcoal, most of tea enterprise is used dryer, take coal or oil as fuel, can promote the charcoal fire heating that tea leaf quality promotes seldom to adopt on the contrary.
The first, do blue or green link and rely on the heat supply basic reason of making charcoal:
Doing green grass or young crops is the critical process that forms the mellow quality of oolong tea fragrance.Fujian Province successively development and popularization drum-type green making machine, the leading equipment of applying on producing at present, main model has 6CZ-2-100 type, 6CZ-92-120 type etc., these are all the products of the 1970s and 1980s in 20th century, model the earliest is just applied in shakes on blue or green cool green grass or young crops, on product structure, there is no large variation, but title is because of the expansion generation respective change of its function.
It is time-consuming that the cool blue or green beach leaf that withers turns over leaf, take up room very large, along with labor cost improve and production site more and more nervous, solar wither ratio in the north of Fujian Province oolong tea is produced is fewer and feweri; In addition the north of Fujian Province Changes in weather in spring is large, spring tea cloudy day rainy day in season is many, the tea enterprise large except minority adopts tea leaf tedder and withering trough to wither, the medium and small tea enterprise operation of withering is generally all placed on green making machine and completes, the withering of employing time and labour saving, oolong bitter edible plant producing region, the north of Fujian Province shaken the integral type of drying in the air and done green grass or young crops, withers, shakes green grass or young crops, air blue and all in green making machine, carry out.Now the south of Fujian Province Cha Qu spring tea produces also and is changing the cool traditional processing mode splitting that shakes, and adopts withering of time and labour saving more to shake the integral type of drying in the air and does green grass or young crops.Therefore these type green making machines are also called comprehensive greening machine now, have to wither, cool green grass or young crops, shake blue or green three kinds of effects in performance.Structurally drum-type comprehensive greening machine adopts inside and outside two-layer binocular structure, generally by outer rotaring tube, be fixed on ventilator in outer rotaring tube, blower fan, heater, frame etc. and form.Internal layer cylinder is used for air-supply, the exhaust vent that gathers on cylindrical shell, and outer layer barrel is densely covered exhaust vent also, has the feature of Uniform Ventilation; Outer rotating cylinder is used for storing leaf and shakes green grass or young crops.Heat-supplying mode adopts at air inlet and places braziers, or at air inlet, electric heater unit is set, and withers, or do heating of blue or green process for hot blast.
According to incompletely statistics, at tea district, new district, Wuyi comprehensive greening machine, use the ratio of braziers heat supply surprisingly high, except Wuyi Mountain, green grass or young crops is done with electrical heating by Yuan Mei Tea Industry Co., Ltd, and all the other are substantially all to use braziers heat supply.It is exactly the comprehensive greening machine that has electric heating function of originally buying, user also removes heating partial, braziers heat supply accounts for and accounts for altogether 50000 (incomplete statistics data) the more than 99% of comprehensive greening machine recoverable amount, there is no and adopts clean Electric heating or other clean energy resourcies.Cause the basic reason of this situation to be:
Comprehensive greening machine withers in operation at blowing hot-air, because intake is large, wither temperature requirement 32-40 degree Celsius (foundation and enforcement > > of University Of Agriculture and Forestry In Fujian and the Wuyishan City immortality rock < < of tea processing factory Wuyi cliff tea preliminary working standard practice instructions), withering time 40 to 60 minutes, requires very high to heat supply heat.The north of Fujian Province spring tea produces season, and the low Changes in weather of temperature is large, and cloudy day rainy day is many, to heat supply heat peak value, requires higher.In oolong tea producing region, the north of Fujian Province, adopt electrical heating heat supply, throwing leaf amount is the comprehensive greening machine of 180 kilograms of left and right, in 40 to 60 minutes withering times, the configuration of separate unit peak power will, 20 kilowatts of left and right, run into the blue or green 25 kilowatts of heating powers of rainwater and all not reach requirement.Completing a green grass or young crops, to do blue or green process time long, and production efficiency is lower, so each Enterprise Integrated green making machine quantity is equipped with very greatly, and it is all upper and lower at 20-30 platform that general medium-scale tea enterprise is equipped with quantity.Tea as large-scale in Wuyishan City looks forward to having 60 of comprehensive greening machines, the tea of scale is looked forward to like this, and only comprehensive greening machine electrical heating electric power configures just more than 1300 kilowatts, and its supply transformer capacity only has 400 kilowatts, use electrical heating to do green grass or young crops, carry out large-scale redevelopment to distribution.
With regard to the rural area of large area distribution tea enterprise, Tea Production seasonality is very strong, concentrate on every year a wheat harvesting period, electricity consumption can not require configuration according to the peak power of Tea Production short-term, and the distribution of current thumping majority Tea Processing region and Tea Processing enterprise all cannot meet electrical heating and comprehensively do blue or green requirement.
The second, the link that completes still selects to burn bavin heat supply reason:
Complete and also claim fried green.Object is to utilize high temperature to destroy and do the enzymatic activity in leafiness rapidly, fixedly does blue or green quality, distributes part moisture, removes the green grass gas in " leafiness " simultaneously, and develop fragrance by heat chemistry effect.The red pot of mistake operation in black tea manufacture, green tea also will be used green-keeping machine before dry.Equipment kind and the model of completing is at present a lot, and energy consumption mode is also varied.
Because complete, link production efficiency is high, and the relative green making machine of tea enterprise green-keeping machine configuration quantity still less, is looked forward to large-scale tea, and it is not the principal element of considering that peak power is impacted electrical network.But make one's options from the contrasts such as cost, energy consumption cost, simplified control.Most of Cha Qihe specialist is in the early stage of development, general selection is exactly to fire firewood stove formula green-keeping machine, and the fact is also so, and Wuyi cliff tea producing region is originally in green-keeping machine configuration, except only a few tea enterprise is used combustion gas green-keeping machine, fuel oil green-keeping machine, cooking stove type combustion bavin green-keeping machine is the first-selection that medium and small tea is looked forward to.Within the scope of new district, Wuyi, the bavin of cooking stove type combustion now green-keeping machine is possessed ratio and is connect more than 95% according to incompletely statistics.Will allow now tea producer give up original combustion bavin green-keeping machine, it is very difficult purchasing new green-keeping machine, unless there is the very alternative transformation way of simple economy.Other regional tea green-keeping equipment also face same problem.
In sum, solve under the network load of Rural Areas at Present, Tea Production is comprehensively done green grass or young crops, the link that completes is used clean energy resource---electric energy, is the current problem in the urgent need to address in tealeaves producing region, new district, Wuyi.Also all there is same problem in other tealeaves producing regions.Addressing these problems the key technology that must obtain in Tea Processing technical equipment breaks through.
Previous round projects to upgrade rural power grids complete, and distribution general layout basically forms, and most tealeaves concentrates processing district net capacity not enough; A lot of too small, set distribution facility capacity of Tea Processing scope of the enterprise are very little, all cause the heating electric of cannot direct load comprehensively doing green grass or young crops, completing.As Wuyishan City rock tea village school large-scale production enterprise, gather, Cao Dun village is also like this.With regard to the rural area of large area distribution tea enterprise, Tea Production seasonality is very strong, concentrates on every year a wheat harvesting period, and having formed distribution does not all have to require configuration according to the peak power of Tea Production short-term.As the emerging Tian Town hole little Ying of Yan Cha specialist has 20 comprehensive greening machines, electrical heating is comprehensively done blue or green lowest power and is needed 500 kilowatts, 100 kilowatts of transformer capacities.Most typical example is that Yan Cha village, Wuyishan City repeatedly installs transformer additional, 1600 kilowatts of existing four transformer total capacities, there is comprehensive greening machine in full village more than 1000, and electrical heating is comprehensively done blue or green lowest power more than 18000 kilowatts, and total capacity and demand differ more than 10 times.The current distribution in Yan Cha village does not say that meeting electrical heating comprehensively does green grass or young crops, is exactly that power electricity consumption is all very nervous.
Current by the distribution engineering transformation of tea enterprise being solved to the combustion bavin of industry in the producing problem of making charcoal, the very large difficulty existing: when comprehensively doing green grass or young crops, completing electricity consumption peak value, general area Tea Production electric power in season is large several times than usual, and Tea Processing concentration zones is several times of greatly to 10 than usual.And no matter at village level electrical network can't bear the heavy load, be exactly the good region of electrical network condition, also because carry out, distribution capacity-expansion project has high input, difficulty is large, and it is very low that enterprise transforms enthusiasm.Simultaneously, Tea Production is seasonal strong, high-power distribution only short-term use and the most of the time idle, open circuit loss and load loss are all very large, overburden for business economic, and most manufacturing enterprises represent, can not solve the problem that combustion bavin is made charcoal by distribution being carried out to the mode of secondary transformation, except non-government investment helps enterprise, carry out distribution transformation investment, obviously within a very long period, this approach is impracticable.
Thereby putting before this, emphatically to the existing tune that withers, do green grass or young crops, the equipment that completes effectively improves, this is that current Tea Production bavin changes the approach that realizes that electrical carbon changes electric unique reality.Emphasis is that to stress to develop cost use cost be enterprise's green grass or young crops equipment that completes of doing that accept, that make electricity consumption clean energy resource, that particularly match with current electrical network configuration compared with low energy.
I am at < < environment-friendly and energy-efficient comprehensive greening machine for oolong tea > > (application number: 201210272312.9,201220379999.1) in patent application before, proposed a kind of novel comprehensive greening machine for oolong tea, solved current tealeaves comprehensive greening machine charcoal and changed electric problem.In this application technique scheme is improved cleverly, realized the great expansion of function, on a machine, can realize
tealeaves wither tune, do green grass or young crops, completefunction, and be applicable to any tealeaves the tune that withers, do green grass or young crops, complete.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention, is just to provide a kind ofly under the electrical network condition of Rural Areas at Present, can use the tealeaves of clean energy resource electric energy to wither to adjust and make the green grass or young crops all-in-one that completes.For realizing object of the present invention, the technical scheme of taking is:
Use the tealeaves of clean energy resource to wither to adjust and make the green grass or young crops all-in-one that completes, comprise drum-type green making machine, to the heat-storing device of drum-type green making machine heat supply, it is characterized in that: described heat-storing device is a kind of heat-storing device with explosion type thermal output function, its implementation is that described heat-storing device arranges to the sprayer unit of thermal store atomized water spray.
The technical program can not change under the condition of distribution substantially, realize simultaneously to Tea Production wither tune, do green grass or young crops and the charcoal that completes in link changes electricity, Chai Gai electricity.
(1), as comprehensive greening machine (wither to be in harmonious proportion and do blue or green function): heat-storing device is operated in general thermal output state, and does not work to the sprayer unit of thermal store atomized water spray in heat-storing device, and thermal store institute quantity of heat storage is carried out heat exchange by air.
This technical scheme can solve the excessive problem of drum-type green making machine electrical heating power peak value, as do before green grass or young crops, first by 4 kw of power to thermal store heating 5 hours, can heat accumulation 20 kilowatts, while doing green grass or young crops, heating power is 5 kilowatts, be equivalent to green making machine and realized the heating power of 25 kilowatts, the heating power of 25 kilowatts, be reduced to 5 kilowatts, reduce heating peak power 75%, if preheating time is longer, heating peak power will further reduce.This kind of mode of heating, generally can effectively reduce heating its peak work 50% to 85%, substantially can the distribution of most of enterprise not transformed, and just can use electric energy as comprehensively doing the blue or green energy.This is quite to grow in the period, and the north of Fujian Province Tea Production realizes the technological approaches of unique reality that comprehensive greening machine carbon changes.Many tea enterprises and Tea Processing production specialist, comprehensively do green grass or young crops and change carbon mode and approve this, expects that this technical products can be that user is used early.This technical scheme can not only effectively realize the carbon that changes of comprehensive greening machine under current distribution condition, and other modes relatively have the huge realistic meaning of small investment, instant effect, good energy-conserving effect.
Be analyzed as follows: as 50000 left and right of tealeaves comprehensive greening machine recoverable amount, new district, Wuyi, if adopt direct Electric heating transformation, 20 kilowatts of every comprehensive greening machine heating powers, install additional 20 kilowatts electric heater investment with install heat-storing device investment of the present invention additional quite.But must increase by 1000000 kilowatts of total distribution power, be equivalent to install additional the distribution transformer of 1000 1000 kilowatts, need to increase nearly 500,000,000 yuan of investment, several ten million yuan of 1000 annual open circuit loss electricity charge of 1000 kilowatts of distribution transformers.
In other regional tealeaves comprehensive greening machine charcoals change electricity, effect is like this too.
(2) as tea water-removing machine.Heat-storing device thermal output is in maximum rating, and in heat-storing device to the sprayer unit work of thermal store atomized water spray, thermal store institute quantity of heat storage is carried out heat exchange by water smoke and air gas mixture.The mixing of water smoke and air has increased the temperature difference between pyroconductivity, specific heat capacity and thermal store surface and inside, can conduct more heat, realizes explosion type thermal output function, and the hot gas of output can reach the required temperature of tea green-keeping.
This technical scheme makes original comprehensive greening machine possess the function of green-keeping machine simultaneously, and without the configuration equipment that completes separately again.Also make the hot blast that enters green-keeping machine with certain humidity, in the process of completing, tealeaves is difficult for burnt limit, is more conducive to improve the quality that completes of tealeaves.Not only can effectively realize in this way the transformation of burning bavin green-keeping machine, and compare more investment-saving with other modes.As transformed existing at least one ten thousand burning bavin green-keeping machines within the scope of new district, Wuyi, the north of Fujian Province, by average 30,000 yuan of calculating of every novel green-keeping machine, at least to drop into 300,000,000 yuan, adopt this technical scheme, as long as comprehensively doing the heat-storing device installing additional on green grass or young crops described in the technical program, just make comprehensive greening machine possess green-keeping machine function, complete existing 10,000 burning bavin green-keeping machines transformation within the scope of new district, Wuyi, the north of Fujian Province, can save down at least 3 hundred million element devices investments.The green-keeping machine of this mode that completes is equally applicable to completing of other tealeaves such as green tea, and in other regional tea water-removing machines change electricity, effect is like this too.
Accompanying drawing explanation
fig. 1 isuse the tealeaves of clean energy resource to wither to adjust and make the green grass or young crops all-in-one machine structure schematic diagram that completes;
Fig. 2 is used the tealeaves of clean energy resource to wither to adjust to do the green grass or young crops a kind of heat-storing device structural representation with explosion type thermal output function in all-in-one that completes, for along sprayer unit nozzle shaft to partial cross sectional views;
Fig. 3 is that thermal store piles up by electric pyrogenicity heat accumulation perhafnate concrete plate the heat-storing device structural representation forming, and is the cut away view perpendicular to electric pyrogenicity heat accumulation perhafnate concrete plate direction.
In figure,
the 1st,there is explosion type thermal output function
heat-storing device, the 2nd, drum-type green making machine air inlet, the 3rd, air-supply arrangement (air blast), the 4th, drum-type green making machine transmission device, the 5th, driving motor, the 6th, the dark brownish green handling door of drum-type green making machine, the 7th, drum-type green making machine inner core ventilator, the 8th, the outer cylinder of drum-type green making machine, the 9th, drum-type green making machine frame, the 10th, the thermal store in heat-storing device, the 11st, heat-storing device heat exchange air inlet, the 12nd, heat-storing device heat exchange air outlet, the 13rd, the heat accumulation ball of formation thermal store, the 14th, heat-storing device insulation shell, the 15th, electric heating device, the 16th, heat exchange air gap between heat accumulation ball, the 17th, bracing frame, the 18th, the nozzle of sprayer unit, the 19th,adjacent two electric pyrogenicity heat accumulation perhafnate concrete slab interblocks form hot switching path, the 20th, electric pyrogenicity heat accumulation perhafnate concrete plate.
The specific embodiment
below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe:
accompanying drawing 1 has provided a kind ofuse the tealeaves of clean energy resource to wither to adjust and make the green grass or young crops all-in-one that completes, comprise drum-type green making machine, to the heat-storing device (1) of drum-type green making machine heat supply, it is characterized in that: described heat-storing device (1) is a kind of heat-storing device with explosion type thermal output function, its implementation is that described heat-storing device (1) arranges to the sprayer unit of thermal store (10) atomized water spray, i.e. relative thermal store (10) device of the sprayer unit of atomized water spray (18).
Described heat-storing device (1) structure with explosion type thermal output function is: arrange to the sprayer unit (18) of thermal store (10) atomized water spray, thermal store (10) installs in insulation shell (14), thermal store has hot switching path in (10).
Accompanying drawing 2,3 provides two kinds of thermal store structures with the heat-storing device (1) of explosion type thermal output function.Wherein a kind of: thermal store (10) builds by heat accumulation ball (13) heap the heat-storing device with explosion type thermal output function (1) forming: thermal store (10) is built and formed by heat accumulation ball (13) heap, and in heat accumulation ball (13) heap, device some electric heating devices (15), heat-storing device (1) air inlet arrange to the sprayer unit (18) of heat accumulation ball (13) atomized water spray.In this structure, the hot switching path in thermal store (10) is the heat exchange air gap (16) forming between heat accumulation ball (13).The selection of thermal store (10) is diversified, and as adopted the electric pyrogenicity heat accumulation perhafnate coagulation body that has electric heat inducing functions, conductive and heat-conductive is stainless steel fibre and graphite mutually, the inner distributed heat of electric pyrogenicity heat accumulation perhafnate coagulation body interchange channel; Or as shown in Figure 3, adopt electric pyrogenicity heat accumulation perhafnate concrete plate (20) to be piled into thermal store (10), two end device current electrodes of every electric pyrogenicity heat accumulation perhafnate concrete plate (20).Between adjacent two electric pyrogenicity heat accumulation perhafnate concrete plates (20), form hot switching path (19).No matter adopt the thermal store of which kind of structure, principle is the same, does not describe in detail one by one.
The first, as comprehensive greening machine (wither to be in harmonious proportion and do blue or green function): the heat-storing device (1) with explosion type thermal output function is operated in general thermal output state, and the sprayer unit (18) to thermal store (10) atomized water spray is not worked, thermal store (10) institute quantity of heat storage is carried out heat exchange by air.
The second, as tea water-removing machine.There is heat-storing device (1) thermal output of explosion type thermal output function in maximum rating, and to sprayer unit (18) intermittent running of thermal store (10) atomized water spray, thermal store (10) institute quantity of heat storage is carried out heat exchange by water smoke and air gas mixture.The mixing of water smoke and air has increased pyroconductivity and specific heat capacity, and the temperature difference between thermal store surface and inside, can conduct more heat in moment, realizes explosion type thermal output function, and the hot gas of output can reach the required temperature of tea green-keeping.When completing, in order to reduce heat-energy losses, improve the thermal efficiency, can suitably improve existing drum-type green making machine, as dwindle the size of existing drum-type green making machine urceolus air vent and density, at drum-type green making machine urceolus brushing insulating mold coating.For original drum-type green making machine, install dismountable current limliting cover that has the fabric making of certain density air vent, at drum-type green making machine urceolus brushing insulating mold coating.
Adopt the tealeaves of the use clean energy resource of this operation principle to wither to adjust and do green grass or young crops and complete in all-in-one; the structure of heat-storing device (1) can be diversified; the structure of thermal store (10) is also diversified; no matter adopt which kind of structure; as long as this device has the present invention, defined mode of mixing by water smoke and air realizes heat-storing device explosion type thermal output function, all falls into protection scope of the present invention.